• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.1028-1034
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• 2001

The 2.5 vol% TiNi/6061Al composites were fabricated by permanent mold casting. The microstructures and tensile test for the cold rolled composites with maximum 50% reduction ratio were investigated. In the case of TiNi fiber with 2mm interval in preform, the interface bonding of fabricated composites were good, interface diffusion layer of this composites was made by the mutual diffusion. Transverse section of TiNi fiber was decreased with increasing reduction ratio and longitudinal section of TiNi fiber showed multiple wave phenomenon. And the tensile strength of composites at 38% reduction ratio was the most high. In the case of over 38% reduction ratio, the decrease of the tensile strength was due to TiNi fiber rupture by excess working. The fracture mode was appeared brittle fracture with increasing reduction ratio.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2008

일반적으로 인간의 질병과 가축의 경제적인 특성은 하나의 유전자가 아닌 여러 유전자의 상호작용으로 일어난다고 믿고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 세대를 거듭할수록 대립유전자의 유전이 안정적으로 발생되어지고 개체의 기능적인 유전적 가치를 직접적으로 추정할 수 있는 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)을 한우의 경제적 특성인도체중(carcass cold weight)에 대하여 모수적인 방법인 ANOVA와 비모수적인 방법인 multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR)을 이용하여 하나의 유전자의 효과와 두 개의 유전자의 상호작용 효과를 비교하였다. ANOVA에서는 하나의 유전자 SNP1이 도체중에 유의한 효과가 있었고 상호작용 효과에서는 도체중에 유의한 효과는 없었다. MDR에서는 하나의 유전자의 효과인 SNP1과 두 개의 유전자의 상호작용인 SNP1*SNP2의 효과가 컸으며 SNP1과 SNP1*SNP2를 비교했을 시에는 SNP1*SNP2의 효과가 더 크게 나타났다. 이는 개별 SNP유전자 보다 복합 SNP유전자의 상호작용이 경제적인 특성인 도체증에 더 영향을 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.467-476
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• 2016

In the present study, we examined the effect of pertussis toxin (PTX) administered centrally in a variety of stress-induced blood glucose level. Mice were exposed to stress after the pretreatment of PTX (0.05 or 0.1 mg) i.c.v. or i.t. once for 6 days. Blood glucose level was measured at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min after stress stimulation. The blood glucose level was increased in all stress groups. The blood glucose level reached at maximum level after 30 min of stress stimulation and returned to a normal level after 2 h of stress stimulation in restraint stress, physical, and emotional stress groups. The blood glucose level induced by cold-water swimming stress was gradually increased up to 1 h and returned to the normal level. The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intrathecal (i.t.) pretreatment with PTX, a $G_i$ inhibitor, alone produced a hypoglycemia and almost abolished the elevation of the blood level induced by stress stimulation. The central pretreatment with PTX caused a reduction of plasma insulin level, whereas plasma corticosterone level was further up-regulated in all stress models. Our results suggest that the hyperglycemia produced by physical stress, emotional stress, restraint stress, and the cold-water swimming stress appear to be mediated by activation of centrally located PTX-sensitive G proteins. The reduction of blood glucose level by PTX appears to due to the reduction of plasma insulin level. The reduction of blood glucose level by PTX was accompanied by the reduction of plasma insulin level. Plasma corticosterone level up-regulation by PTX in stress models may be due to a blood glucose homeostatic mechanism.

• 오토저널
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1983

A study was made of the effect of cold working and stabilizing temperature on the fatigue properties of Aluminum alloy 5083. The amount of cold working ranged from 14% to 35% and stabilizing temperature was 120.deg. C-160.deg. C. Rotary bending fatigue test was carried out, and it was found that 1) E specimen that had been cold worked by the cold reduction of 35% and stabilized at 160.deg. C for 2 hours was showed the most excellent fatigue limit and endurance ratio and, 2) By the results of the between crack propagation behavior and stress intensity factor, E specimen was showed the better resistance to fatigue crack growth than others.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.132-145
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• 2001

The cold discharge from LNG(liquefied natural gas) terminal makes the water temperature around the terminal fall down. This temperature reduction may result in serious changes on marine ecosystem of the coastal area. The numerical model experiments of material transport and tidal circulation in the inner bay, Chinhae Bay are investigated in the dispersion of cold discharge from LNG terminal. The condition of ambient water is exposed to tide, tidal current and cold discharge temperature. Simple numerical model experiments highlight the importance of tidal circulation and cold discharge at each case and some results are discussed. The results of this study can be used as the guideline for the site selection of LNG terminals and long-term marine environmental impact assessment.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2002

