• Title/Summary/Keyword: Coconut shell

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Manufacture of Activated Carbon Using Livestock Manure and it's Odor Absorptiveness (축분을 이용한 활성탄소 제조와 이의 악취 흡착성 분석)

  • Choi, H.C.;Song, J.I.;Kwon, D.J.;Kwag, J.H.;Yan, C.B.;Yoo, Y.H.;Park, Young-Tae;Park, K.S.;Park, D.K.;Kim, Y.K.
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.211-218
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried out to develop the technique for manufacturing activated carbon from livestock manure and to analyse it's odor absorptiveness. Each of layer manure(LM), litter from broiler house(BL) and litter from dairy barn(DL), compost from layer manure(LC) and pig manure(PC), and coconut shell(CS) was used as a raw material. Activated carbon by grinding the raw material, adding the coal tar as a binder, palletizing, drying, heating with $N_2$ gas at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, activating by reaction with steam at a temperature of $750^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. Moisture contents of raw material was 44.9% in layer compost, 71.9% in layer manure, 24.4% in broiler litter, 47% in pig manure compost and 33.9% in dairy litter. Volatile matter in layer compost, layer manure, broiler litter, pig manure compost and dairy litter was 18.8%, 31.0%, 49.8%, 22.3% and 11.6%, respectively. Surface area(BET) of activated carbon from layer compost, layer manure, broiler litter, pig manure compost, dairy litter and coconut shell was 259.8, 209.8, 63.5, 442.3, 812.9 and $1,040\;m^2/g$, respectively. Activated carbon made by livestock manure or litter were examined with scanning electron microscope, and micropore was a type of sponge like particles honeycombed with chambers. Pore size of activated carbon was ranged from 0.39 to $5.02\;{\AA}$, but coconut shell was $0.30\;{\AA}$. Iodine absorptiveness of activated carbon from livestock manure was $530{\sim}580mg/g$. But activated carbon made by coconut shell was 1000 mg/g. Each activated carbon could absorb odor compound very well. Absorptiveness of activated carbon from layer manure for hydrogen sulfide and trimethyl amino was 74.5% and 73.9% at the accumulated flux of 60,000 ml, but, in the case of ammonia was only 15.2% at the accumulated flux of 10,000 ml

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Influence of Dietary Activated Coconut Charcoal on Egg Quality and Plasma Cholesterol Level in Laying Hens (산란계에서 활성야자탄의 첨가가 계란의 품질 및 혈장 콜레스테롤 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • 민병준;김인호;이원백;홍종욱;김지훈;권오석;이상환
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary activated coconut charcoal (ACC) on Performance, e99 quality and Plasma cholesterol level of Plasma in laying hens. One hundred forty four, 47-wk-old, ISA Brown commercial layers were used in a 28-d feeding trial after a 7-d adjustment Period. Four dietary treatments were 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5e% levees of ACC supplemented to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Egg Production was significantly increased as the levels of ACC increased. However, egg weight was significantly decreased by the addition of ACC in diets. Egg shell breaking strength tended to decrease as the level of ACC increased, however, no significance was found in this respect. As the levels of ACC increased, egg shell thickness decreased significantly. Although not significant, yolk color tended to increase by the addition of ACC. Egg folk index were significantly increased by the addition of ACC In diet. No significant difference was found among four treatments in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL+VLDL cholesterol concentrations in plasma. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of ACC to layer diets could be used to increase egg Production, and yolk index.

Performance of GACC and GACP to treat institutional wastewater: A sustainable technique

  • Khaleel, Mohammed R.;Ahsan, Amimul;Imteaz, M.;El-Sergany, M.M.;Nik Daud, N.N.;Mohamed, T.A.;Ibrahim, Buthainah A.
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.339-349
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    • 2015
  • Experiments were carried out using granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption techniques to treat wastewater contaminated with organic compounds caused by diverse human activities. Two techniques were assessed: adsorbent GAC prepared from coconut shell (GACC) and adsorbent GAC from palm shell (GACP). A comparison of these two techniques was undertaken to identify ways to improve the efficiency of the treatment process. Analysis of the processed wastewater showed that with GACC the removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) was 65, 60, 82, 82 and 8.7%, respectively, while in the case of GACP, the removal efficiency was 55, 60, 81, 91 and 22%, respectively. It can therefore be concluded that GACC is more effective than GACP for BOD removal, while GACP is better than GACC for TSS and TDS removal. It was also found that for COD and turbidity almost the same results were achieved by the two techniques. In addition, it was observed that both GACC and GACP reduced pH value to 7.9 after 24 hrs. Moreover, the optimal time period for removal of BOD and TDS was 1 hr and 3 hrs, respectively, for both techniques.

Investigation on the Removal of Dissolved Aluminum Ion in Drinking Water (정수중(淨水中)의 용존(溶存)알루미늄 제어방안(制御方案)의 조사(調査))

  • Choi, Suing-Il;Kim, Moon-Jeong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.42-52
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    • 1997
  • The affection of activated carbon on the dissolved aluminum ion in drinking water has been observed. In addition, the aluminum ion removal capability of activated, alumina, chitosan, and ion exchange resin have been investigated. Experimental results indicated that the coal based activated carbon released considerable amount of aluminum ion to the water while coconut shell based activated carbon didn't. However the release was not continuous. Activated alumina didn't show any recognizable removal capability for aluminum ion in water. Particulate chitosan has removed aluminum ion although dissolved chitosan has not. However it need to development a regeneration process for chitosan to be an effective mean for aluminum ion removal. Ion exchange resin showed a reliable aluminum ion removal capability. The ion exchange capacity was 2.63 meq/g resin for the aluminum ion in drinking water.

