• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

Purpose - Goal setting is effective in any domain in which an individual or group has some control over the outcomes. It applies not only to work tasks but also to sports and health, and in various other settings. Its success depends on considering the mediators and moderators determining its efficacy and applicability. This study investigates the individual factors influencing academic goal attainability. Unlike previous studies, we focused on the effect of the relationships between individual traits (passion, tenacity, self-control) and specific motivation (vision, self-efficacy, implementation intentions) with academic goal attainability, rather than the effects of the relationship between commitment and the goal shielding mechanism with goal attainability. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collected through questionnaires were analyzed by the SPSS program. A total of 293 school students, who participated in the TOEIC program, participated in the survey. Slightly more than half were female (male: n=145 vs. female: n=148). We verified nine hypotheses through various statistical methods (reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model for the hypothesis test, bootstrapping test for the mediation test). Results - Data was analyzed in three phases. The first phase involved measurement analysis (i.e., item purification and factor structure confirmation), involving the scales of the three variables of individual traits, three mechanism variables, and goal attainability. The second phase involved estimating the proposed structural relationships among the key constructs (see Figure 1), using the results to test H1 to H9. The final phase involved examining the mediating effects of the three variables (vision, implementation intention, and self-efficacy). The research model shows that the independent variable passion has a significant result with both the mediators-vision and self-efficacy. Further, vision and self-efficacy significantly affect goal attainability. The second variable, self-control, shows a significant effect when mediated by implementation intentions, but the direct relationship between implementation intension and goal attainability shows an insignificant result. However, when further mediated by self-efficacy, it showed a significant effect between self-efficacy and goal attainability. Similarly, the third variable, tenacity, shows an insignificant result when mediated by vision. In contrast, the mediator self-efficacy shows a positive effect between tenacity and goal attainability. Conclusions - This study shows how these individual traits, when mediated with the appropriate motivational factors, resulted significantly in the attainability of academic goals. We may identify several theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, we developed a step further in the research into consumer goals and related studies. Future research could examine the effects of different learning goal types and their combinations with performance goals (e.g., learning goals first, then performance goals), different types of goal framing (approach success vs. avoid failure), the relation between goals and cognition (which, by implication, entails all of cognitive psychology), goal hierarchies, and macro goal studies with organizations of different sizes. More studies on the relationship between conscious and subconscious goals would also be valuable.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-70
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• 2010

In this study, we examined distribution channel relationship by using the idea of Cheong, which is a unique feeling an positive role in Korean society. Companies make great efforts to maintain long-term relationship with buyers. Understanding distinctive relationship system of each culture should precede these efforts to bring effective results. So we considered how Cheong, a meaningful factor in Korean distribution channel, affects relationship quality and performance. As a result of research analysis from 272 survey questionnaires of retailers, engaging in Crops Protected Material industry in Korea, supplier's idiosyncratic investment, retailer's Cheong, and dependence of retailers on suppliers have positive effects on relationship quality. Supplier's idiosyncratic investment and cognitive factors have the highest influence and Cheong, an emotional factor, follows. Dependence, a motivational factor has the least influence. We confirmed that retailer's cooperation and long-term orientation are directly influenced by retailer's commitment. Active cooperation of the retailer, a partner of a distribution channel, is regarded as an essential factor for supplier's effective business. Retailer's commitment increased that cooperation. Retailer's trust and commitment also decreased relationship conflicts. The results of this study imply that companies should increase idiosyncratic investment to improve relationship quality. But increasing idiosyncratic investment is limited because it requires monetary investment. Therefore companies need to recognize the importance of Cheong, revealed as a new factor, improving relationship quality and to make the best use of it. In this study, we contributed theoretically by examining the role of Cheong, and introducing its distribution discipline. We also make practical suggestions about supplier's relationship management.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.693-701
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• 2014

Based on social cognitive theory, self-efficacy in the context of learning has been steadily emphasized as an indicator of students' motivation and performance. The premise for developing such an instrument was that a specific measure of Physics self-efficacy was deemed to be an important predictor of the change processes necessary to improve students' physics understanding. In this study we described the process of developing and validating an instrument to measure students' beliefs in their abilities to perform essential tasks in physics and then investigated high school students' self-efficacy about physics learning and performance. Validity and reliability of PSEI were tested using various statistical techniques including the Cronbach alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis. The result of factor analysis supported the contention that the Physics Self-Efficacy Inventory (PSEI) was a multidimensional construct consisting of at least four dimensions: understanding and application of Physics concepts, achievement motivation, confidence for physics laboratory, confidence for Mathematics. The result showed that Kroean high schools students have low Physics self-efficacy for the all four dimensions. Therefore, researchers should focus on development of students' Physics self-efficacy. In addition, the instrument may lead to further understanding of student behavior, which in turn can facilitate the development of strategies that may increase students' aspiration to understand and study Physics. More specifically, by using the PSEI as a pre- and post-test indicator, instructors can gain insight into whether students' confidence levels increase as they engage in learning Physics, and, in addition, what type of teaching strategies are most effective in building deeper understanding of Physics concepts.where they freely exchanged opinions and feedback for constructing better collective ideas.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.357-370
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• 2011

