• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.133-136
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• 2000

In recent years, hybrid neural network approaches which combine neural networks and mechanistic models have been gaining considerable interests. These approaches are potentially very efficient to obtain more accurate predictions of process dynamics by combining mechanistic and neural models in such a way that the neural network model properly captures unknown and nonlinear parts of the mechanistic model. In this work, such an approach was applied in the modeling of a full-scale coke wastewater treatment process. First, a simplified mechanistic model was developed based on the Activated Sludge Model No.1 and the specific process knowledge, Then neural network was incorporated with the mechanistic model to compensate the errors between the mechanistic model and the process data. Simulation and actual process data showed that the hybrid modeling approach could predict accurate process dynamics of industrial wastewater treatment plant. The promising results indicated that the hybrid modeling approach could be a useful tool for accurate and cost-effective modeling of biochemical processes.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2000

코크스 오븐에서 석탄 건류과정 중에 발생하는 석탄 중심의 가스압 특성에 대한 장입탄 수분, 가열속도 및 일반탄 배합비의 영향을 조사하기 위해 이동벽이 있는 pilot 규모의 코크스 오븐(0.45mW$\times$0.1mH$\times$1.2mL)에서 석탄 건류 실험을 수행하였다. 석탄 중심에서의 가열속도가 상업용 코크스 오븐과 비슷한 건류조건에서 장입탄 수분을 감소시켰을 때, 수분 증발 이후 가열속도는 비슷하였으며, 건류 초기 수증기압은 크게 증가하였고, 석탄 중심에서의 가스압은 습탄에 비해 대략 2.5배 증가하였다. 석탄 중심에서의 가열속도가 상업용 코크스 오븐보다 훨씬 빠른 건류조건에서 장입탄 수분을 감소시켰을 때, 수분 증발 이후 가열속도는 크게 감소하였고, 건류 초기 수증기압은 크게 증가하였으며, 석탄중심에서의 가스압은 습탄에 비해 대략 2배 증가하였다. 석탄 가열속도가 상업용 오븐보다 빠른 건류조건에서 장입탄에 일반탄을 첨가하여 일반탄 배합비를 증가시켰을 때 배합탄 중심에서의 가스압은 현저히 감소하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2002

Processes in an iron ore sintering bed can characterized as a relatively uniform progress of fuel, cokes combustion and complicated physical change of solid particles. The sintering bed was modelled as an unsteady one-dimensional progress of the fuel layer, containing two phases: solid and gas. Coke added to the raw mix, of which the amount is about 3.5% of the total weight, was assumed to form a single particle with other components. Numerical simulations of the condition in the iron ore sintering bed were performed for various parameters: moisture contents, cokes contents and air suction rates, along with the various particle diameters of the solid for sensitivity analysis. Calculation results showed that the influence of these parameters on the bed condition should be carefully evaluated, in order to achieve self-sustaining combustion without high temperature section. The model should be extended to consider the bed structural change and multiple solid phase, which could treat the inerts and fuel particles separately.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.161-168
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• 2001

Sintering bed of iron ore in the steel making process is one of typical applications of solid fuel bed, which has relatively uniform progress of fuel and simple processes of combustion. The sintering bed was modelled as an unsteady one-dimensional progress of fuel layer containing the two phases of solid and gas. Cokes added to the raw mix of which the amount is about 3.5% of the total weight was assumed to form a single particle with other components. In the early predition results presented in this paper, the flame propagation within the bed was not sustained after the top surface of the bed was ignited with hot gas. It suggests that the model should be extended to consider the multiple solid phase, which can treat the ore particles and the coke particles separately.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.557-562
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• 1993

Following conclusions are made from the detalied research on the relation between the phase change of the petroleum raw cokes after ball milling and the preheat treatment temperature. The petroleum raw cokes species are preheated in the temperature range of 350~45$0^{\circ}C$. At the preheat treatment temperature of 40$0^{\circ}C$ the particles of petroleum raw cokes from ball milling become spheically shape with the almost uniform particle size distribution of 1~5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. At the same temperature, they became low-graphitized with the d0.02 X-ray diffraction index of 3.41$\AA$. The carbon material made from the petroleum raw cokes at 40$0^{\circ}C$ turned out to have the good modulus of rupture about 600kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, with the bulk density around 1.8g/㎤ and the appearent porosity around 8%.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 1997