Prostaglandins are generated through two isoforms of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, constitutively expressed cyclooxygenase(COX)-1 and COX-2, which is induced at sites of inflammation. Inhibition of COX-2 is desirable as this may avoid side effects seen with NSAIDs. We examined the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and cold therapy on the levels of muscle cycloooxygenase-2 mRNA in rats of carrageenan-induced inflammatory. The method of behavioral assessment were paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and tail flick test(TFT). The COX-2 mRNA levels were quantified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Following the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and cold therapy, PWL and TFT were increased and COX-2 mRNA expression in gastrocnemius muscles were decreased. These results suggest that a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and cold therapy were good therapy for a muscle pain.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2003

Engine-out HC emissions were investigated during cold and hot start. The tests were conducted according to engine cooling temperatures which were controlled by simulated coolant temperatures of cold and hot start, on a 1.5L, 4-cylinder, 16 valve, multipoint-port-fuel-injection gasoline engine. Real time engine-out HC emissions were measured at a exhaust port and cylinder head using Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). Unburned hydrocarbons emitted at the cold coolant temperature were much higher than those of the hot coolant temperatures. And the main source of the high HC emission was confirmed as misfire at cold coolant temperature. In addition, the effect of intake valve timing on engine-out HC emissions was investigated. The results obtained indicate that optimized intake phasing provides the potential for start-up engine-out HC emissions reduction.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.150-155
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• 2000

Exhaust emissions from vehicles are the main source of air pollution. Many researchers are trying to find the way of reducing vehicle emissions, especially in the cold transient period of the FTP-75 test. In this study, UEGI (Unburned Exhaust Gas Ignition) technology, warming up the close-coupled catalytic converter (CCC) by igniting the unburned exhaust mixture using two glow plugs installed in the upstream of the catalyst, was developed. It was applied to an exhaust system with a hydrocarbon adsorber to ensure an effective reduction of HC emission during the cold start period. Results showed that the CCC reaches the light-off temperature (LOT) in a shorter time compared with the baseline exhaust system, and HC and CO emissions are reduced significantly during the cold start.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1995

벼 품종의 내냉성정도를 판정하는데 기준이 되는 몇가지 형질들에 대하여 품종형에 따른 저온반응의 차이를 구명하고자 오대벼외 187개 품종을 공시하여 실험을 수행한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 각 품종형에 따라 대부분의 형질에서 서로 상이하면서 다양한 변이를 나타내었는데, 자포니카형 과 인디카형 에서 는 냉해에 강한 품종이 많은 반면, 통일형 품종은 대부분의 형질에서약한 반응을 나타냈다. 2. 적고현상은 대부분의 자포니카형 품종에서 강한 쪽으로, 통일형 품종은 약한 쪽으로, 그리고 인디카형 품종은 강한 것에서 약한 것까지다앙한 변이분포를 나타냈다. 3. 공시한 품종들간에 증감의 차이가 가장 적게 나타난 형질은 수수와 영화수였으며, 특히 가수는 품종형에 관계없이 188개 품종 중 34개 품종이 냉수구에서 오히려 증가되었다. 4. 출수의 지연, 간장의 단축, 이삭추출도 불량 및 억책율 저하 등에서 통일형 품종은 대부분 그 정도가 심한 반면, 자포니카형 품종과 인디카형 품종에서는 공히 저온반응이 강한 것에서 약한 품종까지 광범위한 변이분포를 나타냈다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.473-479
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• 1994

저압 화학 기상 증착법을 사용하여 $WF_6$의 환원반응으로 텅스텐 박막을 p형 실리콘 (100)표면위에 증착하였다. Cold-wall조건에서는 실리콘 기판과 $SiH_4$를 각각 이용하여 $WF_6$를 환원시켜 텅스텐 박막을 증착하였으며 hot-wall 조건에서는 $WF_6$를 $SiH_4$로 환원시켜 증착하였다. 박막의 결정구조는 어느 조건에서나 체심입방구조를 이루었으며, 증착조건에 따른 박막의 물리적 및 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 증착된 박막을 온도 $800^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 결과 hot-wall 조건의 박막이 $WSi_2$로 변화하였다. Hot-wall과 cold-wall조건에서의 박막을 분석한 결과 박막의 특성은 cold-wall조건이 우수하나 hot-wall조건에서는 열처리 방법에 의하여 실리콘 기판과 적합성이 우수한 것으로 알려진 $WSi_2$ 박막의 제조가 가능함을 알 수 있었다.