• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.64-73
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to establish the management plannings for the conservation and environmentally friendly use of Korean coastal wetlands. The function, economic value, and the necessity for the conservation of coastal wetlands are described. The current management status, Korean Governmental policies for the use of coastal wetlands, and their problems are surveyed and analysed. The management plannings for the environmentally friendly use of Korean coastal wetlands is suggested as follows: (1) The coastal wetlands need to be divided into 3 different regions based on PSR(Pressure, State, Response) of OECD. (2) Each region should be managed by appropriate management plans which are suggested in Chapter IV of this paper. Finally, in order to realize these management plannings the change of Governmental system and laws are suggested as follows: (1) The change of relevant laws is required. Additionally, each region should managed by proper governmental agencies. (2) The EIA(Environmental Impact Assessment) system should be improved. (3) The participation of regional people should be guaranteed in the decision making processes of the business and other important planning regarding coastal wetlands. (4) The system which primed the ecological value of coastal wetlands should be established.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 1997

This study summarizes the use of satellite data to detect the change of southwestern coastal wetlands in Korea. The images used for this study were two Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) images (June 12, 1984 & June 2, 1992). TM images were used to classify such different types of wetlands as aquatic bed, nonaquatic bed and other land use in the region. Then it, was possible to a) determine the status of wetlands using image classification products, and b) detect the changes of various types of wetlands influenced by both human and nature. The results from spatiotemporal analysis showed that approximately 120 lad of coastal wetlands were lost from the year of 1984 to 1992. 71 % of the lost wetlands were converted to the reclaimed land. This loss of wetlands has been causing the profound environmental impacts. It has been successfully proved that satellite data are very effective for spatiatemporal change analysis, especially for that of coastal wetlands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.74-82
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• 1999

This study is aimed to establish the development plannings for the sustainable tourism of Yongyoo Island and Mooeui Island, neighboring areas of Youngjong Island, for the conservation and environmentally friendly use of Korean coastal wetlands. The concepts of sustainable tourism is described. The current development status and its problems of Youngjong Island and its neighboring areas are analysed. The development plannings for sustainable tourism of Yongyoo Island and Mooeui Island are suggested as follows : (1) The small scale tourism development projects, which are able to represent region's own characteristics, instead of large scale ones, should be performed. (2) The participation of community people should be guaranteed at the beginning stage of the decision making processes for tourism development projects. Additionally, the profits of the development should be fairly distributed among community people. (3) The coastal wetlands should be conserved and their sewage disposal capacity should be protected by way of the minimization of reclamation. (4) The coastal wetlands should be developed into the tourist resorts utilizing migratory birds as tourism resources. In addition, the carrying capacity of the coastal wetlands, which is based on the current status of ecosystems and the Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA), should be calculated.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 2013

In 1999, Wetlands Conservation Act was enacted for the domestic implementation of the Ramsar Convention in Korea. According to the Act, wetlands have been managed by the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries(MOF). In the field of coastal wetland of which MOF is in charge, starting with the designation of Muan coastal wetlands as protected area in 2001, there are 12 wetland conservation areas up to $218.96km^2$. Even though there has been rapid growth of protected areas, it is time to give attention to the effective implementation of wetland conservation policies. This study aims to analyze institutional and operational problems related to wetland management and give some recommendations for the improvement of the wetland conservation policy and legal framework.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.52-63
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• 2021

In previous research, the coastal wetlands were detected by using the vegetation indices or land cover classification maps derived from the multispectral bands of the satellite or aerial imagery, and this approach caused the various limitations for detecting the coastal wetlands with high accuracy due to the difficulty of acquiring both land cover and topographic information by using the single remote sensing data. This research suggested the efficient methodology for detecting the coastal wetlands using the sentinel-2 satellite image and SRTM(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) DEM (Digital Elevation Model) acquired in Gomsoman Bay, west coasts of South Korea through the following steps. First, the NDWI(Normalized Difference Water Index) image was generated using the green and near-infrared bands of the given Sentinel-2 satellite image. Then, the binary image that separating lands and waters was generated from the NDWI image based on the pixel intensity value 0.2 as the threshold and the other binary image that separating the upper sea level areas and the under sea level areas was generated from the SRTM DEM based on the pixel intensity value 0 as the threshold. Finally, the coastal wetland map was generated by overlaying analysis of these binary images. The generated coastal wetland map had the 94% overall accuracy. In addition, the other types of wetlands such as inland wetlands or mountain wetlands were not detected in the generated coastal wetland map, which means that the generated coastal wetland map can be used for the coastal wetland management tasks.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2023

