• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.223-239
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• 2024

The integration of coding and mathematics education, known as coding-integrated mathematics education, has received much attention due to the strength of Artificial Intelligence-based Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (AI-based STEAM) education in improving students' affective domain. The present study investigated the effectiveness of coding-integrated mathematics education on students' development of affective mathematics engagement. Participants in this study were 86 middle and high school students who attended the coding-integrated mathematics program. Surveys of students' affective mathematics engagement were administered before and after the intervention period. The results showed that students' affective mathematics engagement was statistically significantly improved through coding-integrated mathematics education. In particular, students exhibited increased positive affective mathematics engagement in terms of mathematical attitude, emotion, and value. These findings indicate the positive influence of coding-integrated mathematics education on students' learning in mathematics.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

코딩교육은 융합형 교육의 효과적인 도구로 문제해결 방법을 기획하고 설계하는 과정 등을 통해 문제해결 능력, 논리적 사고능력, 창의적 사고능력 등을 키울 수 있다. 코딩교육을 위한 연구는 주로 초.중등 학생들을 대상으로 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며 대학생들을 대상으로 한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 지금 현시점에서는 코딩교육을 전혀 받지 못한 대학생들의 교육이 시급한 실정이다. 코딩교육의 필요성을 인지하고 대학에서도 교양필수로 교과목을 지정하여 교육하려는 시도를 하고 있지만 어떻게 교육을 할 것인지에 대해 고심하고 있는 실정이다. 보편적 교육으로서의 코딩교육에 대한 연구가 필요한 시점이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비전공자들을 대상으로 코딩교육을 효율적으로 운영하기 위해 플립러닝을 적용한 앱인벤터를 활용한 교육과정을 제시하였다. 교육의 효과를 측정하기 위해 설문조사와 개인 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 코딩교육을 통해 비전공자 학습자들의 전공영역과 융합하여 다양한 문제들을 컴퓨팅 사고력 기반으로 해결해 나갈 수 있는 문제해결 능력을 향상시킬 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2019

Background: It is not possible to measure how much activity is required to understand and code a medical data. We introduce an assessment method in clinical coding, and applied this method to neurosurgical terms. Methods: Coding activity consists of two stages. At first, the coders need to understand a presented medical term (informational activity). The second coding stage is about a navigating terminology browser to find a code that matches the concept (code-matching activity). Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) was used for the coding system. A new computer application to record the trajectory of the computer mouse and record the usage time was programmed. Using this application, we measured the time that was spent. A senior neurosurgeon who has studied SNOMED CT has analyzed the accuracy of the input coding. This method was tested by five neurosurgical residents (NSRs) and five medical record administrators (MRAs), and 20 neurosurgical terms were used. Results: The mean accuracy of the NSR group was 89.33%, and the mean accuracy of the MRA group was 80% (p=0.024). The mean duration for total coding of the NSR group was 158.47 seconds, and the mean duration for total coding of the MRA group was 271.75 seconds (p=0.003). Conclusion: We proposed a method to analyze the clinical coding process. Through this method, it was possible to accurately calculate the time required for the coding. In neurosurgical terms, NSRs had shorter time to complete the coding and higher accuracy than MRAs.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.687-696
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• 2015

최근 동영상 압축에 관한 국제 표준화 기구인 JCT-VC (Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding) 에서는 High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)의 확장 표준으로 HEVC/Range Extension (HEVC/RExt)의 개발을 완료하고 스크린 콘텐츠 동영상의 부호화기술을 위한 표준인 HEVC/Screen Content Coding (HEVC/SCC)을 제정 중이다. 기존 동영상 압축 과정에서는 이미지 센서로부터 취득한 RGB 영상을 변환하여 부호화를 수행하는 반면에 애니매이션, 그래픽스 등 컴퓨터로 합성한 영상을 일컫는 스크린 콘텐츠의 경우는 색 공간의 변환이 주관적 화질을 심각하게 열화 시킬 수 있으므로 기존 RGB 색 공간을 유지하며 효율적으로 색 공간 내 정보의 중복성을 줄이기 위한 부호화 기법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 HEVC/RExt.와 HEVC/SCC에서 개발한 스크린 콘텐츠 동영상 압축을 위한 색 요소 예측 기법과 루프 내 색 공간 변환 기술의 성능을 분석한다. 실험 결과에 의하면 색 요소 예측 기법은 평균 약 11.7% BD-rate 감소, 색 공간 예측 기법은 평균 약 16.4% BD-rate 감소를 보인다. 그러나 두 기법이 동시에 적용되는 경우 약 18.2%의 BD-rate 감소를 보여 두 기법의 부호화 효율이 약 9.9% 중첩된다. 본 결과를 응용하여 두 기법이 배타적으로 선택이 되게끔 부호기 고속화를 수행하는 경우 약 0.3%의 부호화 손실로 93%의 부호화 측정 시간을 제공한다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2012

