• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1600-1606
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• 2022

Objective: This study was to compares and analyzes programs applied to improve cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia in the community to find out their effectiveness. Methods: In this study, 12 papers were finalized by searching for "elderly", "cognitive", "community", and "program" using the database of the Research Information System (RISS), National Assembly Library, and Korean Studies Information (KISS). Results: Programs for cognitive function were in the order of cognitive stimulation program, arts and crafts, and exercise program. In the program, rather than applying the cognitive stimulation program alone, the program was operated by combining leisure or exercise, music, art, and handicraft. The time was shown to be 30 minutes. The most frequently used evaluation tool was MMSE, followed by GDS and BBS. By cognitive domain, cognitive stimulation program and memory, satisfaction in psychology, and balance ability in exercise were evaluated the most. In the cognitive area, various cognitive stimulation areas were included, and in the exercise area, basic exercise, muscle strength exercise, joint exercise, and balance exercise were applied. Conclusion: Therefore, developing a program to improve cognitive function for mild cognitive impairment, it will be possible to prepare guidelines to establish and development.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality program application on cognition and depression of patients with mild cognitive impairment, and to find an intervention method that can enhance active participation of patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods : In this study, 50 mild cognitive impairment patients were divided into a treatment group (25 patients) and a control group (25 patients). The treatment group was applied with a transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program, while the control group received a placebo transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program. Both groups received five 50-minute sessions per week (one session per day) for six weeks (total of 30 sessions). NCSE was used to evaluate the cognitive functions of the patients before and after treatment intervention. Moreover, K-BDI was conducted to examine the depression of the patients. Results : As a result of the transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program intervention, the cognitive function of both treatment and control group significantly (p<.05) improved, and the depression of both treatment and control group significantly (p<.05) decreased. Moreover, the changes in cognitive functions and depression were significant between the two groups¸ treatment and control group (p<.05). Conclusion : The results of the study showed that the application of the transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality program significantly improved the cognitive function of mild cognitive impairment patients and decreased the depression of them. Therefore, it could be concluded that the transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality program was an intervention method which positively affects the cognitive function and depression of mild cognitive impairment patients.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a community-based cognitive stimulation program on cognitive function and subjective memory in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. This study was applied by selecting 15 users who understood the purpose of this study and agreed to participate in the shelter program for more than 3 months from April 2019 to August 2019 at the D Dementia Center in G located, Gyeonggi-do. The program consisted of a total of 36 cognitive stimulation programs 3 times a week a total of 3 months. Cognitive stimulation program stimulates cognitive function through various activities such as orientation reinforcement, cognitive training, recall, music, art, and physical play, and is used for the purpose of improving social function. It consists of folk songs, percussion instruments, national gymnastics, dance, games, and traditional games. As a result of the cognitive stimulation program, the average cognitive function increased by 2.13 points from 26.33 points before implementation to 28.46 points after implementation, and a statistically significant result was obtained (p=0.000). Subjective memory decreased by 3.53 points from the average of 7.13 points before the cognitive stimulation program was implemented to 3.60 points after the implementation, and a statistically significant result was obtained (p=0.000). It can be confirmed that this works. Dementia is leading to a cost burden, and congnitive function decreases the aqulity of life. It brings various burdens. It is necessary to study cognitive stimulation programs applied to various environments in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

Purpose : This study evaluated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program on the depression, hand functions, cognitive function, and activities of daily living of patients with mild cognitive impairment by dividing 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment and depression. The 20 patients were divided into a treatment group (transcranial direct current stimulation + a virtual reality program) and a control group (placebo transcranial direct current stimulation + a placebo virtual reality program). Methods : This study allocated ten subjects to the treatment group and ten subjects to the control group. The treatment was given five times per week for six weeks (30 sessions), and each session was 30 minutes. This study screened depression by using SGDS-K, a short geriatric depression scale, to examine depression before and after treatment intervention. This study also used the box and block test, NCSE, and FIM to evaluate hand functions, cognitive function, and activities of daily living, respectively. Results : The results showed that depression significantly decreased, hand functions significantly increased, cognitive function significantly improved, and activities of daily living significantly increased after intervention in the treatment and control groups. The magnitude of changes in depression, hand functions, cognitive function, and activities of daily living was significantly different between the two groups after intervention (p>.05). Conclusion : The results showed that the application of transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program could improve cognitive function, hand functions, and activities of daily living by decreasing depression. Therefore, it can be concluded that the simultaneous application of transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program is an intervention method, which can be applied for decreasing depression, enhancing hand functions, improving cognitive function, and increasing activities of daily living in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.239-250
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 2-week somatosensory stimulation program on cognitive function and ADL of patients with brain damage. Methods: The sample consisted of two groups of patients with stroke: 10 patients with a mean age of 59.0 years who were treated with somatosensory stimulation, and 9 patients with a mean age of 51.78 years, who were not treated with somatosensory intervention. A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used to assess the functional recovery after stroke. Instruments used in this study were MMSE-K for cognitive function and FIM for ADL. Results: The hypothesis 1 that "Patients with stroke who were treated with the somatosensory stimulation program will show higher MMSE-K score than that of the non-treatment group" was supported(Z = -2.390, p = .017). The hypothesis 2 that "Patients with stroke who were treated with the somatosensory stimulation program will show higher FIM score than that of the non-treatment group", however, was partially supported(social cognition: Z = -2.204, p = .045). Conclusion: Somatosensory stimulation was effective to patients with stroke in improving their cognitive function. These findings suggest that somatosensory input can be adopted to nursing intervention for functional recovery after stroke.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.201-210
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• 2021

