• Educational Technology International
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-181
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• 2022

Scale scores for cognitive domains have been used as an important indicator for both academic achievement and clinical diagnosis. For example, in education, Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) has been used to measure student's capability in academic learning. In a clinical setting, Cognitive Impairment Screening Test utilizes items measuring cognitive ability as a dementia screening test. We demonstrated a procedure of generating cognitive ability test items similar as in CogAT but the theory associated with the generation is totally different. When creating cognitive test items, we applied automatic item generation (AIG) that reduces errors in predictions of cognitive ability but attains higher reliability. We selected two cognitive ability test items, categorized as a time estimation item for measuring quantitative reasoning and a paper-folding item for measuring visualization. As CogAT has widely used as a cognitive measurement test, developing an AIG-based cognitive test items will greatly contribute to education field. Since CLASS is the only LMS including AIG technology, we used it for the AIG software to construct item models. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the item generation process using AIG implemented within CLASS, along with proving quantitative and qualitative strengths of AIG. In result, we confirmed that more than 10,000 items could be made by a single item model in the quantitative aspect and the validity of items could be assured by the procedure based on ECD and AE in the qualitative aspect. This reliable item generation process based on item models would be the key of developing accurate cognitive measurement tests.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.22
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• pp.245-276
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• 1995

This study analyzed the process of information service and its factors in the cognitive viewpoint. And developed a conceptual model to help in developing future information systems and services. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1) The paradigm of information user study is changing from the system-centered to the user-centered one. 2) The researchers describe the user's internal cognitive process as the starting point of the information service. 3) The user's personal cognitive process influence the process of the information service over. And the focus is a microscopic one including the factors of the perception and recognition of the stimulus, remembering and searching information, reasoning the rules, recognition of the patterns, formalization of the concepts, etc. 4) The information librarian performs the role as a knowledge/ information system interface, and his knowledge structure reflects the organization of that knowledge/information system. 5) The information librarians can perform their role as information specialists actively and offensively. And the performance of the librarians can be measured on the scales of the su n.0, pplying capability of relevant information and the client satisfaction.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.43-55
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• 2008

This study investigates how learners extract their implicit knowledge into explicit form of the knowledge. The process of implicit-explicit transfer is known to help learners to reconstruct and refine their knowledge which was constructed before in some ways. Also we investigate which types of explicit form are more effective when it is delivered to other learners. In a classroom-based learning environment, students take educational content that is delivered by instructor and go through the process in which they try to fit the content into their cognitive structure by reconstructing the knowledge into their cognitive model. When they try to deliver their own cognitive model for the knowledge to other learners, they have to transform it into explicit form, and through the process, they reconstruct and refine the cognitive model of the knowledge, and find effective and appropriate way to express it. In this research, we experimented the process on a group of 77 college students and analyzed the results. We also did peer evaluated experiments to see which types of explicit format and factors are more effective than others. The results indicate that the types of explicit form of implicit knowledge play an important role in effectiveness of learning.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.467-481
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• 1996

An integrated framework of modeling the human operator cognitive behavior during nuclear power plant accident scenarios is presented. It incorporates both plant and operator models. The basic structure of the operator model is similar to that of existing cognitive models, however, this model differs from those existing ones largely in too aspects. First, using frame and membership function, the pattern matching behavior, which is identified as the dominant cognitive process of operators responding to an accident sequence, is explicitly implemented in this model. Second, the non-task-related human cognitive activities like effect of stress and cognitive biases such as confirmation bias and availability bias, are also considered. A computer code, OPEC is assembled to simulate this framework and is actually applied to an SGTR sequence, and the resultant simulated behaviors of operator are obtained.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 1998