In the new video coding standard, called high efficiency video coding (HEVC), the coding unit (CU) is adopted as a basic unit of a coded block structure. Therefore, the rate control (RC) methods of H.264/AVC, whose basic unit is a macroblock, cannot be applied directly to HEVC. This paper proposes the largest CU (LCU) level RC method for hierarchical video coding in a HEVC. In the proposed method, the effective bit allocation is performed first based on the hierarchical structure, and the quantization parameters (QP) are then determined using the Cauchy density based rate-quantization (RQ) model. A novel method based on the linear rate model is introduced to estimate the parameters of the Cauchy density based RQ model precisely. The experimental results show that the proposed RC method not only controls the bitrate accurately, but also generates a constant number of bits per second with less degradation of the decoded picture quality than with the fixed QP coding and latest RC method for HEVC.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2008

이 논문에서는 OFDM 및 SC-FDE 시스템에서 다이버시티 기술의 적용이 채널부호화율에 미치는 상관관계에 대해서 살펴본다. OFDM 시스템에서는 채널의 다중경로 프로파일에 따라서 적절한 채널부호화율의 결정이 필요하며 순환지연 다이버시티 기술을 적용하는 경우가 시공간 부호화 기술을 적용하는 경우보다 더 낮은 채널부호화율을 필요로 한다. 이에 반해서 OFDM에 DFT 확산을 적용한 SC-FDE 시스템에서는 낮은 채널부호화율을 적용할 필요성이 없으며 다이버시티 기술의 적용과 상관없이 상대적으로 높은 채널부호화율이 사용될 수 있다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2019

Recently, the perception of software education, which had been considered as a field of education for programmers in this field, is changing in response to recent changes with the trend of 4th industrial revolution. Major counties competitively invest in software education and the target age group for software education is also on the decline. However, the traditional text-based programing languages such as JAVA and Python, have a high entry barrier. To address the shortcoming, a variety of methods have been recently proposed for the effective software education for kindergarten and elementary school student. In this paper, we propose a robot-based coding education system with steps for coding education for effective software education. The proposed method is divided into three stages, depending on the level of the student being trained in the software coding education to interact with robots. The proposed stages consists of unplugged coding using a remote control, coding using a graphic-based programming language and text- based coding. We conducted an experiment with performing separate missions while providing propoer tutorials for each stage to verify the effectiveness of the proposed software education system.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.889-897
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 통신 시스템에서 발생하는 중요한 문제점인 PAPR(Peak to Average Power Ratio)을 저감하기 위하여 개선된 블록 코딩 방식을 제안하고 코딩 이득을 분석한다. 부반송파수가 N인 경우, 기존 블록 코딩 방식에서는 블록 인코더 1 개를 이용하지만, 제안된 블록 코딩 방식은 블록 인코더 2개를 이용한다. 이 방식은 기존 블록 코딩과 비교하여 동일한 PAPR 저감 능력을 가지면서도 코드율을 2배로 증가시켜서 스펙트럼 효율을 2배로 개선시킨다. 또한 코드 블록당 1 개의 오류가 정정된다는 가정 하에서 BER 성능 평가를 수행하였다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

This paper focuses on lossy medical image compression methods for medical images that operate on three-dimensional(3-D) irreversible integer wavelet transform. We offer an application of unbalanced tree structure algorithm to medical images, using a 3-D unbalanced wavelet decomposition and a 3-D unbalanced spatial dependence tree. The wavelet decomposition is accomplished with integer wavelet filters implemented with the lifting method. We have tested our encoder on volumetric medical images using different integer filters and coding unit sizes. The coding unit sizes of 16 slices save considerable dynamic memory(RAM) and coding delay from full sequence coding units used in previous works. If we allow the formation of trees of different lengths, then we can accomodate more transaxial scales than three. The encoder and decoder can then keep track of the length of the tree in which each pixel resides through the sequence of decompositions. Results show that, even with these small coding units, our algorithm with certain filters performs as well and better in lossy coding than previous coding systems using 3-D integer unbalanced wavelet transforms on volumetric medical images.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1825-1839
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• 2015

The final draft of the latest video coding standard, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), was approved in January 2013. The coding efficiency of HEVC surpasses its predecessor, H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), by using only half of the bitrate to encode the same sequence with similar quality. However, the complexity of HEVC is sharply increased compared to H.264/AVC. In this paper, a method is proposed to decrease the complexity of intra coding in HEVC. Early pruning and an early splitting strategy are applied to the quadtree structure of coding tree units (CTU) and residual quadtree (RQT). According to our experiment, when our method is applied to sequences from Class A to Class E, the coding time is decreased by 44% at the cost of a 1.08% Bjontegaard delta rate (BD-rate) increase on average.