• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cold preservation

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Comparison of preservation in poultry carcasses processed by different chilling systems (도계육 냉각공정 방식에 따른 보존성 비교)

  • Kim, Kyeong-Taek;Kim, Ji-Hyun;Park, Young-Min;Myung, Keun-Sik;Park, Tae-Wook
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.245-251
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    • 2017
  • Cold air or ice water are used to chill poultry carcasses after slaughter. In order to compare the microbial reduction effect of two different chilling systems in poultry carcasses, Pre-and post-chilled carcass samples were tested for contamination agents such as aerobic bacteria counts, E. coli counts and Salmonella spp. counts. Water chilling system showed higher reduction ratio of bacteria than air chilling system during the three seasons. Also, aging of slaughter facility was related with bacterial contamination of pre-chilld carcasses. And additional volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) test were conducted in poultry packing meats and it increased steadily during 15 days. VBN at 8~9 days were over 13 mg% with putrid smell. Poultry packing meats by water chilling system were fresher than air chilling system during early storage time. But those decayed faster after 9 days.

Ab-Anbar, the Ancient Underground Water Houses of Iran

  • Yazdi, J. Tababaee;Han, Moo-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.1438-1441
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    • 2008
  • Throughout the history, the people of Iran have battled the dryness by innovations to preserve every drop of water that lands from the rare clouds, or from a stream flowing out of distant springs. Water is precious and held with highest respect, whether stored for drinking at an Ab-Anbar, or for washing and farming at the Houz in the middle of their oasis homes and orchards, or sourced at a Qanat spring or Jooy under ground. How it is that drinking water as cold as a mountain fall is found in desert of Iran? Ab-Anbar is an ancient means of water preservation and cooling through anunderground building structure. These underground structures have been present in Khorasan and other desert provinces of Iran as public or private water storage facilities, widely used before the installation of public plumbing systems in the late 1950s. Although many of these structures are still functional, most have been protected by government for restoration or viewing by the public as historical heritage. Khorasan natural dry climate and the massive surrounding deserts have been a breeding ground for many designs of Ab-Anbars. Today the existing number of such facilities stands in the province of Khorasan. Usually these structures were built in populated areas, also there are some forms of such structures on old trade routes and roadways leading to and from populated towns. This paper considers the history of Ab-Anbars in Khorasan as well as other relevant aspects such as types, components, construction methods and materials, filling and withdrawal systems.

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The Lateral Middle Phalangeal Finger Flap for Pulp and Palmar Defects of the Finger (수지 첨부 및 수장부 연부 조직 결손에서 시행한 외측 중위 수지 피판술)

  • Chung, Duke-Whan;Lee, Jae-Hoon
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.33-37
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of lateral middle phalangeal finger flap for pulp and palmar defect of the finger. Materials and methods: We performed the lateral middle phalangeal finger flap in thumb pulp defect 4 cases and the palmar defect of other finger 3 cases. Mean age was 38(25-53) years old and there were male 6 cases and female 1 case. Sensate flap was performed in 4 cases of thumb pulp defects. Mean follow-up period was 14(7-22) months. Results: All flaps were survived. Mean static two-pint discrimination of sensate flap 4 cases was 8(6-10) mm. The sensation of donor finger tip was normal in all cases. Limitation of range of motion of the donor fingers was absent. Patients complained of transient cold intolerance 1 month after surgery but didn't complain of that in all cases at last follow-up. Conclusions: The advantages of the lateral middle phalangeal finger flap are the preservation of the ipsilateral palmar digital nerve, good sensory reconstruction of the fingertip, well maintained donor finger mobility with minimal exposure of the extensor tendon, cosmetically good appearances of donor finger, and easy raising as a large flap. So we suggest that this flap is versatile for reconstructing of relatively large pulp defect of the thumb and the palmar defects involving the joint of finger.

