• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 1997

Few attempts have been made to discover the ecological function of coarse woody debris (CWD) despite its importance to small mammal population. Twenty-five pitfall traps and a hundred live traps were placed in three sites with high amounts of CWD and three sites with low amounts of CWD. Eleven species were caught, and Peromyscus maniculatus was the most abundant (45.6%, n=605). Among 11 speices, abundance of Tamias townsendii and Clethronomys gapperi were higher in sites with high amounts of CWD than in sites with low amounts of CWD. Home range size was larger in breeding season than in non-breeding season indicating mating search. Resident time of Peromyscus maniculatus was longer in sites with high amounts of CWD implying better stability in population. The increasing amount of coarse woody debris (CWD) enhanced the habitat use by small mammals, and animals in high amounts of CWD were more abundant and stable in population fluctuation. This study, therefore, concludes that CWD is a critical habitat element for small mammals in forest ecosystem.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2012

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is generally considered dead woody material in various stages of forest decomposition and has been hypothesized to be an important habitat feature for mammals in forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Sherman and pitfall trapping were conducted for 2 years on three paired sites with low and high amounts of CWD. Deer mice was the dominant species with a total capture of 605 (45.6%). Four species of insectivores were captured, including Sorex moncicolus, S. trowbridgii, S. vagrans, and Neurotrichus gibbsii. A Poisson regression model was used to test whether 11 CWD variables could predict insectivore captures. The volume of logs and mean decay were important variables for deer mice use of CWD. Mean distance from pieces of CWD to the capture point was significantly related to the total number of captures of trowbridge shrew (Sorex trowbridgii) and all insectivore species. Vagrant shrews (Sorex vagrans) were significantly associated with log volume. Retaining large size CWD should be part of a management plan for ground-dwelling insectivores in forests to secure their biodiversity.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1996년도 한국생물과학협회 국제학술대회
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• pp.114.1-114
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2004

Coarse woody debris (CWD, $\ge$ 5 cm in maximum diameter) is an important functional component, especially to nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. To compare mass and nutrient dynamics of CWD in natural oak forests, a two-year study was conducted at Quercus serrata and Q. variabilis stands in Yangpyeong, Kyonggi Province. Total CWD (snag, stump, log and large branch) and annual decomposition mass (Mg/ha) were 1.9 and 0.4 for the Q. serrata stand and 7.5 and 0.5 for the Q. variabilis stand, respectively. Snags covered 72% of total CWD mass for the Q. variabilis stand and 42% for the Q. serrata stand. Most of CWD was classified into decay class 1 for both stands. CWD N and P concentrations for the Q. variabilis stand significantly increased along decay class and sampling time, except for P concentration in 2002. There were no differences in CWD N concentration for the Q. serrata stand along decay class and sampling time. However, CWD P concentration decreased along sampling time. CWD N and P contents (kg/ha) ranged from 3.5∼4.7 and 0.8∼1.3 for the Q. serrata stand to 22.8∼23.6 and 3.7∼4.7 for the Q. variabilis stand. Nitrogen and P inputs (kg/ha/yr) into mineral soil through the CWD decomposition were 0.7 and 0.3 for the Q. serrata stand and 1.6 and 0.3 for the Q. variabilis stand, respectively. The number of CWD and decay rate were main factors influencing the difference in CWD mass and nutrient dynamics between both stands.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2015

This study presents an estimate of on-site surface fuel loadings composed of coarse woody debris (CWD) using $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory (NFI) data in South Korea. We classified CWD data into forest type, region and decay class, and used conversion factors by decay class and tonne of oil equivalent developed in the country. In 2010, the total wildfire fuel load of CWD was estimated as 8.9 million TOE; those of coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests were 3.5 million TOE, 2.8 million TOE and 2.6 million TOE, respectively. Gangwon Province had the highest wildfire fuel load of CWD (2.3 million TOE), whereas Seoul exhibited the lowest wildfire fuel load of CWD (0.02 million TOE). Wildfire fuel loads of CWD were estimated as 2.9 million TOE, 1.9 million TOE, 2.4 million TOE and 1.7 million TOE for decay classes I, II, III and IV, respectively. The total wildfire fuel load of CWD corresponded to the calorific value of 8.2 million tons crude oil, 2.46% of that of living trees. Proportionate to the growing stock, total wildfire fuel load of CWD was in a broad distinction by region, while its TOE $ha^{-1}$ was not. This implies that there is no need to establish different guidelines by region for management of CWD. The results of this work provide a baseline study for scientific policy guidelines on preventing wildfires by proposing CWD as wildfire fuel load.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2019

The objective of this research was to assess the amount of carbon stock of coarse woody debris (CWD) in Bombo-Lumene Reserve. Data on lying CWD was collected on 35 circular sampling plots using Line Intersect Sampling (LIS) method. A total of 230 samples CWD (${\geq}10cm$ diameter) were inventoried. The mean carbon stocks of CWD was $29.48Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$, ranging from 4.32 to $73.54Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$. The CWD carbon stocks displayed a wide range of variation in decay states. The allocation of CWD among the decay class of all the CWD samples reveals that the most important classes were class 1 and class 3 with 323.66 and $321.96Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$, followed by class 4 with 264.56 and the last one was class 2 with $121.72Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$. The results suggested that the dead wood component is important in carbon sequestration and should be taken into consideration for quantification of carbon stocks not only in Bombo-Lumene Reserve, but in all forest ecosystems in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

