• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.115-116
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• 2012

The demand for flexible electronic systems such as wearable computers, E-paper, and flexible displays has increased due to their advantages of excellent portability, conformal contact with curved surfaces, light weight, and human friendly interfaces over present rigid electronic systems. This seminar introduces three recent progresses that can extend the application of high performance flexible inorganic electronics. The first part of this seminar will introduce a RRAM with a one transistor-one memristor (1T-1M) arrays on flexible substrates. Flexible memory is an essential part of electronics for data processing, storage, and radio frequency (RF) communication and thus a key element to realize such flexible electronic systems. Although several emerging memory technologies, including resistive switching memory, have been proposed, the cell-to-cell interference issue has to be overcome for flexible and high performance nonvolatile memory applications. The cell-to-cell interference between neighbouring memory cells occurs due to leakage current paths through adjacent low resistance state cells and induces not only unnecessary power consumption but also a misreading problem, a fatal obstacle in memory operation. To fabricate a fully functional flexible memory and prevent these unwanted effects, we integrated high performance flexible single crystal silicon transistors with an amorphous titanium oxide (a-TiO2) based memristor to control the logic state of memory. The $8{\times}8$ NOR type 1T-1M RRAM demonstrated the first random access memory operation on flexible substrates by controlling each memory unit cell independently. The second part of the seminar will discuss the flexible GaN LED on LCP substrates for implantable biosensor. Inorganic III-V light emitting diodes (LEDs) have superior characteristics, such as long-term stability, high efficiency, and strong brightness compared to conventional incandescent lamps and OLED. However, due to the brittle property of bulk inorganic semiconductor materials, III-V LED limits its applications in the field of high performance flexible electronics. This seminar introduces the first flexible and implantable GaN LED on plastic substrates that is transferred from bulk GaN on Si substrates. The superb properties of the flexible GaN thin film in terms of its wide band gap and high efficiency enable the dramatic extension of not only consumer electronic applications but also the biosensing scale. The flexible white LEDs are demonstrated for the feasibility of using a white light source for future flexible BLU devices. Finally a water-resist and a biocompatible PTFE-coated flexible LED biosensor can detect PSA at a detection limit of 1 ng/mL. These results show that the nitride-based flexible LED can be used as the future flexible display technology and a type of implantable LED biosensor for a therapy tool. The final part of this seminar will introduce a highly efficient and printable BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator on plastic substrates. Energy harvesting technologies converting external biomechanical energy sources (such as heart beat, blood flow, muscle stretching and animal movements) into electrical energy is recently a highly demanding issue in the materials science community. Herein, we describe procedure suitable for generating and printing a lead-free microstructured BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator on plastic substrates to overcome limitations appeared in conventional flexible ferroelectric devices. Flexible BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator was fabricated and the piezoelectric properties and mechanically stability of ferroelectric devices were characterized. From the results, we demonstrate the highly efficient and stable performance of BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.21-38
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• 2004

Objectives : Moxibustion has been become very useful tool to prevent and treat various diseases with acupuncture in oriental medicine. Expecially, moxibustion combining the heat stimulation and chemical stimulation of Artemisiae Argyi has a non-invasive characteristics comparing to the other therapeutic tools. However, because the moxibustion makes the patient's skin be burn by the combustible feature of moxibustion, most of people have been scared of being scald. Methods : In this study, we have developed new non-combustible moxibustion tools in collaboration with company (Hana Medical, co. and ICURE, co.) and tested the efficacy through effects of moxibustion of Cheon-chu $(ST_{25})$ on the abdominal thermography of health subject. The non-combustible moxibustion has main characteristics of controlled heating to inhibit being scald and heat stimulation lasting over 1 hrs. Also, to induce the chemical stimulation, the bottom contacting with skin was coated by the extract of artemisiae argyi. The volunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 20 - 30 mins in room temperature $(23-25^{\circ}C)$ before the examination and informed them what to prohibit smoking, drinking and administration of drug for the previous day The thermography of abdomen including a below part of the chest was taken using Infra-Red Imaging System (IR 2000, MEDI-CORE Co., Korea) by time interval of 15 minutes. Results : The results showed that moxibustion of Cheon-chu $(ST_{25})$ had more potencies of changes on all the ROIs of abdominal thermography than those of control group. Also, it was observed that the quantities of thermal changes following moxibustion of Cheon-chu $(ST_{25})$ been increased significantly comparing that of control group at all the ROIs (region of interest). Observed the thermography classified by ROI, however, moxibustion of Cheon-chu $(ST_{25})$ could modulate ipsilateral specific areas concerning to the abdominal pathway of Stomach Meridian. Conclusion : These results suggest that new non-combustible moxibusion has some similarity as like as the conventional moxibustion and moxibustion of Cheon-chu $(ST_{25})$ may modulate thermal changes of abdominal areas.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.254-257
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• 2007