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Pulse Density Modulated ZVS High Frequency Inverter with Reverse Blocking Single Switch for Dielectric Barrier Discharge Lamp Dimming

  • Sugimura Hisayuki;Yasui Kenji;Omori Hideki;Lee Hyun-Woo;Nakaoka Mutsuo
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.206-209
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    • 2006
  • At present, the cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) using mercury lamp has been generally used far liquid crystal backlight source of personal computer and car navigation and so on. This kind of lamp is more excellent on luminance performance and cost. However, the requirements of liquid crystal backlight due to a light source without mercury have been strongly increased from a viewpoint of the actual influence on environmental preservation and environmental recycling. As fluorescent lamp without mercury, Dielectric Barrier Discharge based rare gas fluorescent lamp (DBD-FL) using xenon (Xe) gas has been studied so far. This DBD lamp has no influence on the human body and environmental recycle. Its operating life is long because electrode is out. In this paper, the simulation and experimental results of soft switching high frequency inverter with reverse blocking single switch as a high frequency power supply circuit for DBD-FL using Xe gas are comparatively evaluated and discussed from a practical point of view.

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Studies on the Properties of Charolais Semen (Charolais의 정액 성상에 관한 연구)

  • 고광두;손봉환;변명대;김선환
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.20-27
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    • 1980
  • This experiment was to study semen properties of Charolais for the a, pp.ication ot artificial insemination. The result obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In the preservation of liquid semen for 6 days, the survival rates of Charolais semen averaged 57.14% in skim milk solution and 58.17% in tris buffer solution. There were not differences. 2. Recovery of semen after thawing was vigorous in the semen that was diluted and frozen in 48 hrs. 3. The real rates of survival sperm for Charolais averaged 83% after living sperm was diluted and stained for 6 days. 4. Methylene blue reduction test diluted semen was fresh when it was diluted within 48 hrs. 5. If the diluted semen was preserved below 5$^{\circ}C$ in Charolais, the pH decreased by 0.2 in a day. 6. Diluted semen was more resistant to the cold shock than fresh semen. 7. In resistance against hot shock, sperm was almost dead in 20 minutes in 46.5$^{\circ}C$ in diluted semen, while it was dead in 30 minutes in 42.5$^{\circ}C$ in diluted semen. 8. In examination of morphological changes of sperm acrosome for 6 days, normal sperm in skim milk solution and tris buffer solution was 80% and 76.97% respectively, swelling sperm 12.8% and 15.27%, deficient sperm 0.6% and 0.97% abnormal staining 3.07% and 5.25%, immature sperm 0.28%, and 0.23%, whereas other abnormal sperm was 1.28% and 1.42%.

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Study on OTEC System using Condenser Effluent from Nuclear Power Plant (원자력발전소 온배수를 이용한 해양온도차발전에 대한 연구)

  • Seo, Hyang-Min;Park, Sung-Seek;Shin, Sang-Ho;Kim, Chong-Bo;Kim, Nam-Jin
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.1267-1272
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    • 2008
  • OTEC power plants are studied as a viable option for the supply of clean energy. In this paper, the thermodynamic performance of OTEC system was calculated. The results show that the working fluids such as R32 and R125 would be alternatives based upon cutting down the system size, environmental preservation, and conditions without having a severe penalty in efficiency. the initial cost significantly. The regeneration system increase in energy efficiency, and the system can generate electricity when the difference in warm and cold seawater inlet temperatures are greater than $15^{\circ}C$. Also, the system efficiency of OTEC power plant using the condenser effluent from nuclear power plant instead of the surface water increased about 2%.

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Changes in microbial and chemical properties of rough rice treated with cold plasma by storage temperatures and periods (저온 플라즈마 처리한 벼의 저장온도 및 기간에 따른 미생물학적 및 이화학적 특성 변화)

