• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2004

1) As a result of compressive strength experiment, rupture compressive strength showed more increases in specimens of 15% and 20% of Cockle shells in those of non-mixture. Comparing compressive strength between no-mixed Specimens and Specimens of containing Cockle shells, Specimens containing Cockle shells showed higher strength in 60 days and 90 days of age, and as ark Cockle is contained and age is elapsed, compressive strength is also increased In addition, estimation of compressive strength by reactive hardness in concrete using Cockle shells as aggregate shows low reliability. 2) As a result of experimenting compressive strength after heating, Specimens containing Cockle shells and non-mixed Specimens showed similar strength at $200^{\circ}C$, but compressive strength was lowered as content of Cockle shells increased at over $400^{\circ}C$ and heating temperature was higher. It is because Cockle shells was fired by heat and then its adhesion and bonding capacity were lost. 3) To sum up the above experimental results, it is found that using splitted Cockle shells as aggregate for concrete by 10%~20% showed the same or higher compressive strength and shear strength as concretes using general aggregate and it can be used as substitute aggregate of concrete. It is considered that for future use of splitted Cockle shells as substitute concrete aggregate, continuous researches of its durability, applicability and economy are needed.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2000

Inhibitory effects of cockle extracts on carcinogen-induced cytotoxicity in C3H/10T1/2 cells were studied. Soup (62$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), solubility (28$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) and liposolubility (9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) of the cockle inhibited 3-methyl-cholanthrene(MCA)-induced cytotoxicity in C3H/10T1/2 cells by 53 and 94%, respectively. These results suggest that the extracts cockle might have anticarcinogen-induced cytotoxicity of C3H/10T1/2 cells. The effects of cockle extracts on the immune response related to its antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo were investigated. The cockle extracts showed a direct cytotoxic effect on sarcoma-180 cells, tumor cells in vitro. Soup (0.49 mg/mL), solubility (0.11 mg/mL) and liposolubiliy (0.05 mg/mL) of the cockle markedly decreased the total numbers of sarcoma-180 cells, but not their viability. The phagocytic acitivity of peritoneal macrophage of mice was significantly augmented by these extracts of the cockle compared with that of control in vivo. These extracts also raised the phagocuytic index, indicating that the number of phagocytize dmicrobes per macrophage increased. Thus, cockle extracts might show a antitumor activity by enhancing the phagocytic cell activities.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2005

As a result of compressive strength, specimens having mixture rate of cockle shells of $15\%\;and\;20\%$ showed more increases of compressive strength than non-mixture specimens as age increases. Ductility capacity of specimens was higher in specimens mixing cockle shells than in specimens using general fine aggregates and specimen of $10\%$ of cockle shells was highest in ductility capacity. To sum up all experimental results, ductility capacity of specimen without shear reinforcement using mixture of cockle shell was higher than non-mixture specimen and it is considered that mixture of cockle shells up to $20\%$ as fine aggregate for concrete will be available. Continuous researches on durability, workability and economy of crushed cockle shells used for substitute fine aggregate of concrete will be needed.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2004

1) As result of specimen with shear reinforcing bar of reinforced concrete beam, ductile coefficient of specimen was high in specimen containing Cockle shells based on non-mixed specimen. In increase rate of specimens, yield strength was similar in specimens containing Cockle shells and non-mixed specimens and maximum strength was higher in specimen containing Cockle shells. 2) To sum up the above experimental results, it is found that using splitted Cockle shells as aggregate for concrete by 10%～ 15% showed the same or higher compressive strength and shear strength as concretes using general aggregate and it can be used as substitute aggregate of concrete. It is considered that for future use of splitted Cockle shells as substitute concrete aggregate, continuous researches of its durability, applicability and economy are needed.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2006

A comparison was made of population of the economically important cockle Anadara (=Scapharca) broughtoni (Bivalvia, Arcidae) inhabiting different areas of the Razdolnaya River estuary at the head of Amurskii Bay (Peter the Great Gulf, East Sea). Also, changes in cockle population density and structure, as well as in cockle growth rates during the last 20 years were studied. In all years of investigation, the morphometrical parameters and growth rates of cockles were smaller at the sites located close to the River mouth than farther down-estuary. The differences can be attributed to higher concentration of suspended particulate matter, decreased salinity and water temperature, as well as a longer exposure to these unfavorable environmental factors at sites located close to the River mouth, compared to farther sites. For two decades, cockle population density had decreased by almost 30 times at some sites in the River estuary. The main reason for this population decline is commercial over-fishing of the cockle. Besides, for the last 20 years, linear parameters of the cockles in the population decreased approximately by 30% and weight parameters, almost two times. Cockle growth rates also decreased for this period. Evidently, these facts are due to the damaging effect of dredging.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2004