Using strategy group theory, this thesis reviewed the status of program providers analysis and the performances it has made so far, and sought measures to improve its limitations. The constraint of program providers analysis based on existing concept of strategy group is that the strategy group was derived from the statistics, and therefore only applied the characteristics of program provider's channels to the analysis, on account of which a systematic and sophisticated classification as well as generalization of strategy or strategy group were hard to obtain. Moreover, the PP strategy variables used to be selected at the firm level and business level, and in relation with resource and competition scope. In future, more appropriate procedure should be followed to obtain objectivity in selecting variables to avoid controversy over intentionality. The measures in this thesis to improve the study of PP strategy group can be summarized as follows: firstly analysis of variables for strategy group classification should be made to single out key variables which are to be classification criteria. Secondly, variables are to be cross-checked by industry experts to increase generalizability. Thirdly, proxy variables should be sublated, and strategy group model which enables the reflection of subsistent properties of PP industry, and the cognitive perception of the executives(CEO) needs to be established. Fourthly, the concepts of mobility barrier and isolating mechanism should be applied to the classification criteria of strategy group to reveal the gap of performance between different strategy groups. Lastly, chronicle study on PP strategy group should be done to perceive the dynamic changes of PP strategy group.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2008

This study investigated the effect of 40% oxygen administration on the addition task performance in three levels of difficulties and physiological signals. Ten male and female college students were selected as the subjects for this study. The experiment consisted of two runs: one was a addition task, with normal air (21% oxygen) administered and the other was with hyperoxic air (40% oxygen) administered. The experimental sequence in each run consisted of Rest1 (3 min), Task1 (1 min, one digit addition task), Task2 (1 min, two digit addition task), Task3 (1 min, three digit addition task), and Rest2 (4 min). Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured throughout the five phases. The accuracy rates of the addition task were enhanced with 40% oxygen administration compared to 21% oxygen. Difference in the accuracy rates grew higher with the rise of difficulty. When 40% concentration oxygen is supplied, blood oxygen saturation increased and heart rate was decreased comparing to 21%. This study showed that the supply of high concentration oxygen increases blood oxygen saturation, which in turns accelerates brain activation resulting from cognitive process and enhances arithmetic abilities. Particularly when difficulty is high, demand for oxygen increases and, as a result, the effect of high concentration oxygen becomes more significant.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.26
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• pp.27-60
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• 2008

Researches on the introduction of ERP system kept on examining the critical successful factors (CSFs) that focus on factors to achieve effectively successful projects, and trying to measuring the actual effectiveness of the introduction of ERP system. However, most of the preceding researches on the effectiveness of the introduction of ERP system that was searching devoted effects has been ceased, and actually even researches on the economical results have just done the basic cognitive evaluation of result indicators by many questionnaires instead of objective measuring values, because of the difficulty of measuring the evaluation of the result. Moreover, researches on positive effects of the introduction of ERP on enterprise results and researches that failed to give advantageous effects showed different results each other. And a part of researches reported that only a part of result indicators were partially affected. In this research, we investigated Korean large enterprises or middle-sized enterprises in manufacture industry that introduces SAP R/3 and Oracle package to compare their quantitative financial results after the introduction of ERP system, in order to measure the effects of the ERP system. First, we evaluated the difference of the quantitative financial results before and after the introduction of the ERP system. Second, we evaluated the opportunities shown by the effects after the introduction of the ERP system. Third, we removed the sample of the exchange crisis (IMF) and executed the additional analysis to reflect the average increasing and decreasing rate in the industry, so that pure evaluation can be achieved. Inherent limits of precedent researches are removed and practical effects of the pure introduction of the ERP system are evaluated, so the research of this research is significant. The result of this research is as follows. Because of the introduction of ERP, the rate of turnover of inventory property has increased and sales of preparation inventory property have decreased so that more effective inventory property management has been achieved. Moreover, preparation sales of labor costs and preparation sales of the number of employees have decreased to show the effect of the reduction of labor costs. However, it could no be concluded that we could increase the profit due to the introduction of ERP system. Due to the introduction of ERP, although we concluded that the return on assets (ROA) and the additional value of one-person employee statistically showed obvious differences and increased, the return on equity failed to show obvious differences after the process of introduction of ERP.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 2016

