• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.277-279
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• 2022

Rapid Development and adoption of AIS as a survailance tool has resulted in widespread application of data analysis technology, in addition to AIS ship trajectory clustering. AIS data-based clustering has become an increasingly popular method for marine traffic pattern recognition, ship route prediction and anomaly detection in recent year. In this paper we propose a route waypoint extraction by clustering ships CoG variance trajectory using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm in both port approach channel and coastal waters. The algorithm discovers route waypoint effectively. The result of the study could be used in traffic route extraction, and more-so develop a maritime anomaly detection tool.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

지난 22년 동안의 선박 통항자료와 2015년부터 2017년까지 3년 동안 매년 72시간씩 실시간 선박 통항량 조사를 통해 여수광양항의 해상교통량의 장기변동과 출입항로에 대한 통항특성을 분석하였다. 2017년도 기준으로, 여수광양항의 선박 통항척수는 약 66,000척이며, 선복량은 약 804,564천톤으로 1996년도 189,906천톤에 비해 400 % 이상 증가하였고 위험화물 물동량은 140,000천톤으로 1996년에 비해 250 % 이상 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 실시간 선박 통항량 조사결과, 1일 평균 통항 선박은 357척이며 통항로 이용율은 낙포해역이 28.1 %, 특정해역이 43.8 %, 연안통항로와 돌산연안 및 금오도 수역이 6.8 %로 동일하였다. 다수의 항로가 만나는 낙포해역은 선박간의 병항 및 교차항행이 가장 빈번했으며, 특정해역도 주변의 연안통항로에서 소형 작업선들이 다수 진출입하여 대형 선박과 교차되는 경우가 자주 발생하였다. 화물선박의 묘박지 투묘 대기율은 약 24 % 정도였으며, 케미컬선, 유조선 등의 위험화물 선박의 야간 통항율은 약 20 %에 달하였다. 여수광양항의 선박 통항량은 매년 증가하지만 선박 통항로는 과거와 큰 차이가 없기에 사고의 위험이 상존한다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 다수의 항로가 중첩되어 통항 선박간의 사고 위험이 높은 제1항로 ~ 제4항로의 준설 및 항로 확장, 항로 부근 암초 제거, 항로표지 보강 등 항로 여건을 우선적으로 개선할 필요가 있다. 또한 위험성이 높은 항만의 진출입 시간과 위험화물 선박의 통항시간을 일부 제한할 수 있도록 항행규칙을 개정할 필요가 있으며, 연안통항로를 이용하는 소형 선박들의 통항관리를 적극적으로 시행할 수 있도록 VTS체계의 고도화가 요구된다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.539-549
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• 2016

This study analyzed ship's passing characteristics in relation with incoming and outgoing routes in Yeosu Gwangyang Port, and examined the risk factors and measures for safety management of marine traffic. The number of passing ships in Yeosu Gwangyang Port was about 60,000 ships annually based on 2014, and the tonnage rose 73% from 447,000 thousand tons in 2005 to 770,000 thousand tons in 2014. Actually, the number of large passing ships was revealed to enormously increase. As a result of marine traffic survey in Yeosu Gwangyang Port for three days in August 2015, daily average passing ships were 408 ships, and 77% of the total passing ships passed between 04:00 and 20:00. The chemical ships and general cargo ships took up the most at 58% of the total incoming and outgoing ships, followed by other work ships at 21%, tankers at 8%, fishing vessels at 7.5% and container ships at 5.5%. Concerning the size of passing ships, ships less than 1,000 tons accounted for 58.6% of the total passing ships. Ships of 1,000-5,000 tons were 20.1%, and those of 5,000-10,000 tons were 6.8%, and more than 10,000 tons were 14.4%. Especially, ships of 500 tons and less using mainly coastal passing routes took up 49% of the total passing ships. As for ship's passage ratio by route, Nakpo sea area where many routes meet accounted for 27.2%, specified area 49%, costal route 8%, specified area's incoming and outgoing sea area around Daedo 4.5%, and Dolsan coastal ara and Kumhodo sea area 8.5%. The number of ships standing by for anchoring in the six designated anchorages was 230 for three days. The standby rate for anchoring was 25% based on the specified area passing ships. In Nakpo sea area, where many routes meet, parallel passing and cross passing between ships occurred the most frequently. In the specified area, many cases, in which incoming and outgoing cargo ships at the starting and ending parts and incoming and outgoing work ships and fishing vessels at the coastal routes cross, took place. Consequently, the following measures are urgently needed: active passing management in the Nakpo sea area, where passing routes are complex, specified areas and costal traffic routes, the elimination of rocks in the route close to Myodo, an effort to improve routes including shallow depth area dredging, and rational safety management for small work ships frequently incoming and outgoing the passing routes of large ships, and fishing vessels operated in the sea areas around those passing routes.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2015