The specimens which were prepared from cokes with additions of 0~25 wt% B4C were sintered in Ar atmosphere at 220$0^{\circ}C$. The effects of B4C content on graphitization and oxidation resistance of cokes were investigated. B4C accelerates the graphitization of cokes and at 220$0^{\circ}C$ the degree of graphitization increased from 0.33 which is the value of pure carbon to 0.56, which increased bluk density and porosity. Especially bending strength increased as th graphitization temperature increased. Oxidation resistance property was greatly improved when B4C was added more than 10wt% at 80$0^{\circ}C$ and when B4C was added more than 20wt% at 100$0^{\circ}C$. This was because that the thin layer of B2O3 glass phase on the surface of the composite could be identified to increase the oxidation resistance.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.234-243
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• 2006

Diesel autothermal reforming (ATR) is a chemical process to produce hydrogen for fuel cell applications. Several previous studies were carried out to identify technical issues in diesel reforming. It is hard to vaporize diesel due to its high boiling points. Liquid droplets of diesel result in inhomogeneous fuel mixing with other reactants such as $O_2\;and\;H_2O$, which leads to reduce the reforming efficiency and make undesired coke in reactor. To solve the fuel delivery issue, we applied an ultrasonic device as a fuel injection system. Ultrasonic injector (UI) remarkably enhanced the reforming efficiency. This paper will present the reforming results using UI. And we will discuss about atomization effects of diesel on autothermal reforming reaction.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.755-758
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• 2001

Most of the waste plastics are incinerated and landfilled now, leading to much environmental problems. The technology of injection into the blast furnace was developed as a useful recycling method of waste plastics, and applied to the actual operation in several ironmaking companies. We carried out the test operation to inject continuously the two kinds of waste plastics through four tuyeres of the Foundry blast furnace in POSCO by 130 ton of total amount. From this test operation, we analyzed the coke replacement ratio, the permeability, the heat load and other changes of furnace conditions with the injection of waste plastics into the blast furnace. Some trials based upon the theoretical approaches were applied to examine the efficiencies of blast furnace.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.70-77
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• 1997

표면연소버너의 모재 중 최근 많은 관심을 끌고 있는 금속섬유를 이용한 LPG 및 COG의 연소특성을 파악하였다. 연소모드, 매트 표면온도분포, 공해물질 배출량, 버너 전후단 압력 손실을 측정한 결과, COG 연소시가 더 넓은 범위의 적열영역을 얻을 수 있었고, 매트의 평균 표면온도도 높았다. NOx 발생량은 100ppm 이하였고, 연소부하 50kcal/$ extrm{cm}^2$hr에서의 매트 전후단의 압력손실은 30mmH2O로 압력손실은 거의 없었다. 적열범위나 표면온도분포 등이 가스별로 약간의 차이를 보였으나, 매트의 종류에 크게 상관없이 안정연소를 달성할 수 있어 가스 특성이 상이한 각종 가스의 연소에 표면연소기술의 적용이 가능할 것이다.

• Carbon letters
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.86-88
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• 2005

Mesoporous activated carbon (AC) was prepared from aged petroleum coke through chemical activation. The AC has a specific surface area of 1733 $m^2/g$ and a mean pore diameter of 2.37 nm. The volume fraction of 2 to 4nm pores is 56.74%. At a current density of 10 mA/$cm^2$, a specific capacitance of 240 F/g is achieved representing the use factor of the surface area of 69.2%. And the electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) based on the AC shows an excellent power performance. This result suggests that the presence of high fraction of mesopores can effectively increase the adsorption efficiency of the specific surface area of the AC and enhance the power performance of EDLC based on the efficient surface area of the AC.