• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1309-1321
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• 2011

Clothes for a 3 to 6 year-old toddler should be made in consideration of their behavioral characteristics since it is when the physical ability of toddlers has rapidly developed and their social, emotional, and cognitive development are increasingly active. Indoor clothes are the item that consumers prefer because they provide the function of outside underwear when functioning as outerwear when indoors that is used frequently for toddlers. We analyzed the wearing condition and the uncomfortable aspects of toddler's clothes worn indoors through consumer surveys of toddler wear. This study gathers data for the development of indoor clothing that is useful for 3-6 year old toddlers. Consumer surveys indicate that the clothes most worn indoors were underwear (69.4%). The most important aspect in the selection of indoor clothes was the suitability for activities (29%). The preferred colors for indoor clothes were found to be pastel-tone colors (66%). Regarding the uncomfortable aspects of indoor clothes, knees of the clothes (36.8%) have the most naps and the breast of the clothes (37.8%) dirty quickly. Knee parts (35.4%) become worn easily; in addition, the material for the knee area is likely to have naps and require special functions. In conclusion, designing toddler clothing requires elaborated design techniques that consider the characteristics of the subject group and reduce inconveniences. This study will serve as preliminary data to develop ultimate products that have the functionality to meet gender behavior characteristics and the aesthetics for toddlers 3 to 6 years of age.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.173-186
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to know dysfunctions degree, daily living activity, depression and quality of life among stroke elderly person; and to know what kind of factors affecting to quality of life of the stroke elderly person; after that provide a fundamental data to nursing arbitration plan about increase height quality of life of the stroke elderly person. The study subjects were collected 119 people, over than 60 age, who were diagnosed with stoke in D hospital, living in B city. The data was collected by using personal interviews and questionnaire, from Nov 2008 to Jan 2009. The questionnaire were Pre-Stroke MRDS(Modified Rankin Disability Scale), Barthel-ADL(Activities of Daily Living), K-IADL(Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), GDS-15(Geriatric Depression Scale-15-question form) methods. The pre-stroke MRDS was appeared a functional obstacle. The mean score of activity of daily living was 18.24 which showed the subjects were mildly disabled, the score of instrumental activities of daily living was 7.94 which showed the mildly abled, and score of depressiveness was 7.41 which showed the subjects were mildly depression. There was a significantly correlation among MRDS, ADL, IADL, depressiveness and quality of life. Through these study result, important to check the old subjects' depressiveness, cognitive functions, daily living abilities, dysfunctions degree to main tain their quality of life.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.30-46
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• 2020

This research aimed (1) to study and analyze the ability of current information retrieval (IR) systems based on views of information behavior (IB), and (2) to propose a conceptual framework for an IB model based on the collaboration between the system and user, with the intent of developing an IR system that can apply intelligent techniques to enhance system efficiency. The methods in this study consisted of (1) document analysis which included studying the characteristics and efficiencies of the current IR systems and studying the IB models in the digital environment, and (2) implementation of the Delphi technique through an indepth interview method with experts. The research results were presented in three main parts. First, the IB model was categorized into eight stages, different from traditional IB, in the digital environment, which can correspond to all behaviors and be applied to with an IR system. Second, insufficient functions and log file storage hinder the system from effectively understanding and accommodating user behavior in the digital environment. Last, the proposed conceptual framework illustrated that there are stages that can add intelligent techniques to the IR system based on the collaboration perspective between the user and system to boost the users' cognitive ability and make the IR system more user-friendly. Importantly, the conceptual framework for the IB model based on the collaboration perspective between the user and system for IR assisted the ability of information systems to learn, recognize, and comprehend human IB according to individual characteristics, leading to enhancement of interaction between the system and users.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2017