  • Woo, Koan Sik;Yong, Hae In;Jo, Cheorun;Lee, Seuk Ki;Lee, Byong Won;Lee, Byoungkyu;Lee, Yu-Young;Oh, Sea-Kwan;Kim, Hyun-Joo
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.24 no.7
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    • pp.908-914
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    • 2017
  • Cold plasma (CP) was applied to examine microbial safety and physicochemical properties of rough rice. CP was generated in a square-shaped plastic container (250 W, 15 kHz, ambient air) and dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment was applied for periods of 0, 10, and 20 min during 2 weeks at 4 and $25^{\circ}C$. As a result of observing changes in growth of microorganisms, 3.46-3.86 log CFU/g of total aerobic bacteria and 2.27-2.86 log CFU/g of mold were detected in the early stage of storage. The growth of total aerobic bacteria and mold was increased depending on the storage temperature and period, but there was no big difference between cultivars. Microbial analysis after storage showed that microorganisms of plasma-treated group were less grown approximately 1.50 log CFU/g. Moisture content of rough rice was decreased by storage temperature and periods. As for the amylose content, changes in the content by plasma were not observed in Samkwang, Cheongpum and Misomi, whereas Palbangmi showed a tendency to increase. The results of this study indicated that CP treatment improved the microbial quality of rough rice, but further studies should be conducted to reduce the deterioration of sensory quality induced by CP.

Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties of Meat and Viscera of Dried Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) Prepared using Different Drying Methods (건조방법에 따른 건조 전복 (Haliotis discus hannai)의 이화학적 특성 비교)

  • Park, Jeong-Wook;Lee, Young-Jae;Park, In-Bae;Shin, Gung-Won;Jo, Yeong-Cheol;Koh, So-Mi;Kang, Seong-Gook;Kim, Jeong-Mok;Kim, Hae-Seop
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.686-698
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    • 2009
  • We sought basic data for product development and storage improvement of abalone. We explored drying methodologies, such as shade drying, cold air drying, and vacuum freeze drying. We also examined various physicochemical features of both meat and viscera. Raw abalone meat had $78.88{\pm}1.01%$ moisture, $9.24{\pm}0.27%$ crude protein, and $10.05{\pm}0.81%$ carbohydrate (all w/w). The moisture level of dried abalone meat was highest after cold air drying, at $18.38{\pm}0.91%$, and lowest after vacuum freeze drying, at $1.05{\pm}0.05%$. The total amino acid content of raw abalone meat was $17,124.05{\pm}493.18\;mg%$, and fell after shade-drying to $12,969.92{\pm}583.65\;mg%$, and to $13,328.78{\pm}653.11\;mg%$ after cold air drying. The total free amino acid content of raw abalone meat was $4,261.99{\pm}106.55\;mg%$, and rose after shade-drying to $6,336.50{\pm}285.15\;mg%$, to $5,072.04{\pm}248.53\;mg%$ after cold air drying, and to $4,638.85{\pm}218.03\;mg%$ after vacuum freeze drying. The fatty acid proportions in raw abalone meat were $47.00{\pm}0.99%$ saturated, $22.18{\pm}1.05%$ monounsaturated, and $30.82{\pm}1.45%$ polyunsaturated. In the viscera, however, the proportions were $36.72{\pm}0.74%$ saturated, $25.44{\pm}1.12%$ monounsaturated, and $37.84{\pm}1.67%$ polyunsaturated. The contents of chondroitin sulfate in raw abalone were $11.95{\pm}0.35%$ in meat and $7.71{\pm}0.19%$ in viscera (both w/w). After shade-drying, the chondroitin sulfate content was $16.57{\pm}0.90%$ in meat and $9.24{\pm}0.50%$ in viscera. The figures after cold air drying were $16.17{\pm}0.79%$ and $12.44{\pm}0.61%$, and those after vacuum freeze drying $25.17{\pm}1.16%$ and $15.22{\pm}0.70%$ (thus including the highest meat content). The level of collagen in raw abalone was $69.80{\pm}3.07\;mg/g$ in meat and $40.62{\pm}1.79\;mg/g$ in viscera. Meat and viscera dried in the shade had $144.05{\pm}7.78\;mg/g$ and $44.16{\pm}2.39\;mg/g$ collagen, respectively, whereas the figures after cold air drying were $133.29{\pm}6.53\;mg/g$ and $69.20{\pm}3.39\;mg/g$, and after vacuum freeze drying $137.51{\pm}6.33\;mg/g$ and $60.61{\pm}2.79\;mg/g$. Volatile basic nitrogen values of raw abalone showed a higher content in viscera, at $19.01{\pm}0.84\;mg%$, compared to meat ($10.10{\pm}0.44\;mg%$). The value for shade-dried abalone meat was $136.77{\pm}7.37\;mg%$ and that of viscera $197.97{\pm}10.69\;mg%$. After cold air drying the meat and visceral values were $27.32{\pm}1.34\;mg%$ and $71.37{\pm}3.50\;mg%$, respectively.