This study examines the sustaining power of program effects of Reading Comprehensive Strategy Program, for underachieving gifted students in middle schools, which was developed and applied by Choi(2015). The study was a kind of follow up study of Choi(2015) as this study traced and collected all data from the same samples that Choi(2015) used since Choi(2015) stopped his program and data collection from 31 participants for 9 to 12 months. As the results, Among 11 subjects, who overcome underachievement through Choi(2015)'s Reading Comprehensive Strategy Program, 5 subjects could consistently maintained their performance level. However, 3 subjects could not maintain their performance and went back to the underachieving level, and another 3 showed instability as they went up and down around the border line. And among 20 subjects, who could not help the underachieving level through Choi(2015)'s program, 5 subjects could reach the achieving level. But 15 subjects still remained in their underachieving level. In conclusion, we may say that at least 16.1%(5 among 31) of underachieving gifed students could overcome their underachiving issue by Choi(2015)'s program even in the most pessimistic view, and 51.6%(16 amoung 3) in the most optimistic view. After all, at least about 50% cases could not be explained only by cognitive factors such as absence of reading comprehensive strategy. We suggest that we should handle the underachieving issues of gifted students by more comprehensive approaches.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.9-23
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• 2015

A lane change maneuver which has a high driver cognitive workload and skills sometimes leads to severe traffic accidents. In this study, the Advanced Lane Change Assist System (ALCAS) was developed to assist with the automatic lane changes in merging sections which is mainly based on an automatic control algorithm for detecting an available gap, determining the Optimal Lane Change Start Point (OLCSP) in various traffic conditions, and positioning the merging vehicle at the OLCSP safely by longitudinal automatic controlling. The analysis of lane change behavior and modeling of fundamental lane change feature were performed for determining the default parameters and the boundary conditions of the algorithm. The algorithm was composed of six steps with closed-loop. In order to confirm the algorithm performance, numerical scenario tests were performed in various surrounding vehicles conditions. Moreover, feasibility of the developed system was verified in microscopic traffic simulation(VISSIM 5.3 version). The results showed that merging vehicles using the system had a tendency to find the OLCSP readily and precisely, so improved merging performance was observed when the system was applied. The system is also effective even during increases in vehicle volume of the mainline.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2014

In the current study, it is suggested that when two emotions are presented through cross-modality, such as auditory and visual, incongruence will influence arousal, recognition, and recall of subjects. The first hypothesis is that incongruent cross-modality does not only increase arousal more than the congruent, but it also increases recall and recognition more than congruent. The second hypothesis is that arousal modulates recall and recognition of subjects. To demonstrate the two hypotheses, our experiment's conditions were manipulated to be congruent and incongruent by presenting positive or negative emotions, visually and acoustically. For dependent variables, we measured recall rate and recognition rates. and arousal was measured by PAD (pleasure-arousal-dominance) scales. After eight days, only recognition was measured repeatedly online. As a result, our behavioral experiment showed that there was a significant difference between arousal before watching a movie clip and after (p<.001), but no difference between the congruent condition and incongruent condition. Also, there was no significant difference between recognition performance in the congruent condition and incongruent condition, but there was a main effect of the clips' emotions. Interestingly after analyzing recognition rates separately depending on clips' emotions, there was a significant difference between congruent and incongruent conditions in the only negative clip (p= .044), not in the positive clip. In a detailed result, recognition in the incongruent condition is more than in the congruent condition. Furthermore, in the case of recall performance, there was a significant interaction between the clips' emotions shown in the clips and congruent conditions (p=.039). Through these results, the effect of incongruence with negative emotion was demonstrated, but an incongruent effect by arousal could not be demonstrated. In conclusion, in our study, we tried to determine the impact of one method to convey a story dramatically and have an effect on memory. These effects are influenced by the subjects' perceived emotions (valence and arousal).

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Objective : This study conducted a preliminary study to develop a occupational therapy model focused on improving living functions within the community care system. Methods : From June to July, 2018, the literature on community care was researched, focusing on cases of Japan's Management Tool for Daily Life Performance (MTDLP), Sweden, United Kingdom, Germany and domestic S Elderly Care Centers and I Health Centers. Based on this information, a group of experts developed a occupational therapy model within the community care system. Results : Assessment tools such as occupation-based health promotional table, interest checklist, occupational goals for improving living functions, sheet for evaluation of living functions, survey of daily life time (weekday and weekend), and sheet for transition of living functions were developed to conduct evaluation for occupational therapy. The improving living functions program, analysis of activities based on ICF model, lifestyle redesign program, cognitive exercise therapy, the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT), hospice, and home modification were also organized interventions already in place by occupational therapists. Conclusion : This study showed specific measures and models for the implementation of occupational therapy within community care systems. Occupational therapy is positioned as a specialized area that is essential to the client, and we look forward to the use of this model.