• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1602-1612
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• 2017

Since rapidly disseminating of Internet of Things (IoT) as the new communication paradigm, a number of studies for various applications is being carried out. Especially, interest in the smart medical system is rising. In the smart medical system, a number of medical devices are distributed in popular area such as station and medical center, and this high density of medical device distribution can cause serious performance degradation of communication, referred to as the coexistence problem. When coexistence problem occurs in smart medical system, reliable transmitting of patient's biological information may not be guaranteed and patient's life can be jeopardized. Therefore, coexistence problem in smart medical system should be resolved. In this paper, we propose a distributed coexistence mitigation scheme for IoT-based smart medical system which can dynamically avoid interference in coexistence situation and can guarantee reliable communication. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, we perform extensive simulations by comparing with IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol which is a traditional low-power communication technology.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The relationship between food intake and nutritional status has been clearly established. Yet, there are only limited studies on food intake among family members and their nutritional status. The study examined the relationship between intra-household food distribution and coexistence of dual forms of malnutrition (DFM) in the same household. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Households with a malnourished child and overweight mother were categorized as DFM. Intra-household food distribution among family members was reported using ratios, which are a measure of individual intakes as compared to all household member intakes adjusted to RDA. RESULTS: A1,899 families were included in the study. The prevalence of DFM was 29.8% (95%CI 26.5-31.2). Children consumed lower amounts of energy (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.06-1.69, P = 0.011), carbohydrates (OR 1.2; 95%CI1.03-1.61, P = 0.022), protein (OR 1.3; 95%CI 1.03-1.64, P = 0.026), and fat (OR 1.3; 95%CI 1.05-1.66, P = 0.016) than their mothers and other family members. In contrast, mothers consumed more carbohydrates than children and other family members (OR1.24; 95%CI 1.02-1.51, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to report on the food distribution among family members and its relationship with occurrence of DFM in Indonesia. The results confirm the occurrence of an unequal food distribution between children and mothers, which increases risk of DFM in the household. The results also demonstrate that nutritional education at the household level is important to increase awareness of the impact of DFM.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.500-502
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• 2003

This paper reviews calculating of induced voltage onto a communication line from 22.9kV-Y Distribution Lines. The coexistence of both power line and communication line in parallel generates the induction of significant longitudinal voltage in the weak current line. In order to evaluate a precise induced voltage, this paper indicated some problems about coefficient and numerical formula. It also presents some induced voltage production technology standard application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study examined the distribution dynamics and proposed determinants, including morphological measurements, clinical laboratory tests, and lifestyle factors among young Korean men aged 20 to 29 years with the coexistence of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and obesity (CALSMO). METHODS: Six hundred and sixty-six participants were divided into two groups based on their skeletal muscle mass index, with 12 individuals categorized in the CALSMO group and the remaining 654 in the normal group. The proposed determinants variables consisted of three main components: morphological measurements, clinical laboratory tests, and lifestyle factors. The morphological measurement variables were height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and skeletal muscle mass index. The clinical laboratory tests were fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The lifestyle factors considered were alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Complex sampling analysis was performed for the evaluation. RESULTS: The distribution dynamics were determined to be 1.81(1.02-3.18) %. Morphological factors, such as height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and skeletal muscle mass index, showed significant differences (p < .05). The clinical laboratory test variables, specifically the fasting glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels, also exhibited significant differences (p < .05). The lifestyle factor, alcohol consumption, also showed a significance (p < .05). CONCLUSION: This study provides insights into the distribution dynamics. The proposed determinants in young Korean individuals with CALSMO are height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and alcohol consumption.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.647-656
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• 2008

In this paper, we present interference power distribution results when radio frequency identification(RFID) and ubiquitous sensor network(USN) systems share the $908.5{\sim}914MHz$ frequency bands. Average interference powers are obtained by simulation and statistical analysis, respectively. Simulation results are then verified by statistical analysis. According to the number of interferers and the diameter of the protection area, the cumulative density functions(CDFs) of interference power are simulated under the various conditions. From the simulation results, the probability that both USN and RFID systems meet the required maximal interference power levels is 95 % on condition that there are 1 low revered RFID reader and several USN nodes and that the minimum distance between a RFID reader and an USN node is greater than 1 m. Our results can be used as an basic research for coexistence analysis of RFID and USN systems in the $908.5{\sim}914MHz$ frequency bands.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2021

