• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.271-289
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• 1992

In this paper,a cursive on-line Hangul recognition system which permits cursive writing between graphemes is presented.In general,the recognition of cursive Hangul writing has a difficulty of graheme segmentation and a complexity in matching procedure due to the increasing number of character candidates.To manage efficiently these problems,we propose a double segmentation method.Based on this segmentation,a recognition algorithm based on the line segment matching is proposed.Through the experimental result,it is show that the proposed recognition method is suitable for the cursive Hangul writings.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.30-37
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• 2015

The target of design is a harmony between Beauty and Usefulness. Design is a result from representation of visual language by designer's creative thinking system. also, As an ill-defined problem cannot be described completely. and subjectively interpret depend on the situation, it is very difficult to present a theoretical standard. There have been many Design Sciences researches in recent years. such as Rule Based Design, Parametric Design, Replacement Design, Analogy Design, Metaphor Design, Genetic Algorithm. but Objective research is still unsatisfactory condition to investigate true nature about Design. At this point, It is very important to formulating about meaning of Design Language and Thinking. This study will define about that, and based on this definition, Lay out a logical basis for Treatment design variable and materialization of process by "Elements", "Relationship", "Schema". ultimately it look forward to provide a framework and minimize the complexity about Design Thinking.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.58-78
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• 2016

Compressed sensing (CS) possesses the potential benefits for spectrum sensing of wideband signal in cognitive radio. The sparsity of signal in frequency domain denotes the number of occupied channels for spectrum sensing. This paper presents a scheme of adaptively adjusting the number of compressed measurements to reduce the unnecessary computational complexity when priori information about the sparsity of signal cannot be acquired. Firstly, a method of sparsity estimation is introduced because the sparsity of signal is not available in some cognitive radio environments, and the relationship between the amount of used data and estimation accuracy is discussed. Then the SNR of the compressed signal is derived in the closed form. Based on the SNR of the compressed signal and estimated sparsity, an adaptive algorithm of adjusting the number of compressed measurements is proposed. Finally, some simulations are performed, and the results illustrate that the simulations agree with theoretical analysis, which prove the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive adjusting of compressed measurements.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.486-495
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• 2013

In this article, we suggest a two-dimensional genetic algorithm (GA) method that applies a cognitive radio (CR) decision engine which determines the optimal transmission parameters for multicarrier communication systems. Because a CR is capable of sensing the previous environmental communication information, CR decision engine plays the role of optimizing the individual transmission parameters. In order to obtain the allowable transmission power of multicarrier based CR system demands interference analysis a priori, for the sake of efficient optimization, a two-dimensionalGA structure is proposed in this paper which enhances the computational complexity. Combined with the fitness objective evaluation standard, we focus on two multi-objective optimization methods: The conventional GA applied with the multi-objective fitness approach and the non-dominated sorting GA with Pareto-optimal sorting fronts. After comparing the convergence performance of these algorithms, the transmission power of each subcarrier is proposed as non-interference emission with its optimal values in multicarrier based CR system.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.237-238
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• 2008

This paper presents a cognitive radio network where a base station exploits multi-antennas. For the system, a joint power control and user selection greedy algorithm which achieve a significant fraction of sum-capacity at lower complexity cost is proposed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.2350-2364
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• 2014

This paper addresses the problem of resource allocation in amplify-and-forward (AF) relayed OFDM based cognitive radio networks (CRNs). The purpose of resource allocation is to maximize the overall throughput, while satisfying the constraints on the individual power and the interference induced to the primary users (PUs). Additionally, different from the conventional resource allocation problem, the rate-guarantee constraints of the subcarriers are considered. We formulate the problem as a mixed integer programming task and adopt the dual decomposition technique to obtain an asymptotically optimal power allocation, subcarrier pairing and relay selection. Moreover, we further design a suboptimal algorithm that sacrifices little on performance but could significantly reduce computational complexity. Numerical simulation results confirm the optimality of the proposed algorithms and demonstrate the impact of the different constraints.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2017

One of the characteristics of the neurons that distinguishes them from other cells is their complex and polarized structure consisting of dendrites, cell body, and axon. The complexity and diversity of dendrites are particularly well recognized, and accumulating evidences suggest that the alterations in the dendrite structure are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Given the importance of the proper dendritic structures for neuronal functions, the dendrite pathology appears to have crucial contribution to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, the cellular and molecular basis of dendritic changes in the neurodegenerative diseases remains largely elusive. Previous studies in normal condition have revealed that several cellular components, such as local cytoskeletal structures and organelles located locally in dendrites, play crucial roles in dendrite growth. By reviewing what has been unveiled to date regarding dendrite growth in terms of these local cellular components, we aim to provide an insight to categorize the potential cellular basis that can be applied to the dendrite pathology manifested in many neurodegenerative diseases.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.4387-4404
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• 2015

The energy-efficient design of sensing-based spectrum sharing of a multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) cognitive radio (CR) system with imperfect multiple antenna spectrum sensing is investigated in this study. Optimal resource allocation strategies, including sensing time and power allocation schemes, are studied to maximize the energy efficiency (EE) of the secondary base station under the transmit power and interference power constraints. EE problem is formulated as a nonlinear stochastic fractional programming of a nonconvex optimal problem. The EE problem is transformed into its equivalent nonlinear parametric programming and solved by one-dimension search algorithm. To reduce searching complexity, the search range was founded by demonstration. Furthermore, simulation results confirms that an optimal sensing time exists to maximize EE, and shows that EE is affected by the spectrum detection factors and corresponding constraints.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2015

Globalization, unpredictable markets, increased products customization and frequent changes in products, production technologies and machining systems have become a complexity in today's manufacturing environment. One key strategy for coping with the evolution of this situation is to develop or apply an enable technology such as intelligent manufacturing. Intelligent manufacturing system (IMS) is characterized by decentralized, distributed, networked compositions of heterogeneous and autonomous systems. The model of IMS is inherited from the organization of the living systems in biology and nature so that the manufacturing system has the advanced characteristics inspired from biology such as self-adaptation, self-diagnosis, and selfhealing. To prove this concept, an innovative system with applying the advanced information and communication technology such as internet of things, cognitive agent are proposed to integrate, organize and allocate the machining resources. Innovative system is essential for modern machining system to flexibly and quickly adapt to new challenges of manufacturing environment.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 2014

Spectrum sensing is a key technical challenge for cognitive radio (CR). It is well known that multicycle cyclostationarity (MC) detection is a powerful method for spectrum sensing. However, a conventional MC detector is difficult to implement because of its high computational complexity. This paper considers reducing computational complexity by simplifying the test statistic of a conventional MC detector. On the basis of this simplification process, an improved MC detector is proposed. Compared with the conventional detector, the proposed detector has low-computational complexity and high-accuracy sensing performance. Subsequently, the sensing performance is further investigated for the cases of Rayleigh, Nakagami-m, Rician, and Rayleigh fading and lognormal shadowing channels. Furthermore, square-law combining (SLC) is introduced to improve the detection capability in fading and shadowing environments. The corresponding closed-form expressions of average detection probability are derived for each case by the moment generation function (MGF) and contour integral approaches. Finally, illustrative and analytical results show the efficiency and reliability of the proposed detector and the improvement in sensing performance by SLC in multipath fading and lognormal shadowing environments.