• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.2 s.49
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• pp.197-205
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• 2005

In estimating designed architectural buildings, many factors in various design domains such as function, structure, form, environment may be considered and then a building design might be selected or modified as final design from many possible design results. This paper proposed a method to obtain complexity values from two dimensional drawings which are floor plans or elevations. The Complexity values could be turned into esthetic values. The method has been developed based on information theory, shape pattern representation and cognitive theory. Results of measuring complexity value can make the computer evaluate and select final results produced from automatic design processes by the computer That is to say, aesthetic values based on order and chaos can be measured using complexity values and then some results having superior values can be selected as final result. Also some cognitive processes as perception of two dimensional drawings are discussed using shape representations. Aesthetic values could be varied in terms of shape properties such as size, individualities and knowledge as well as order and chaos.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.911-938
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• 2011

The present study examined the effect of two variables of task complexity, reasoning demand and time pressure, each from the resourcedirecting and resource-dispersing dimension in Robinson's (2001) framework of task classification. Reasoning demand was operationalized as the two types of texts to read and summarize, expository and argumentative. Time pressure was operationalized as the two modes of performance, oral and written. Six university students summarized the two types of text orally and twenty four students from the same school summarized them in the written form. Results from t test and ANCOVA showed that in the oral mode, reasoning demand tends to heighten the complexity of the language used in the summary in competition with accuracy but such an effect disappeared in the written mode. It was interpreted that the degree of time pressure is not the only difference between the oral and written modes but that the two modes may be fundamentally different cognitive tasks, and that Robinson's (2001) and Skehan's (1998) models were differentially supported by the oral mode of tasks but not by the written mode of the tasks.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

In contrast with Zelazo and Frye (1997) who argued that preschool children lack the conscious representation and executive functioning needed to solve problems based on conflicting rules, Bilaystok (1999) identified analysis(representation) and control(selective attention) as components of language processing and has shown that control develops earlier in bilingual than in monolingual children. This study investigated the effects of bilingualism on children's cognitive ability and language development by comparing Korean- Chinese bilingual with Chinese monolingual children in Yanji. Sixty children 3 to 5 years of age in each of the bilingual and the monolingual groups in Yanji, China participated in ths study. Results showed that bilingual were more advanced than monolingual children in solving problems requiring a high level of control, confirming Bialystok's(1999) results.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-100
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• 2012

The focus of this research is on identifying the problems that learners experience during online problem-based learning (e-PBL) from a cognitive perspective. The study is concentrated on learners' cognitive load level at each stage of e-PBL. The research questions are specifically as follows: What is the level of cognitive load at each stage of e-PBL and what is the relationship between cognitive load and group performance? What cognitive difficulties are experienced by learners in e-PBL and what causes cognitive difficulties? In this study, we found that cognitive load was the highest in stage 1 and there was negative relationship between cognitive load at stage 1 and group performance. In addition, learners experienced difficulties during e-PBL such as the complexity of task, the difficulty in collaboration, and the lack of appropriate references. For further study, we will investigate some strategies regarding adjusting learners' cognitive load in the early stages of e-PBL.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.676-678
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• 2007

In this letter, we propose a cognitive ultra-wideband radio scheme which is based on a modified chirp waveform. Therefore, it requires only time domain processing in the cognitive radio systems and reduces system complexity and power consumption.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2004

The changing structure of organization and the increasing diversity of business have forced organizations to have abilities to coordinate dispersed business activities. They have required cooperation and coordination among the functional units in the organization which should involve group decision-making processes. Although many group decision-making support tools and methods have been introduced to enable the collaborative process of group decision-making, they often lack the features supporting the dynamic complexity issue frequently occurring at group decision-making processes. This results in cognitive unfit between the group decision-making tasks and their supporting tools, bringing about mixed results in their effects on group decision-making. This study proposes system dynamics modeling as a group decision-making support tool to deal with the group decision -making tasks having properties of dynamic complexity in terms of cognitive fit theory.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2013

There is mounting evidence that complex computer system displays in control rooms contribute to cognitive complexity and, thus, to the probability of human error. Research shows that reaction time increases and response accuracy decreases as the number of elements in the display screen increase. However, in terms of supporting the control room operator, approaches focusing on addressing display complexity solely in terms of information density and its location and patterning, will fall short of delivering a properly designed interface. This paper argues that information complexity and semantic complexity are mandatory components when considering display complexity and that the addition of these concepts assists in understanding and resolving differences between designers and the preferences and performance of operators. This paper concludes that a number of simplified methods, when combined, can be used to estimate the impact that a particular display may have on the operator's ability to perform a function accurately and effectively. We present a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach and a method for complexity estimation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.160-160
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• 2004

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.73-86
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• 1999

Nowadays, VCR(Video Cassette Recorder) has various functions, but users use to fail operating these function because of the complexity of operation. The process of operating VCR contains user's cognitive characteristics. It is necessary for designing it that we must identify a user's mental process in the behind of operational behaviors. This effort, as well as considering physical dimensions and layout, can make VCR easy to use. In this research, VCR remote controller are analyzed by the cognitive method and experiments. Three types of VCR remote controllers, cognitive VCR models and two non-cognitive(typical) VCR models, are adopted as experimental objects to test the validation of the suggested user's cognitive mode of VCR. As results, when VCR was operated by the cognitive prototype of remote controller, task completion time was reduced to 80.5%, and the number of errors was reduced to 96.8%.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-38
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• 2017

This longitudinal study analyzed syntactic development (Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency; CAF) of six L2 Korean learners in a natural learning context. The learners recalled the stories of a short animated video through speaking and writing every 3 months, from month 0 to 15. The learners' responses were analyzed for a series of CAF measures and their cognitive, psychological, and social variables were investigated. The results showed that (i) L2 Korean learners' speaking and writing in various time periods showed significant differences in spoken and written accuracy, and complexity; (ii) the correlation between spoken and written complexity, spoken and written accuracy, as well as spoken and written fluency were significant, and (iii) the regression analysis showed that learners' cognitive, social, and psychological variables have significant effect on the L2 Korean syntactic development. The current study reports that L2 Korean learners engaged in self-learning in a natural learning environment without formal instruction made significant syntactic development.