An ecological niche is defined as the specific role of a species influenced by time, space, and other resources. By investigating overlaps between ecological niches of different species, we could estimate the degrees of interspecific competition. Such studies often use geographic information systems (GIS) to discover niche overlaps between species. In this study, we used GIS to estimate the spatial niches of two Korean frog species(Pelophylax nigromaculatus and P. chosenicus). This enabled us to predict their geographic distributions in order to identify their coexistence regions and distribution patterns. The results confirmed that altitude was an important variable for predicting their distribution, with a correlation with their climatic range. Spatial distributions of the two frog species were highly overlapped, as the distribution range for P. nigromaculatus included most of the range of P. chosenicus, showing a sympatric distribution pattern. Within the coexisting regions, however, the presence sites for the two species did not overlap, implying weak competition. To confirm the principal factors influencing their competitive relationship and reasons for their sympatric distribution pattern, we need more detailed in-depth studies on the diverse environmental variables within the regions where the two species coexist. By doing so, we would be able to identify various mechanisms for avoiding competition in sympatric frog species.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2002

We theoretically consider blends of two monodisperse one-end-functionalized homopolymers (denoted by A and B) capable of forming clusters between functional groups (stickers) using weak segregation theory. In this model system resulting molecular architectures via clustering resemble star copolymers having many A- and B-arms. Minimizing the total free energy with respect the cluster distribution, the equilibrium distribution of clusters is obtained and used for RPA (Random Phase Approximation) equations as input. For the case that polymers are functionalized by only one kind of sticker, the phase diagrams show that the associations promote the macrophase separation. When there is strong affinity between stickers belonging to the different polymer species, on the other hand, the phase diagram show a suppression of the macrophase separation at the range of high temperature regime, as well as the phase coexistence between a disordered and a mesoscopic phase at the relatively lower temperatures.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.811-817
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• 2002

Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations were performed to calculate the vapor-liquid coexistence properties for the binary mixtures $CO_2/CH_3OH$, $CO_2/C_2H_5OH$, and $CO_2/CH_3CH_2CH_2OH.$ The configurational bias Monte Carlo method was used in the simulation of alcohol. Density of the mixture, composition of the mixture, the pressure-composition diagram, and the radial distribution function were calculated at vapor-liquid equilibrium. The composition and the density of both vapor and liquid from simulation agree considerably well with the experimental values over a wide range of pressures. The radial distribution functions in the liquid mixtures show that $CO_2$ molecules interact more stogly with methyl group than methylene group of $C_2H_5OH$ and $CH_3CH_2CH_2OH$ due to the steric effects of the alcohol molecules.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.1061-1069
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• 2003

The adsorption behaviors of strontium and cesium ions on fly ash, natural zeolites, and zeolites synthesized from fly ash were investigated. The zeolites synthesized from fly ash had greater adsorption capabilities for strontium and cesium ions than the original fly ash and natural zeolites. The maximum adsorption capacity of synthetic zeolite for strontium and cesium ions was 100 and 154 mg/g, respectively, It was found that the Freundlich isotherm model could fit the adsorption isotherm. The distribution coefficients (K$\_$d/) for strontium and cesium ions were also calculated from the adsorption isotherm data, The distribution coefficients decreased with increasing equilibrium concentration of strontium and cesium ions in solution. By studying the removal of cesium and strontium ions in the presence of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, and EDTA (in the range of 0.01 - 5 mM) it was found that these coexistence ions competed for the same adsorption sites with strontium and cesium ions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2017

Background: There have been many studies on the growth conditions of Zostera marina and Zostera japonica, but few studies have examined how spatial and temporal factors affect growth in established seagrass beds or the distribution range and shoot density. This study aims to clarify the factors that determine the temporal and spatial distribution of Zostera marina and Zostera japonica in the Seto Inland Sea east of Yamaguchi Prefecture. Methods: The study site is in Hiroshima Bay of the Seto Inland Sea, along the east coast of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. We monitored by diving observation to confirm shoot density, presence or absence of both species and observed water temperature, salinity by sensor in study sites. Results: The frequency of occurrence of Zostera marina was high in all seasons, even in water depths of D.L. + 1 to -5 m ($80{\pm}34%$ to $89{\pm}19%$; mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation), but lower (as low as $43{\pm}34%$) near the breakwall, where datum level was 1 to 2 m, and it was further reduced in datum level -5 m and deeper. The frequency of occurrence of Zostera japonica was highest in water with a datum level of +1 to 0 m. However, in datum level of 0 m or deeper, it became lower as the water depth became deeper. Datum level +1 m to 0 m was an optimal water depth for both species. The frequency of occurrence and the shoot density of both species showed no negative correlation. In 2011, the daily mean water temperature was $10^{\circ}C$ or less on more days than in other years and the feeding damage by S. fuscescens in the study sites caused damage at the tips. Conclusions: We considered that the relationship between these species at the optimal water depth was not competitive, but due to differences in spatial distribution, Zostera marina and Zostera japonica do not influence each other due to temperature conditions and feeding damage and other environmental conditions. Zostera japonica required light intensity than Zostera marina, and the water depth played an important role in the distribution of both species.