압축강도 실험결과, 고막패각 혼입량 15%와 20% 시험체가 무혼입 시험체보다 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 시험체의 연성능력은 일반 잔골재를 사용한 시험체가 가장 높았으며, 고막패각의 혼입량이 많을수록 연성능력은 낮게 나타났고, 고막패각 혼입량이 많을수록 낮은 하중에서 초기균열이 발생하여 하중의 증가로 인하여 부재의 처짐 속도가 빨라지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고막패각의 혼입량에 따라 부착력이 부족하여, 이후 항복내력이 상대적으로 증가하지 못한 것으로 판단된다

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.456-462
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• 1987

Chemical composition, free amino acid and fatty acid composition of wild and cultured cockle clam were studied. 1. The content of crude protein was higher in Anadara suberenata thanthat ini Anadara granosa. The contents of crude protein and ash increased after boiling. 2 Free amino acid composition of Anadara granosa was similar to that of Anadara suberenata. Both glutamic acid and aspartic acid among free amino acid were the most abundant in cockle clam. Next, leucine, arginine and lysine were abundant in order. They all composed of approximately 50%^ of total amino acid content. Whereas the contents of cystine and methionine were poor. 3. In cockle clam the major fatty acids consisted of C16 :0, C18: 0, C18 ;1 and C18:3 in order. The level of C16 :0 was the highest in lipids. The levels of C18 : 0 and C14 :0 were higher in Anadara granosa than those in Anadara suberenata, while the levels of C16 :0, C18 :3 and C16 : 1 were higher in Amadara suberenata than those in Anadara granosa.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.849-855
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• 1996

Processing condition and pigment maintenance of cockle, Fulvia mutica were studied. Proximate composition of whole meat was $82.3\%$ moisture, $10.8\%$ crude protein, $0.8\%$ crude lipid, $2.5\%$ carbohydrate and $3.1\%$ crude ash, and that of foot muscle was $80.6\%,\;12.3\%,\;0.3\%,\;2.9\%\;and\;3.3\%$ respectively. When the living cockle was soaked in $2\%$ NaCl solutions, about $90\%$ of silt and mud was removed after 10 hours soaking, and over $92\%$ was removed when the pH was adjusted to 7.5. When the pigment destruction was tested by 40 seconds at $75^{\circ}C,\;80^{\circ}C,\;85^{\circ}C,\;90^{\circ}C\;and\;95^{\circ}C$, retention ratios of pigment in cockle were above $95\%$ at all temperature. Soaking in ethanol for 5 minutes resulted in strong adhesion of pigment to meat. Soaking in seasoning liquid containing $10\%$ soy sauce, $5\%$ wasabi, $5\%$ sugar, $2\%$ vinegar, $2\%$ powdered garlic for 3 minutes was effective for instant processing of cooked and frozen cockle after thawing. After 60 days storage at $-20^{\circ}C$, the contents of moisture, crude lipid, carbohydrate, ash and salinity were not changed so much, and pH and TBA values increased to 6.6 and 0.3 compared with 6.2 and 0.2, respectively, while pigment absorbance at 226 nm was decreased from 2.7 to 2.3. However, in case of 60 days storage at $-45^{\circ}C$, there was no change in these compositions.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.387-396
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 꼬막(cockle), 전복(abalone), 가리비(scallop) 패각을 이용하여 중금속 제거효율 평가를 수행하였다. 꼬막, 전복, 가리비의 주 구성광물은 각각 아라고나이트, 아라고나이트와 방해석, 방해석으로 구성되어 있다. 각 패각들의 비표면적은 2.7241 m²/g에서 4.5481 m²/g까지 다양하며 가리비 > 전복 > 꼬막이다. 반응 후 중금속 분석 결과 As는 패각에 의한 흡착이나 pH 상승에 의한 침전 제거 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 납은 반응 초기에 모든 패각 시료에서 모두 제거되었다. 카드뮴과 아연은 매질에 따라 약간의 차이가 있지만 제거 효율은 가리비 > 전복 > 꼬막 순으로 나타났다. 중금속 제거 효율은 가열 시료가 원시료 비해 약간 높으며, 비표면적이 클수록 높은 경향이 있다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2014

국내에서는 많은 양의 패류가 생산되고 있으나, 이로 인해 발생하는 대량의 패각을 처리하는데 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 패각을 대량으로 처리하기 위하여 건설재료로서의 가능성을 평가하고자 한다. 모르터의 잔골재를 패각으로 치환하여 흡수율, 압축강도를 측정하고 계면결합 형태를 관찰하였다. 대체적으로 패각의 치환율이 증가함에 따라 흡수율은 증가하였으며, 압축강도는 감소하였다. 예외적으로 꼬막 패각을 치환한 모르터는 치환율이 증가함에 따라 압축강도가 증가하였다. 패각 치환율의 증가에 따른 흡수율의 증가 및 압축강도의 감소는 패각 주위에 발생한 다공성 때문인 것으로 파악되었으며, 꼬막 패각을 치환한 모르터는 패각과 시멘트 입자간의 계면결합 형태가 양호하였기 때문에, 오히려 강도가 상승한 것으로 판단된다.