Comparison of the Low Potassium Dextran Solution and ET-Kyoto Solution in Rabbit Lung (토끼 폐장 분리관류 모형을 이용한 LPD 폐보존액과 ET-Kyoto 폐보존액의 비교)

  • Lim, Cheong;Kim, Kyung-Hwan;Kim, Young-Tae;Sung, Sook-Whan;Kim, Joo-Hyun
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.30 no.12
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    • pp.1159-1166
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    • 1997
  • For Improvement of lung preservation, many tripes of preservation solution were developed and tested. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the most frequently used extracellular type pieservation solution (Low Potassium Dextran, LPD) with a newly developed trehalose containing extracellular type preservation solution(ET-Kyoto, ETK) on postischemic lung function. Twelve New-Zealand white rabbit lungs were harvested and studied on an isolated, blood-perfused model of lung function after 4 hours of cold ischemia at $10^{\circ}C$ In group I (n=6), lungs were preserved with 100 mL/kg of LPD solution; in group II(n=6), lungs were preserved with 100 mL/kg of ETK solution. A few minutes before flushing with preservation solutions, 20$\mu\textrm{g}$ of PGEI were injected into main pulmonary artery. Functions of the preserved lung were compared with PO2, PA pressure, t acheal air pressure, and drylwet ratio. The pulmonary efferent blood oxygen tension at the end of the 60-minute reperfusion period was higher in group II compacted with group I(486.5 $\pm$ 80.3 mmHg versus $432.5\pm82.9$ mmHg at FiO2 1.0, p-value = NS). The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was similar in both $groups.(33.7\pm2.2$ mmHg versus $35.5\pm2.0$ mmHg, p-value : NS). The peak inspiratory airway pressure was significantly lower in group 11(8.010.6 mmHg versus 11.8 $\pm$ 1.4 mmHg, p-value=0.02) The water content of the lung was lower in group II $(70.2\pm6.9%$ versus 78.5 $\pm6.1%),$ but not significant. These data demonstrate that a newly-developed trehalose-containing ET-Kyoto solution yield equal or slightly superior lung function after reperfusion compared with LPD solution.

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Effect of cryoprotectant agents on the growth of lactic acid bacteria during storage of powdered Kimchi (분말김치 저장 중 젖산균 생육에 대한 동결건조보호제 첨가 효과)

  • Song, Jung-Hee;Cho, Jungeun;Chung, Youngbae;Seo, Hye-Young
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.167-173
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to evaluate effect of adding cryoprotectant agents on the growth of lactic acid bacteria during storage of powdered Kimchi. Powdered Kimchi was prepared by adding 1.5% cryoprotectant (glucose, maltose, lactose, and sucrose) and freeze-dried. For the preparation of micro-sized particle of Kimchi powder, the freeze-dried Kimchi was powered at 14,000 rpm for 2 min. The survival ratio of lactic acid bacteria in the powdered Kimchi was monitored during storage period of 4 months at -20, 0, 4, and $25^{\circ}C$ after the capsulation of the powedered Kimchi. The number of lactic acid bacteria in the powdered Kimchi capsule was the greatest stored at $-20^{\circ}C$, and the addition of glucose in cryoprotectant showed higher survival rate of lactic acid bacteria than that of control. More than $10^7CFU/g$ of lactic acid bacteria were survived in the powdered Kimchi stored at 0 and $4^{\circ}C$. However, the lactic acid bacteria were not detected in the powdered Kimchi stored at $25^{\circ}C$. As a results, the addition of cryoprotectant agents in the manufacturing process improved the survival rate of lactic acid bacteria in powered Kimchi products with accompanying with a cold-chain system for the distributon of powdered Kimchi products.