A ship's sailing route or plan is determined by the master as the decision maker of the vessel, and depends on the characteristics of the navigational environment and the conditions of the ship. The trajectory, which appears as a result of the ship's navigation, is monitored and stored by a Vessel Traffic Service center, and is used for an analysis of the ship's navigational pattern and risk assessment within a particular area. However, such an analysis is performed in the same manner, despite the different navigational environments between coastal areas and the harbor limits. The navigational environment within the harbor limits changes rapidly owing to construction of the port facilities, dredging operations, and so on. In this study, a support vector machine was used for processing and modeling the trajectory data. A K-fold cross-validation and a grid search were used for selecting the optimal parameters. A complicated traffic route similar to the circumstances of the harbor limits was constructed for a validation of the model. A group of vessels was composed, each vessel of which was given various speed and course changes along a specified route. As a result of the machine learning, the optimal route and voyage data model were obtained. Finally, the model was presented to Vessel Traffic Service operators to detect any anomalous vessel behaviors. Using the proposed data modeling method, we intend to support the decision-making of Vessel Traffic Service operators in terms of navigational patterns and their characteristics.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.45-59
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• 1999

This paper aims, first to analyse the profitability of coastal passenger ships deployed on both subsidized and non-subsidized routes, ie competitive routes, in Korea, second to evaluate them by route, by ship type, and by ship size, and finally to identify whether the ships deployed on subsidized routes are justifiable to receive subsidy from the government. They are followed by the analyses on the profitability of all ships on the coastal routes and their dependence rate of subsidy. The research covers the period of 1995-1997. The research results say that 35% of the total subsidized routes has more than 90% of subsidy dependence rate and that some monopolized routes among subsidized ones with moderate rate of profitability need to be crossed out from the list of subsidy beneficiary. In addition, some ships deployed are not appropriate type in terms of characteristics of route and traffic. One of implications drawn from this study is that the government has to set up a watchdog to monitor subsidized routes, which enables to make them competitive and save the budget.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2014

e-Navigation은 선박의 안전과 보안 및 해양환경 보호를 목적으로 선박의 출항에서 입항까지 전 과정에 있어 선박과 육상 간 필요정보를 수집, 통합, 교환, 표현 및 분석하는 체계를 구축하는 정책이다. 북유럽에서는 이 정책의 수행과제들 중 하나로 선박 대 선박 그리고 선박 대 육상 사이에 선박 경로정보를 교환하는 방식을 고안하였다. 현재는 주변 선박 간 경로정보를 교환하여 항행정보로 활용하는 방안부터 항해계획상의 전 경로에 대해 육상과 선박 간 다양한 정보를 공유하는 방안까지 다양한 연구를 진행 중이며, 향후 경로교환시스템이 선박통합항행시스템의 주요 기능으로 구현될 때에는 현재의 해상교통관제 방식에도 커다란 변화를 가져올 것으로 예상된다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 북유럽에서 시작한 경로교환 선행연구를 소개하고 실제 선박충돌사고 사례에 가상 적용하여 그 실효성을 확인하였다. 더불어 관제해역 내 적용 시 문제점을 분석하고 개선방안으로 선박 주도가 아닌 VTS 중심의 경로교환 방안을 도출하였으며, 관련 관제장비의 기능 개선안과 연안 해상교통관제에 해상교통조정 기능의 필요성과 방향성을 검토하여 우리나라 연안에 적합한 경로공유 방안을 제시하였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2017

