• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 2012

The study aims to analyze economic viability of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, an innovative technology to utilize clean coal effectively and efficiently in the era of energy crisis. The study is conducted to evaluate business value of 300 MW IGCC demonstration plant technology development based on binomial option, in consideration of uncertainty of fuel price. Binomial option is one of the real option valuation methods, which is ideally suited to irreversible decision making under uncertainty. With this analysis, it shows that investment value is higher compared with economic evaluation based on discounted cash flow, since this method can measure quantity. As a result, this study is proved to be economically feasible, which have a positive impact on the next generation of IGCC and the connection with Carbon Capture and Storage.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.592-602
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• 2014

In the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), the stability of the gasifier has strong influences on the rest of the plant as it supplies the feed to the rest of the power generation system. In order to ensure a safe and stable operation of the entrained-flow gasifier and for protection of the gasifier wall from the high internal temperature, the solid slag layer thickness should be regulated tightly but its control is hampered by the lack of on-line measurement for it. In this study, a previously published dynamic simulation model of a Shell-type gasifier is reproduced and two different linear model predictive control strategies are simulated and compared for multivariable control of the entrained-flow gasifier. The first approach is to control a measured secondary variable as a surrogate to the unmeasured slag thickness. The control results of this approach depended strongly on the unmeasured disturbance type. In other words, the slag thickness could not be controlled tightly for a certain type of unmeasured disturbance. The second approach is to estimate the unmeasured slag thickness through the Kalman filter and to use the estimate to predict and control the slag thickness directly. Using the second approach, the slag thickness could be controlled well regardless of the type of unmeasured disturbances.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.632-638
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• 2013

This paper describes on the flame stability and combustion instability of coal derived synthetic gas especially for gases of Buggenum IGCC in Netherlands and Taean IGCC in Korea. These combustion characteristics were observed by conducting ambient-pressure elevated-temperature combustion tests in GE7EA model combustor when varying heat input and nitrogen dilution ratio. Flame stability map is plotted according to the flame structure by dividing all regimes into six, and only regime I and II are identified to be stable. Both syngases of Taean and Buggenum with nitrogen integration corresponds to regime II in which syngas burnt stably and flame coupled with outer recirculation flow. Stable regime of Buggenum is larger than that of Taean when considering only $H_2$/CO ratio due to higher content of hydrogen. However, when considering nitrogen dilution, syngas of Taean is burnt more stably than that of Buggenum since more nitrogen in Buggenum has negative effect on the stability of flame.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.639-648
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• 2013

This paper describes on the NOx/CO emission characteristics, temperature characteristics and flame structures when firing coal derived synthetic gas especially for gases of Buggenum and Taean IGCC. These combustion characteristics were observed by conducting ambient-pressure elevated-temperature combustion tests in GE7EA model combustor when varying heat input and nitrogen dilution ratio. Nitrogen addition caused decrement in adiabatic flame temperature, thus resulting in the NOx reduction. At low heat input condition, nitrogen dilution raised the CO emission dramatically due to incomplete combustion. These NOx reduction and CO arising phenomena were observed at certain flame temperature of $1500^{\circ}C$ and $1250^{\circ}C$, respectively. As increasing nitrogen dilution, adiabatic flame temperature and combustor liner temperature were decreased and singular points were detected due to change in flame structure such as flame lifting. From the results, the effect of nitrogen dilution on the NOx/CO and flame structure was examined, and the test data will be utilized as a reference to achieve optimal operating condition of the Taean IGCC demonstration plant.

• Clean Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.266-273
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• 2007

The adsorption properties of the activated carbon-based adsorbents were studied to remove COS emitted from $SO_2$ catalytic reduction process on the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system in this work. Transition metal supported catalysts and mixed metal oxide catalysts were used for the $SO_2$ catalytic reduction. The mechanism of COS produced from the $SO_2$ reduction and the COS concentration s according to the reaction temperature were investigated. In this study, an activated carbon and a modified activated carbon doped with KOH were used to remove the very low concentration of COS effectively. The adsorption rate and the breakthrough time of COS were measured by a thermo gravity analyzer (TGA, Cahn Balance) and a fixed bed flow reactor equipped with GC-pulsed flammable photometric detector (PFPD), respectively. It was confirmed that the COS breakthrough time of the activated carbon doped with KOH was longer than that of an activated carbon. In conclusion, the modified-activated carbon having a high surface area showed a high adsorption rate of COS produced from the $SO_2$ reduction.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 2014

In order to regenerate the sulfidated desulfurization sorbent, oxygen is used as the oxidant agent on the regeneration process. The small amount of oxygen un-reacted in regeneration process is flowed into direct sulfur recovery process. However, the reactivity for $SO_2$ reduction can be deteriorated with the un-reacted oxygen by various reasons. In this study, the deactivation effects of un-reacted oxygen contained in the off-gas of regeneration process flowed into direct sulfur recovery process of hot gas desulfurization system were investigated. Sn-Zr based catalysts were used as the catalyst for $SO_2$ reduction. The contents of $SO_2$ and $O_2$ contained in the regenerator off-gas used as the reactants were fixed to 5.0 vol% and 4.0 vol%, respectively. The catalytic activity tests with a Sn-Zr based catalyst were for $SO_2$ reduction performed at $300-450^{\circ}C$ and 1-20 atm. The un-reacted oxygen oxidized the elemental sulfur produced by $SO_2$ catalytic reduction and the conversion of $SO_2$ was reduced due to the production of $SO_2$. However, the temperature for the oxidation of elemental sulfur increased with increasing pressure in the catalytic reactor. Therefore, it was concluded that the decrease of reactivity at high pressure is occurred by catalytic deactivation, which is the re-oxidation of lattice oxygen vacancy in Sn-Zr based catalyst with the un-reacted oxygen on the catalysis by redox mechanism. Meanwhile the un-reacted oxygen oxidized CO supplied as the reducing agent and the temperature in the catalyst packed bed also increased due to the combustion of CO. It was concluded that the rapidly increasing temperature in the packed bed can induce the catalytic deactivation such as the sintering of active components.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

The Korean government made the 2nd Energy Basic Plan to achieve 11% of new and renewable energies distribution rate until 2035 as a response to cope with international discussion about greenhouse gas emission reduction. Renewable energies include solar thermal, photovoltaic, bioenergy, wind power, small hydropower, geothermal energy, ocean energy, and waste energy. New energies contain fuel cells, coal gasification and liquefaction, and hydrogen. As public and private investment to enhance the distribution of new and renewable energies, it is necessary to clarify the economic effects of the new and renewable energies sector. To the end, this study attempts to apply an input-output analysis and analyze the economic effects of new and renewable energies sector using 2012 input-output table. Three topics are dealt with. First, production-inducing effect, value-added creation effect, and employment-inducing effect are quantified based on demand-driven model. Second, supply shortage effects are analyzed employing supply-driven model. Lastly, price pervasive effects are investigated applying Leontief price model. The results of this analysis are as follows. First, one won of production or investment in new and renewable energies sector induces 2.1776 won of production and 0.7080 won of value-added. Moreover, the employment-inducing effect of one billion won of production or investment in new and renewable energies sector is estimated to be 9.0337 persons. Second, production shortage cost from one won of supply failure in new and renewable energies sector is calculated to be 1.6314 won, which is not small. Third, the impact of the 10% increase in new and renewable energies rate on the general price level is computed to be 0.0123%, which is small. This information can be utilized in forecasting the economic effects of new and renewable energies sector.