TiN coating on tool steel has been widely used for the improvement of durability of tools. In this work, radical nitriding(RN) is carried out on SKD61 at $450^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours in the ammonia gas pressure $2.7{\times}10^3\;Pa$. The TiN coating is carried out by arc ion plating(AIP) with the process parameters: arc power 150 A, bias voltage -50V, coating time 40 minutes and nitrogen gas pressure $4{\times}10^3\;Pa$. Hardness, elastic modulus, friction coefficient and adhesion of TiN coating on substrates of both TiN/SKD61 and TiN/RN SKD61 coatings are investigated comparatively. The primary crystalline faces of TiN surface are(200) and(111) for TiN/SKD61 and TiN/RN SKD61 respectively. In addition to the primary phase, Fe phase exists in TiN/SKD61 coating, but not in TIN/RN SKD61. The hardness of TiN/RN SKD61 is about 700 Hv, 250 Hv(56%) higher than that of TiN/SKD61 at the near interface of TiN and substrates. At the TiN surface, hardness of TiN/RN SKD61 is 2,149 Hv, 71 Hv(3%) higher than that of TiN/SKD61. The elastic modulus of TiN coating is improved to 26.7 GPa(6%) by radical nitriding. The adhesion is improved by the RN coating showing no spalling. buckling and chipping on the scratch test track which are shown on the non-RN TiN/SKD61.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1997

아황산가스를 감지하기 위해 새로운 CdS 무기박막을 이용한 표면탄성파 센서를 구현하였다. LiTaO$_3$ 단결정 압전기판에 중심주파수 54MHz인 두 개의 SAW 소자 및 발진기를 제작하였으며 아황산가스가 흡착, 탈착할 수 있는 감지막을 지연선 상에 증착시키고 다른 변수로부터의 반응을 보상하기 위해 이중지연선 구조로 제작하였다. CdS 박막은 초음파 노즐을 이용하여 분무 열분해법을 이용하여 증착하였다. 실험결과 표면탄성파 센서는 아황산가스의 농도를 0.25 ppm 까지 검출할 수 있으며 20 ppm 이내의 안정도 및 5분 이내의 빠른 반응시간을 보였다. 또 가스감응 실험의 반복을 통해 센서의 반복성을 확인함으로써 본 연구에서 개발한 센서가 이황산가스 감지용 센서로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 계획으로 CdS 박막 증착시에 적절한 원소를 첨가하여 박막의 반응성을 증가시키며 또한 표면탄성파 소자의 중심주파수를 증가시켜 센서의 가스감응성을 높이고자 하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.328-328
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• 2007

Large area matrix-addressed image detectors are a recent technology for x-ray imaging with medical diagnostic and other applications. The imaging properties of x-ray pixel detectors depend on the quantum efficiency of x-rays, the generated signal of each x-ray photon and the distribution of the generated signal between pixels. In a phosphor coated detector the light signal is generated by electrons captured in the phosphor screen. In our study we simulated the lateral spread distributions for phosphor coupled detector by Monte Carlo simulations. Most simulations of such detectors simplify the setup by only taking the conversion layer into account neglecting behind. The Monte Carlo code MCNPX has been used to simulate the complete interaction and subsequent charge transport of x-ray radiation. This has allowed the analysis of charge sharing between pixel elements as an important limited factor of digital x-ray imaging system. The parameters are determined by lateral distribution of x-ray photons and x-ray induced electrons. The primary purpose of this study was to develop a design tool for the evaluation of geometry factor in the phosphor coupled optical imaging detector. In order to evaluate the spatial resolution for different phosphor material, phosphor geometry we have developed a simulation code. The developed code calculates the energy absorption and spatial distribution based on both the signal from the scintillating layer and the signal from direct detection of x-ray in the detector. We show that internal scattering contributes to the so-called spatial resolution drop of the image detector. Results from the simulation of spatial distribution in a phosphor pixel detector are presented. The spatial resolution can be increased by optimizing pixel size and phosphor thickness.

• 대한구강악안면임플란트학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.120-138
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of a series of studies on tissue regeneration conducted in multiple institutions including the Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University. Materials and Methods: Studies were performed divided into the following three subjects; 1) Development of three-dimensional nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) scaffold for facilitating drug release and cell adhesion. 2) Synergistic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) application simultaneously with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on HA scaffolds. 3) The efficacy of silk scaffolds coated with n-HA. Also, all results were analyzed by subjects. Results: Hollow hydroxyapatite spherical granules were found to be a useful tool for the drug release and avidin-biotin binding system for cell attachment. Also, BMMSC simultaneously with PRP applied in an animal bone defect model was seen to be more synergistic than in the control group. But, the efficacy of periodontal ligament cells and dental pulp cells with silk scaffolds could not be confirmed in the initial phase of bone healing. Conclusion: The ideal combination of three elements of tissue engineering-scaffolds, cells and signaling molecules could be substantiated due to further investigations with the potentials and limitations of the suggested list of studies.