Purpose : There is a lack of research on this field in the Republic of Korea, especially those that have seen the effect of interaction between transcranial direct current stimulation and computerized cognitive rehabilitation therapy. This study divided 30 dementia patients into a treatment group, which received transcranial direct current stimulation and computerized cognitive rehabilitation, and a control group, which received pseudo-transcranial direct current stimulation and pseudo-computerized cognitive rehabilitation. This study evaluated the effects of these treatments on the visual perception, cognition functions, and daily activities of dementia patients. Methods : Fifteen subjects were allocated to the treatment group and the other 15 subjects were allocated to the control group. Treatments were given at intervals of five sessions per week (30 minutes per session) for six weeks (30 times in total). This study used the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) to examine cognitive functions, MVPT to evaluate visual perception, and FIM to test daily living activities before and after applying the treatments. Results : The results of this study showed that cognitive functions, visual perception, and daily living activities significantly (p<.05) improved after the intervention in the treatment group and the control group. The changes in cognitive functions, visual perception, and daily living activities due to the treatments were significantly different between the groups (p<.05). Conclusion : The results indicated that transcranial direct current stimulation and computerized cognitive rehabilitation therapy improved visual perception and daily living activities by increasing cognitive functions. Consequently, it was found that the simultaneous application of transcranial direct current stimulation in conjunction with a computerized cognitive rehabilitation program was an intervention method that could positively affect the visual perception, cognitive function, and daily living activities of dementia patients. Based on the results of this study, the study of arbitration protocols for demential will have to be more active.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of multi-sensory stimulation training on cognitive function and balance skill of the community resident elderly. Methods : 10 participants who is over aged 65 years carry out multisensory stimulation training program for 12weeks, once a week for 60minutes. The multisensory stimulation training program is consisted of total 12 topic based on body schema, gross muscle and tactile stimulation. The result was measured using Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean and Berg Balance Scale to evaluate before and after of cognitive function and balance skill. And after intervention, the satisfaction of the program was investigated. Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test was used to compare pre- post difference of cognitive function and balance skill. Results : There was significant difference in cognitive function and balance skill(p<.05) and the satisfaction is positive at the end of the program. Conclusion : The multisensory stimulation training program has positive effects on cognitive function and balance skill for elderly. And the satisfaction is positive at the end of the program. The multisensory stimulation training program can enhance the satisfaction to elderly in the aging society. So, additional studies is needed for efficient use.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this randomized controlled trial study was to examine the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive function and depression in stroke patients. Methods : Thirty stroke patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The experimental group received tDCS while performing computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs, and the control group was provided with sham tDCS while operating the same programs. The 30-minute intervention was implemented five times per week for six weeks. To assess cognitive function before and after the intervention, the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination was conducted; the Beck Depression Inventory BDI was employed to assess depression. Results : The experimental group showed statistically significant increases in cognitive function and decreases in depression (p < .05 ). Comparing the amount of variation between the groups after arbitration also showed significant differences in cognitive function and depression between the two groups (p > .05). Conclusion : The application of tDCS and computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs for stroke patients may positively affect their cognitive function and depression. Therefore, tDCS used with computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs is positively applicable to the enhancement of cognitive function in stroke patients and reduction of depression.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.197-210
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• 1997

This study was conducted to test the effect of cognitive stimulation training on elderly persons with dementia. The design of the research was one group in pre-test-post-test design. The subjects were nine demented persons over sixty years, with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Training was administered by research assistants on a one to one basis for thirty to forty minutes, three times a week for eight weeks. In order to evaluate the effect of cognitive stimulation training, we measured cognitive function before and after three training sessions each. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-test analysis using a spss pc package, The results are as follows: 1) The recipients of the training program showed improvement in overall cognitive functioning. The MMSK - K score, recall levels of concepts, daily tasks, personal past history and performance of word fluency were significantly increased after training. 2) There was a significant improvement in cognitive functioning over the training period: recall levels of concepts, daily tasks, past personal history and performance of word fluency significantly increased over the training period progessively, The results suggest that cognitive stimulation training is effective in improving and maintaining overall cognitive function of elderly persons with dementia.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.439-446
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• 2019

Poststroke depression can have a secondary effect on social cognition, and this can lead to behavioral problems. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of a Cognitive Stimulation Circulative Program(CSCP) based on occupational therapy. The participants of this study were 12 stroke patients. The CSCP was organized in such a way to promote the cognitive process. This program were carried out as a circuit program(16 sessions). As a result of this study, the depression scale of the subjects had statistically significant benefit(p<.05). Also, the evaluation results verified partial improvement in quality of life, and the relationship change scale which was used to evaluate role of physical and social cognitive function ability had statistically significant benefit(p<.05). The above results of this study verified that the CSCP was an efficient intervention program that reduces the depression of stroke patients and improve their social cognitive function ability, thus enhancing the quality of life.