Background: The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease is growing worldwide, and the proportion of patients requiring dental treatment under general anesthesia increases with increasing severity of the disease. However, outpatient anesthesia management for these patients involves great risks, as most patients with Alzheimer's disease are old and may show reduced cardiopulmonary functions and have cognitive disorders. Methods: This study retrospectively investigated 43 patients with Alzheimer's disease who received outpatient anesthesia for dental treatment between 2012-2017. Pre-anesthesia patient evaluation, dental treatment details, anesthetics dose, blood pressure, duration and procedure of anesthesia, and post-recovery management were analyzed and compared between patients who underwent general anesthesia or intravenous sedation. Results: Mean age of patients was about 70 years; mean duration of Alzheimer's disease since diagnosis was 6.3 years. Severity was assessed using the global deterioration scale; 62.8% of patients were in level ${\geq}6$. Mean duration of anesthesia was 178 minutes for general anesthesia and 85 minutes for intravenous sedation. Mean recovery time was 65 minutes. Eleven patients underwent intravenous sedation using propofol, and 22/32 cases involved total intravenous anesthesia using propofol and remifentanil. Anesthesia was maintained with desflurane for other patients. While maintaining anesthesia, inotropic and atropine were used for eight and four patients, respectively. No patient developed postoperative delirium. All patients were discharged without complications. Conclusion: With appropriate anesthetic management, outpatient anesthesia was successfully performed without complications for dental treatment for patients with severe Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.512-527
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• 2018

This review provides a comprehensive overview of brain imaging studies of the brain-gut interaction in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Functional neuroimaging studies during gut stimulation have shown enhanced brain responses in regions related to sensory processing of the homeostatic condition of the gut (homeostatic afferent) and responses to salience stimuli (salience network), as well as increased and decreased brain activity in the emotional response areas and reduced activation in areas associated with the top-down modulation of visceral afferent signals. Altered central regulation of the endocrine and autonomic nervous responses, the key mediators of the brain-gut axis, has been demonstrated. Studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging reported abnormal local and global connectivity in the areas related to pain processing and the default mode network (a physiological baseline of brain activity at rest associated with self-awareness and memory) in FGIDs. Structural imaging with brain morphometry and diffusion imaging demonstrated altered gray- and white-matter structures in areas that also showed changes in functional imaging studies, although this requires replication. Molecular imaging by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography in FGIDs remains relatively sparse. Progress using analytical methods such as machine learning algorithms may shift neuroimaging studies from brain mapping to predicting clinical outcomes. Because several factors contribute to the pathophysiology of FGIDs and because its population is quite heterogeneous, a new model is needed in future studies to assess the importance of the factors and brain functions that are responsible for an optimal homeostatic state.

• 한국어교육
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.53-82
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• 2014

This study aims to find the method to promote interaction in L2 classrooms. Active interaction between learner-to-learner and learner-to-teacher in L2 classroom plays an important role in language acquisition. In light of this, L2 classroom would benefit with the help of learning tools such as Clickers which helps learners to express their level of understanding during the process of learning itself. This is because the anonymity of Clickers allows learners to express their needs without the social risks associated with speaking up in the class. It allows for an evaluative feedback loop where both learners and teachers understand the level of progress of the learners, better enabling classrooms to adapt to the learners' needs. Eventually this tool promotes participation from learners, This is in turn, believed to be effective in fostering classroom interaction, allowing learning to take place in a more comfortable yet vibrant way. This study is finalized by presenting the result of an experiment conducted to verify the effectiveness of this approach when teaching pragmatic aspect of the Korean expressions with similar semantic functions. As a result of the research, the learning achievement of learners in the experimental group was found higher than the learners' in a control group. Analyzing the data collected from a questionnaire given to the learners, the study presented data suggesting that this approach increased the scope of interactivity in the classroom, thus enhancing more active participation among learners. This active participation in turn led to a marked improvement in their communicative abilities.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2018