This study investigated the influences of applying the Cognitive Conflict Process Model (the Procedural Teaching Model using Cognitive Conflict Strategy: Kwon, 1989) upon students' achievement and attitudes in a middle school science concept instruction. For the treatment group, science instruction to apply the Cognitive Conflict Process Model was used. For the control group, traditional instruction was used. Prior to instruction, students' pre-conceptions test and attitudes test related to the science were administered. After instruction, the above two tests and the regular examinations were measured. Also students' perceptions of their teacher's new teaching style was investigated by questionnaire. But, above all, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the principal accompanying matters of general application of the teaching model to science concept instruction rather than conceptual and attitudinal change. Therefore, this study identified necessary conditions of applying the teaching model to science instruction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.349-354
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• 1996

SACOM(Simulation Analyser with Cognitive Operator Model) is being developed at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute to simulate human operator's cognitive characteristics during the emergency situations of nuclear power plans. An operator model with error mechanisms has been developed and combined into SACOM to simulate human operator's cognitive information process based on the Rasmussen's decision ladder model. The operational logic for five different cognitive activities (Agents), operator's attentional control (Controller), short-term memory (Blackboard), and long-term memory (Knowledge Base) have been developed and implemented on blackboard architecture. A trial simulation with a scenario for emergency operation has been performed to verify the operational logic. It was found that the operator model with error mechanisms is suitable for the simulation of operator's cognitive behavior in emergency situation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.360-374
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• 2003

The idea that students must experience cognitive conflict before conceptual change can occur is not new. In light of this idea, many teaching strategies have been applied in educational practices. However, there is not much literature about how students are experiencing cognitive conflict, how this experience affects students learning processes, and how we use that knowledge to improve our science instruction. This study aimed to propose possible answers about these questions. In this paper, we conducted the first question as a first part of our research. To do this, we reviewed related literature and analyzed protocols that were produced in previous studies. As a result, a model of cognitive conflict was developed. This study's findings may lead to further understanding and use of students' cognitive conflict, which has a complex role in science instruction.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2012

Cognitive Radio(CR) is the technology that allocates the frequency by using dynamic spectrum access. We proposed a model to calculate the optimal level of the cognitive radiotelegraph, where secondary users opportunistically share the spectrum with primary users through the spectrum sensing. When secondary user with cognitive radio detects the arrival of a primary user in its current channel, the secondary user moves to the idle channel or be placed in the virtual queue. We assume that the primary users have finite buffers and the population of secondary users is finite. Using a two-dimensional Makov model with preemptive priority queueing, we could derive the blocking and waiting probability as well as the optimal level of cognitive radiotelegraph under a various range of parameter circumstances.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 2024

Purpose: Despite significant research on decision-making, researchers struggle to comprehend the decision-making process. This paper aims to not only examine the relationship between problem-solving skills, cognitive competency, and decision-making but also develop measurement instruments for cognitive competency and problem-solving skills to better model decision-making. Research Design, Methodology and Approach: A cross-sectional study was conducted by surveying 292 university students in HCM City, Vietnam, via email sent randomly by Google Forms. This study identifies the conceptual framework and tests the hypotheses using a deductive approach. The SPSS program was used to evaluate the scales' reliability, and the SmartPLS program was used to assess the measurement and structural models. Results: The results show that the research model better modelled the relationship between problem-solving skills, cognitive competency, and decision-making. Although thinking ability has no direct impact on decision-making, both creativity and problem-solving skills have a positive impact on decision-making. The mediating role of problem-solving skills is also determined by the positive relationship between cognitive competency and decision-making. Conclusions: This study highlights decision-making efficiency through the cognitive process from low to high levels and provides for policymakers and managers to explain the decision-making process in a variety of sectors, such as distribution chains, marketing, and human resource distribution.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.11A
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• pp.1096-1105
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a solution on interference problem of MB-OFDM UWB system using cognitive radio. We use interference temperature model of cognitive radio that has proposed by FCC for estimating interference signal. Calculating channel capacity of MB-OFDM UWB system with interference temperature, we suggest how to solve interference problem. We have used genetic algorithm in cognitive engine's calculation process. The proposed MB-OFDM UWB System with cognitive radio shows very efficient in solving interference problem.