흰개미는 전세계적으로 2600여종 이상이 보고되었으며, 집을 형성하고 군체를 이루는 등 각종 생존 전략을 바탕으로 다양한 생태계에서 살아가고 있다. 그런데 근래 흰개미 활동이 육상 생태계의 탄소 순환에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려지면서 이에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 관련 연구 결과를 분석한 결과, 흰개미의 활동은 토양 유기탄소 농도 변화, 메탄 발생 및 유기물 분해 등을 조절하여 탄소 순환에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 흰개미집은 흰개미 생물량이 집중된 지점으로 일반 토양에 비하여 평균 1.8배 많은 유기탄소를 함유하며, 열대 산림 및 사바나 지역에서 연간 $0.0-6.0kg\;ha^{-1}$의 메탄을 방출하는 메탄의 점 발생원이었다. 또한 흰개미의 섭식 활동은 고사목의 부피 대비 표면적의 비율을 증가시켜 고사목 분해를 가속화하였다. 이 중에서도 Rhinotermitidae과 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해는 온대 산림의 탄소 순환에서 중요한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 이에 대한 연구는 극히 부족한 실정이므로 온대 산림에서의 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해 연구가 필요하다. 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해는 고사목을 결의 수직 방향으로 잘라 만든 단판 시료에 흰개미의 접근을 차단한 후 분해되도록 하고, 처리하지 않은 시료의 분해율과 비교함으로써 연구할 수 있다. 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해 연구를 통하여 육상 생태계 중 특히 온대 산림에서의 탄소 순환을 보다 명확히 이해할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제110권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2021

기후변화 영향의 심각성을 인지한 국제사회의 움직임에 발맞춰 우리 정부는 2050 탄소중립 선언을 통해 지속가능한 탄소중립 사회를 지향하고 있으며, 국가 온실가스 감축 목표의 이행을 위해 산림부문을 적극적으로 활용한 전략을 수행중이다. 특히 산림 내 고사목은 탄소저장고로서의 역할을 담당하므로 고정표본점에 대하여 모니터링이 이루어지는 국가산림자원조사(National Forest Inventory; NFI)에서 수집되는 고사목 자료를 활용하여 고사목 축적량과 고사목의 탄소저장량 변화 특성을 구명하는 것은 의의가 크다. 따라서 본 연구는 각 차수별(제5차-제7차 NFI) 고사목 자료를 활용하여 동일표 본점 내 고사목의 발생 현황 및 탄소저장량을 산출하고 시간에 따른 변화 특성을 분석하였다. 강원도 산림에서 각 차수별로 모니터링이 가능한 동일 표본점 2,021개를 분석한 결과 조사차수별 고사목 축적량(m³ ha^-1)은 제5차 및 제6차 NFI에서 각각 4.71과 4.09로 나타났으나, 제7차 NFI에서는 3.09로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 연도별 고사목의 탄소저장량(ton C ha^-1)은 2009년 0.67, 2014년 0.64, 그리고 2019년 0.41로 분석되어, 시간의 흐름에 따른 감소추세를 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과를 기초자료로 활용하여 향후 전국 산림에 대한 고사목의 탄소저장량 추정 및 시계열적 변화 특성에 대한 지속적인 모니터링 연구가 수행될 필요가 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.441-449
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• 1995

The abundance of coarse woody debris (CWD) has been hypothesized to increase niche for forest dwelling insectivores, concentration of nutrients, and the diversity of invertebrates. However, no abjective assessment based on replication in the field has yet been done. this study was carried out to test the relationships between invertebrate availability and the abundance of four insectivores (Sorex trowbridgii, S. vagrans, S. monticolus and Neurotrichus gibbsii) in western Washington, USA. Pitfall traps were used to determine abundance and diversity of invertebrates. Abundance of insectivores was not different between habitats except for S. vagrans which was more abundant in habitats with low amounts of CWD than in habitats with high amounts of CWD. Simpson’s diversity index computed for invertebrates did not differ between habitats. There were no significant relationships between the diversity indices of invertebrates and the abundance of shrews. Shrew abundance and the Coleoperan beetles also did not show any significant relationship. The results suggested insectivores might select a wide range of prey items in addition to surface-active invertebrates.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권3호
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• pp.365-369
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• 2006

본 연구는 강원도 삼척시 검봉산 일대의 침엽수림 지역에서 2000년 발생한 산불피해 후 복원방법에 따라 각각 산림환경이 다른 조림지역과 자연복원지역, 미피해지역에서 설치류의 서식밀도 및 체중 차이를 파악하기 위해 2004년 7월부터 2004년 9월까지 실시되었다. 조사 결과 산불 미피해지역과 자연복원지역 간 설치류의 개체군 밀도는 차이가 없는 반면, 조림지역에서 가장 낮았다. 체중 역시 조림지역이 다른 지역에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 자연복원지역이 조림지역에 비해 설치류의 서식밀도 및 체중이 높게 나타난 것은 지면의 수목잔존물(CWD, coarse woody debris)과 하층식생이 커버(cover)로써 설치류에게 적합한 서식환경을 제공하는 것으로 판단된다.