뇌파 정보는 분자 단계에서 행동 및 인지 단계에 이르기까지 생성된 정보의 양이 방대하며, 개인의 고유한 프라이버시영역을 나타내는 중요한 정보로 활용되고 있다. 이에, 뇌파정보의 다양한 정보를 통합하고 뇌파정보를 보호할 수 있는 프레임워크를 제시한다. 제안된 시스템은 전자정부 프레임워크 서버 시스템에 보안기능을 강화한 프레임워크로써, 메타데이터를 활용한 의존성 낮은 웹 애플리케이션 서버 시스템이다. 서버 구축을 위해 스프링 플랫폼의 MVC(Model, Vew And Control)프레임워크 웹 기반 환경에 스프링 시큐리티를 적용한다. 본 시스템은 강력한 보안시스템을 탑재한 독립적이고 경량화된 서버시스템으로 분석된 뇌파 정보를 확인할 수 있다. 이로 인해, 뇌파정보의 웹서비스 보안성을 높이고, 뇌파정보의 프라이버시 보호가 가능하다. 또한, 치매환자나 뇌인지 정보가 요구되는 경우 본 연구를 통해 원격의 실시간 확인 및 분석이 가능하다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2019

게임 세대인 대학생들은 이전세대들과 인지적 특성이 달라서 강의와 같은 기존교육방법에서 주의집중력이 떨어지는 현상들이 전반적으로 나타나고 있다. 이로 인해 대학교육의 만족도가 떨어지는 문제가 발생한다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해, 게임을 이용한 교육방법으로 학생들의 흥미 유발과 집중력을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 대체현실게임을 이용한 대학교육방법에 대하여 제안하였다. 제안하는 교육방법이 대학 교육 환경에 적합한지 그리고 실제 운용가능한지를 검증하기 위하여 프로토타입을 구현하여 테스트하였다. 테스트 결과를 통해, 제안하는 교육방법이 대학교육현장의 요구사항들을 만족하고 필수기능들의 정상작동여부도 확인하였다. 또한 학생들을 대상으로 한 설문조사의 결과에 의하면 제안한 대체현실게임 기반 교육방법이 현 교육방법보다 학생에게 흥미유발과 집중력 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 나타났다.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.5-18
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• 2019

Purpose: Frailty is associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. We aimed to review the relationships between frailty and health outcomes in community-dwelling Korean elderly individuals. Methods: Whittemore and Knafls' framework for conducting integrative reviews was used. PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and six Korean databases were searched. For analysis, the study included articles written in English and Korean published between January 1960 and June 2018. Of the total 1,488 studies found in the databases, we analyzed 15 studies that met the quality of the evaluation criteria. Results: The prevalence of frailty in Korean elderly individuals ranged from 6.5% to 11.7% when divided into three levels of frailty. The health outcomes assessed in relation to frailty were divided into five domains: quality of life, physical health, psychosocial health, health behavior, and health care quality. Frailty was negatively associated with all five domains. Conclusions: Our study suggested that nurses should be aware of the limitations in the physical and cognitive functions of frail elderly individuals and provide tailored interventions for Korean elderly individuals. Furthermore, a large-scale study is needed to develop the Korean model of the frailty assessment tool and to verify the conceptual model of this study.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.44.1-44.9
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• 2021

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, the prevalence of which has increased drastically in India in recent years. Neuroligin is a type I transmembrane protein that plays a crucial role in synaptogenesis. Alterations in synaptic genes are most commonly implicated in autism and other cognitive disorders. The present study investigated the neuroligin 3 gene in the Indian autistic population by sequencing and in silico pathogenicity prediction of molecular changes. In total, 108 clinically described individuals with autism were included from the North Karnataka region of India, along with 150 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and exonic regions were sequenced. The functional and structural effects of variants of the neuroligin 3 protein were predicted. One coding sequence variant (a missense variant) and four non-coding variants (two 5'-untranslated region [UTR] variants and two 3'-UTR variants) were recorded. The novel missense variant was found in 25% of the autistic population. The C/C genotype of c.551T>C was significantly more common in autistic children than in controls (p = 0.001), and a significantly increased risk of autism (24.7-fold) was associated with this genotype (p = 0.001). The missense variant showed pathogenic effects and high evolutionary conservation over the functions of the neuroligin 3 protein. In the present study, we reported a novel missense variant, V184A, which causes abnormal neuroligin 3 and was found with high frequency in the Indian autistic population. Therefore, neuroligin is a candidate gene for future molecular investigations and functional analysis in the Indian autistic population.