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A Study on the Optimization of Microwave System for the Preparation of Activated Carbon

  • Kim, Dong-Sik;Park, Hwa-Chun;Byeon, Kyeong-Hwa
    • Carbon letters
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.205-209
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    • 2002
  • In the reaction of gas-solid phases, the microwave energy plays a role as a catalyst, because it causes friction between adjacent molecules and enables an unique characteristics of interior heating of the materials. When the dipole gases are adsorbed inside of the pore of carbon materials, the gases are decomposed by the microwave energy and reacted with the carbon atoms. Using this principle, we could make the activated carbon from coconut shell within 20 minute, and this residence time for activation is about 1/16 of rotary kiln. The BET surface area of activated carbon made by microwave is about $1,100m^2/g$ similar to conventional method of rotary kiln. In this study, the power of microwave generator was 400~1000W, and the gas for activation was steam mainly.

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Column Removal of Trichloroethylene and Dichloromethane using Low Cost Activated Carbon

  • Radhika, M.;Lee, Young-Seak;Palanivelu, K.
    • Carbon letters
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2010
  • Coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) was investigated for its ability in the removal of two neutral chlorinated organic compounds, namely trichloroethylene (TCE) and dichloromethane (DCM) from aqueous solution using a packed bed column. The efficiency of the prepared activated carbon was also compared with a commercial activated carbon (CAC). The important design parameters such as flow rate and bed height were studied. In all the cases the lowest flow rate (5 mL/min) and the highest bed height (25 cm) resulted in maximum uptake and per cent removal. The experimental data were analysed using bed depth service time model (BDST) and Thomas model. The regeneration experiments including about five adsorption-desorption cycles were conducted. The suitable elutant selected from batch regeneration experiments (25% isopropyl alcohol) was used to desorb the loaded activated carbon in each cycle.

Reuse of Rice-Hull and Application Technology Development in Waste Water Treatment (왕겨의 재활용 및 하수처리 활용기술 개발)

  • Shin, Ho-Sang;Ahn, Hye-Sil;Jung, Dong-Gyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.170-173
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    • 2003
  • Activated Rice-Hull carbon was developed to remove ammonia compounds in water matrix. Isotherm adsorption tests of ammonia were conducted using a bottle-point technique and column test. Residual ammonia after Jar-Test or passing through the column was determined by Indophenol method, and assessed the removal efficiency for ammonia of the adsorbent. As a result, the adsorption capacity for ammonia of activated racehull carbon was very larger than that of coconut shell carbon, because the rice hull carbon had the higher BET surface area of silicate. The activated racehull carbon is under the development as adsorbent to remove ammonia in drinking water and waste water.

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Effect of Physical/Chemical Activation on the Porosity Evolution of Porous Carbons (물리화학적 활성법이 다공성 탄소의 기공발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Yun-Heum;Park, Chong-Rae;Park, Chong-Rae;Oh, Gyu-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.303-305
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    • 2001
  • Porous carbons have beef used as adsorbents, filters, catalyst supports, etc. due to well-development pore structure. Porous carbons can be prepared by two different activation processes i.e. physical activation by steam or CO$_2$, and chemical activation by KOH, H$_3$PO$_4$ etc. from various raw material. Recently, agricultural wastes such as rice hulls [1], coconut shell [2-31 and straws [4] are growing interest as precursors fur porous carbons due to its easy availability and cheapness. (omitted)

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Characterization of Carbon Molecular Sieve for Separating CH4 Gas (메탄가스 분리용 탄소분자체 특성 연구)

  • Lee Byum-Suk;Kim Taik-Nam;Kim Yun-Jong
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.157-162
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    • 2004
  • The object of this research is to develop a carbon molecular sieve(below CMS) which can separate selectively to convert mixture gases spout at waste landfill into fuel. And this research is meaningful from the viewpoint of a quality improvement of CH$_4$ gas and an utilization of by-product. CMS was prepared using coconut shell powder as starting material and the effects of activators, temperature and modifier on the reaction were investigated in this research. Also, pore diameter, surface area of CMS and adsorption rate were measured and studied by cahn balance and ASAP2010. Its specific surface area and pore distribution were controlled easily at 800^{\circ}C and adsorption rate was very good. The CMS prepared in this research is shown to be able to separate landfill gases very effectively.

Nitrogen oxide (NOX) and Sulfur Oxide (SOX) Removal Capacities of Textile FabricsCoated with Nano-pore Materials (나노 공극소재로 코팅된 모헤어의 질소산화물(NOX) 및 황산화물(SOX) 제거 성능평가)

  • Lee, Jae-Uk;Yang, Keun-Hyeok;Mun, Ju-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2020.11a
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    • pp.157-158
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    • 2020
  • The present study examined the effectiveness of textile fabrics coated with nano-pore materials on removing the nitrogen oxide (NOX) and sulfur oxide (SOX) in the atmospheric environment. The tested approach is favorable for absorbing NOX and SOX, even under the washing condition.

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