The major cause of the marine accidents is the collision with a moving object such as ship as well as the fixed object such as breakwater. Therefore, the most effective way to reduce the maritime ship accidents is the prevention of collision. In order to decrease the collision, it is principle that the navigation officer promptly judges the dangerous condition and makes the quick response. The ship does not allow any object or other ships approaching its surrounded area called ship area so that it prevents the collision. Generally, the ship which has high speed or poor maneuvering capability shall be managed from the distance so that the other ship does not invade its ship domains(watching distance, blocking distance). Accordingly, this study sets the navigational risk assessment model by applying ship dynamic domain and collision judgement method considered ship length, speed and navigational capability. It also reviewed the validity of the model and evaluated the perilous water way (Maenggol Channel) and a curved route near Maenggol Channel. As a result, in case of a ship with 100m in length passing Maenggol Channel, it represented "warning" level before 1.5nm to the entry, "dangerous"level 0.75nm before to it and "very dangerous" level 0.5nm before to it and then "dangerous"level again up to the entry. Applying to the curved route also showed the same results as the Narrow Channel or Maenggol Channel. This analysis highly matched with the actual navigation results. In the future, this model will be useful for coastal navigation safety chart development and safety evaluation for route or port development. It also allows to evaluate the dangerous route or the best route by applying the result into ECDIS so that it will finally help to reduce the marine accidents. Eventually the model will be effective for the marine traffic simulation evaluation forced by Maritime Traffic Safety Act.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.302-304
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• 2015

교통안전특정해역은 선박사고의 위험성이 특히 높아 정부가 채택한 연안해역을 의미하나 정작 이 곳에서 적용되는 항법에 대하여는 여전히 논란이 있는 게 사실이며 여수VTS 관제구역에 있는 광양만 출입항로에 있어서는 그 적용이 더 난해한 부분이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에 대한 대책으로서 적극적 관제를 위한 교통안전특정해역에서의 항법적용에 대한 통일된 해석과 적용 방침을 마련하고, 나아가서 해사안전법에서의 특별항법 부분을 별도로 분리 입법하는 방법으로 선박교통안전을 향상하고, 선박교통관제사가 적극적인 업무자세로 집중관제의 토대를 마련하는데 조금이나마 기여하고자 한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1044-1048
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• 2015

Recently, the viability of the Northern Sea Route has been receiving a remarkable amount of attention. Owing to global warming, glaciers in the Arctic Ocean have been melting rapidly, which has opened up navigation routes for ships with commercial as well as research purposes. At present, vessels can be economically operated along the Northern Sea Route four months of the year. However, studies have shown that the economical operating time may increase to six months by 2020 and year-round by 2030. Even though the conditions of the Northern Sea Route are extreme, the main reason for its use is that the route is shorter than the existing route using the Suez Canal, which provides an economic benefit. In addition, 25% of the world's oil reserves and 30% of its natural gas are stored in the coastal areas of the East Siberian Arctic region. Many factors are leading to the expectation of commercial navigation using the Northern Sea Route in the near future. To satisfy future demand, the International Maritime Organization established the Polar Code in order to ensure navigation safety in polar waters; this is expected to enter into force on January 1, 2017. According to the code, a ship needs to reduce its speed and analyze the ice for safe operation before entering into it. It is necessary to enter an ice field at a right angle to break the ice safely and efficiently. This study examined the operation along the course for safe navigation of the passage under several conditions. The results will provide guidelines for traffic officers who will operate ships in the Arctic Ocean.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.68-69
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• 2014

우리나라 관할해역까지 확장된 해상교통 모니터링이 필요하여, 장기적으로는 전 세계 원하는 해역의 선박 모니터링이 요구되는 시점이다. 이를 통해서만 우리의 Sea Line의 확보가 가능하며, 해양 경제영토의 확장이 가능하기 때문이다. 이와 같은 목표를 위한 초기 단계로, 경기만 연안 통합모니터링 시험을 거쳐 2013년 11월에는 이어도해양과학기지에서 실험이 이루어졌으며, 이 결과를 이번 학술대회에서 소개하고자 한다.