The wetland ecosystem has a key role in climate change and can capture and store carbon long-term as blue carbon. Currently, the Republic of Korea and People's Republic of China are preparing for the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Phase II inscription, and cross-border cooperation among the two Koreas and the People's Republic of China is expected in term of the coastal wetland in the Yellow Sea region. However, there is a lack of research on the importance of coastal wetland in the Yellow Sea region for migratory bird habitats, roosting sites, feeding grounds, and stop-over sites. Thus, this study focused on the coastal wetland of the Yellow Sea region, including the southwestern coastal wetlands in the Republic of Korea, the Yancheng National Nature Reserve in the People's Republic of China designated as UNESCO World Natural Heritage, and the Mundok Migratory Bird Reserve in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which is listed on the Tentative List. The cooperation for ecosystem conservation between the two Koreas and China was analyzed. The importance of coastal wetlands in the Yellow Sea region as habitats for migratory birds, roosting sites, feeding grounds, and stop-over sites, significant characteristics of Yellow Sea coastal wetlands, and conditions for cooperation among three countries, were analyzed. The direction of ecosystem conservation cooperation for coastal wetlands in the Yellow Sea region in this study will be developed into Pan-Yellow Sea conservation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2019

Background: Organic carbon stored in coastal wetlands, which comprises the major part of oceanic "blue carbon," is a subject of growing interest and concern. In this study, organic carbon storage in coastal wetlands and its economic value were estimated using the raw data of 25 studies related to soil carbon storage. Data were collected from three tidal flats (one protected and two developed areas) and two estuarine salt marshes (one protected and one restored area). Bulk density, soil organic matter content, and standing biomass of vegetation were all considered, with Monte Carlo simulation applied to estimate the uncertainty. Results: Mean carbon storage in two salt marshes ranged between 14.6 and $25.5kg\;C\;m^{-2}$. Mean carbon storage in tidal flats ranged from 18.2 to $28.6kg\;C\;m^{-2}$, with variability possibly related to soil texture. The economic value of stored carbon was estimated by comparison with the price of carbon in the emission trading market. The value of US $ $6600\;ha^{-1}$ is ~ 45% of previously estimated ecosystem services from fishery production and water purification functions in coastal areas. Conclusions: Although our study sites do not cover all types of large marine ecosystem, this study highlights the substantial contribution of coastal wetlands as carbon sinks and the importance of conserving these habitats to maximize their ecosystem services.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to construct a GIS / DB by grasping a small but ecologically valuable village wetland distribution, and to propose conservation management and wise use plan. The study area is Seocheon-gun, a typical farming village. Firstly, based on the digital topographical map (1:5,000), the Arc-GIS tool was used to identify the provisional(draft) village wetlands. In addition, for the management of village wetlands, wetlands with an area of more or less than $625m^2$ each were derived and according to ecological regions study area was classified into urban areas, inland areas and coastal areas. And finally, according to the wetland identifying indicators, the village wetlands were identified as the final village wetlands through indoor and field trips. The results of the study show that there are 570 village wetlands in Seocheon - gun province, which are 74 in urban areas, 220 in inland areas, and 276 in coastal areas. The case study for village wetland identification was conducted in one out of two urban areas (Seocheon - eup), two of four coastal areas (Biin - myeon and Seo - myeon), and three of seven inland areas (Masan - myeon, Hansan - myeon, and Sicho - myeon). The distribution of village wetlands was found mainly to be a village wetland with an area of less than $625m^2$. In addition, compared with inland areas, the discrimination rate of village wetlands in coastal areas and urban areas was relatively low, indicating that inland areas were still less disturbed, and land use in urban areas and coastal areas is changing rapidly. Especially, land with less awareness such as village wetlands is relatively easily damaged, and management strategy is urgent.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2000

연안습지에서는 생태적으로 많은 생산물이 만들어진다고 평가되어 왔다. 이런 점들을 이용하여 연안습지를 연안환경관리에 적용하면 수질정화 등 다양한 효과를 볼 수 있다. 생태계 기능중 에너지흐름과 유기물, 영양염류가 연안습지의 수질정화에 중요하게 관계된다. 연안습지는 수생식물이 식재된 공간을 거치면서 처리되고, 토사나 오염물질의 유입을 방지하기 위한 공간의 조성과 바닥에서 영양염의 흡수 및 식물플랑크톤을 억제하는 방법이 적용될 수 있다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.93-114
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• 2002

Legal regimes of major countries actively involved in wetland programs including USA, Japan, Germany, Netherlands, and Denmark, show that these leading nations have developed their own legal regimes and policies for the conservation and restoration of wetlands since early 1990s. The main feature of their position is to preserve, create and restore wetlands, including tidal flats. However, this approach, so called 'mitigation' policy, is thus far, not a fully established policy but an evolving one. For Korea, there are only a few laws and policies which hint at the importance of creating coastal wetlands as a conservation measure, however, most of those systems only exist as vague provisions which lack any tangible and compulsory implementing procedures and technical guidelines. It seems that it is necessary to strengthen the legal measures for conserving coastal wetlands in Korea including specifying economic assessment methods and funding sources for the creation, restoration and rehabilitation of tidal flats to firmly establish a national wetland mitigation policy.