• 대한치위생과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2019

본 연구는 수도권에 거주하는 서비스직 아르바이트 중인 대학생 150명, 비서비스직인 대학생 150명을 대상으로 2018년 4월 26일부터 5월 5일까지 자가구취인식도가 구강보건관리실천도에 미치는 영향력 알아보고자 설문조사를 실시한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 서비스직군에서 칫솔질을 하는 목적은 '충치와 잇몸병 예방'과 '구취' 항목이 주를 이룬 반면, 비서비스직군에서는 '충치와 잇몸병 예방'과 '상쾌한 기분' 항목에 가장 많은 응답을 한 것으로 나타났다(x²=18.21, p<0.001). 2. 서비스직군과 비서비스직군 모두에서 구취의 원인은 백태와 음식물이 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다(x²=10.95, p=0.027). 3. 서비스직 유무에 따른 자가구취인식도와 구강보건관리실천도의 평균분석에 따르면, 서비스직군에서 모든값이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 4. 자가구취인식과 구강보건관리실천도는 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다(γ=-0.11, p<0.05). 5. 성별과 학년을 보정한 회귀분석모델에서, 자가구취인식도가 한 단위 증가하면 구강보건관리실천도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(Beta=-0.185, p=0.02). 이상과 같이 서비스직 유무에 따른 아르바이트 종사자 대학생을 대상으로 자가구취인식도가 구강보건관리 실천도에 미치는 영향을 확인해 본 결과, 서비스직 아르바이트에 종사하는 대학생의 자가구취인식도가 높을수록 구강보건관리실천도에 미치는 영향이 증가하는 것을 근거로 서비스직 종사자의 구강건강향상 및 증진을 위한 구강건강 프로그램 및 홍보등의 체계적인 개입이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

베이스메이크업 중의 하나인 프레스드 파우더는 주요 품질 속성으로 밀착성과 발림성이다. 일반적으로 메이크업 화장료에서 밀착성을 향상시키면 반대속성인 발림성이 저하되기 때문에 밀착성과 발림성을 동시에 충족시키는데 한계가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지 주요 속성을 만족시키기 위해서 air jet mill 공정을 시도하였고, lauroyl lysine (LL)과 sodium cocoyl glutamate (SCG)의 혼합물로 습식 코팅 처리한 sericite를 적용하여 밀착성을 향상시켰다. 또한, 분산성이 단분산성을 이루고 있는 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)와 diphenyl dimethicone/ vinyl diphenyl dimethicone/ silsesquioxane crosspolymer (DDVDDSC)를 적용하여 발림성을 향상시켜 서로 양립하기 어려운 두 가지 품질 속성을 모두 만족시켰다. air jet mill 공정은 제약, 식품 산업에서 주로 적용되고 있으며 화장품 분야에서는 파우더 소재 가공을 위해 사용되고 있는 공법이다. 본 연구에서는 air jet mill 공정을 제조 공정단계에서 접목시켜 최적의 입경인 $6.8{\mu}m$의 화장료를 완성할 수 있었다. 그리고, EDS 매핑으로 Ti 원소가 화장료에서 전체적으로 고르게 분포하고 있음을 확인하였고, SEM 분석을 통하여 판상 입자의 모서리 부분이 둥글게 가공처리 됨을 확인하였다. 이는 화장 도구를 이용하여 화장료를 취하여 피부에 도포할 때, 발림성이 향상되는 효과를 줄 수 있다고 판단된다. 피부 친화성이 우수한 LL과 저자극이면서 코코넛에서 유래한 SCG를 습식 코팅하여 sericite의 밀착성을 더욱 향상시켰다. 그리고, PMMA의 분산성과 형태가 발림성에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 SEM을 분석하였다. 유사한 형태를 갖는 구형 및 진구형에서도 분포도가 균일하고 단분산상일 때 발림성 효과가 더욱 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. PMMA의 단분산성과 입경에 따른 발림성을 동마찰계수 측정으로 확인하였고, 최적의 함량을 결정하였다. 그리고, 실리콘 러버 파우더 종류에 따른 발림성과 경도, 낙하안정성 등을 확인하여 DDVDDSC를 결정하였다. 최종적으로 PMMA의 단분산성과 실리콘 러버 파우더가 발림성에 영향을 끼치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 화장료는 적정한 경도를 갖으면서도 낙하안정성이 우수하며, 경시에 따른 안정성도 우수하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 본 논문에서 제시하는 프레스드 파우더의 밀착성과 발림성을 향상시킬 수 있는 한 가지 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.