• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.903-910
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the applicability of muffins and the optimal ratio of batter mixture by adding mugwort with various functions and physiological active substances. In result of examining the quality characteristics of muffins after adding frozen-dried mugwort powder by 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, or 7%, the moisture retaining capacity of muffin batter was lowest with MPM0, the control group, and the deposition was highest at $17.94m{\ell}$ with MPM0. The pH value of muffin batter was highest at 8.62 with MPM0 and moisture decreased significantly (p<0.001) when more mugwort powder was added to the sample. The brightness increased significantly (p<0.001) when the amount of frozen-dried mugwort powder decreased and redness and yellowness decreased when the addition of mugwort powder increased. The height and volume of mugwort muffins were lowest at 4.75 cm and $135.69m{\ell}$ with MPM7 with the greatest value of frozen-dried mugwort powder. The loss at baking of mugwort muffins was lowest at 2.27% with MPM7. The hardness of mugwort muffins was highest with MPM7 with the highest mugwort powder content. Coagulation and resilience was highest at 0.64 with the MPM0 control group and the chewiness increased significantly (p<0.001) with greater amount of frozen-dried mugwort powder. The appearance of mugwort muffins was highest at 6.1 with MPM5 and the most preferable color and flavors were found with MPM3. Tenderness was highest with the MPM0 control group. Overall preferability was highest with MPM3 with 3% frozen-dried mugwort powder. When adding frozen-dried mugwort powder to muffins, the 3% and control groups mostly showed the highest values, whereas the 5% group and higher groups showed lower values.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.260-271
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• 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the safety of Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai hydrothermal extract powder. It was conducted using male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The test group was established with dose of 500 (low-dosage group), 1,000 (medium- dosage group), and 2,000 (high- dosage group) mg/day. These are investigated that number of dead animals, general symptoms, weight changes, food consumption, ophthalmological examination, urinalysis, urine volume, hematological values, plasma coagulation time values, serum biochemical values, absolute organ weight, relative organ weight and histopathological finding during the experiment. As a result of the above, toxicological changes were not observed. Therefore, the non-toxic content of Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai hydrothermal extract powder is determined to be 2,000 mg/kg/day, and target organ was not observed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.175-180
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• 2009

Recently, as the male silkworm pupae, bee pupae have the potential that strengths men's vitality on vascular endothelial nitric oxide in endothelial cells. Especially we prepared alcohol extract of pupae of bumblebee, native bee named Hobakbul, Bombus ignitus. The alcohol extract of pupae of B. ignitus was administered to rats at doses of 0, 0.04, 0.2, 1 or 2 g/kg as a single oral dose. There were no observed clinical signs or deaths related to treatment in all the groups tested. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of the alcohol extract B. ignitus pupae was considered to be higher than 2 g/kg in rats. Mild decreases in body weight gain in male were observed dose-dependently within B. ignitus pupae alcohol extract treated groups in dose response manner over 2 weeks. Throughout the administration periods, no significant changes in diet consumption, ophthalmologic findings, clinical pathology (hematology, clinical chemistry and coagulation) or gross pathology were detected. Minor changes in male and female rats were found in hematological parameters for all or partial of B. ignitus pupae extract treated groups but all the changes observed were within the physiological range. From these results, it was concluded that there was no-evidence of specific toxicity related to the ingestion of alcohol extract of B. ignitus pupae.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2007

This is the research about the concentration of trace Magnolia flavor components in water by pervaporation. We have investigated the change of selectivity depending on support membrane structure and active layer thickness using prepared PVDF/PDMS composite membrane. Through the pure water flux test for PVDF support membrane, we could indirectly confirm that as the coagulation temperature decreases and the polymer concentration increases, the surface porosity and pore diameter decreases. Appling these results to transport mechanism, we could explain the effect of support membrane structure for the composite membrane. The selectivity increases as the thickness of PDMS active layer increases. We could know that there is a limitation to describe the transport on the active layer by Fick's law through these results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to obtain information regarding classification and health hazards that may result from a 13-week inhalation exposure to 2-methylpentane by Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials: The testing method was conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals No. 413. The rats were divided into four groups(ten male and ten female rats in each group) and exposed to 0 ppm, 290 ppm, 1,160 ppm, 4,640 ppm 2-Methylpentane in each exposure chamber for six hours per day, five days per week, for 13 weeks. Results: No death or particular clinical presentation including weight change and change of feed rate was observed. The relationships between dose, gender and response were also not significantly changed in urinalysis, hematologic examination, or biochemical examination of blood(except for total cholesterol being up, total protein being up, and chloride ion being down in males), and blood coagulation time. For the relative weight measurement of organs, in the male group the weight change of both kidney and liver were increased in proportion to dose. In histopathological examination, nephropathy in the kidney(cystic change of renal tubules, regenerative tubule, inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis in the interstitial tissue) was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the male group(290 ppm, 1,160 ppm, 4,640 ppm). However, other organs were not affected by the test substance. Conclusions: 2-methylpentane was estimated as a chemical causing nephropathy in the male group. NOAEL(No Observable Adverse Effect Level) in the female group is more than 4,640 ppm, while inthe male group it is less than 290 ppm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.150-153
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• 2016

This study evaluates the efficacy of titanium tetrachloride ($TiCl_4$) on phosphorus (P) removal in synthetic wastewater. Jar test experiments were performed at various $TiCl_4$ concentration (0.25-0.59 mM), and intensities of slow (30-60 rpm) and rapid (100-250 rpm) mixings to determine the conditions at which P removal was most efficient. The P-removal efficiency was highest (about 99%) at $TiCl_4$ concentration $([TiCl_4])=0.39mM$ with rapid-mixing intensity=100 rpm and slow-mixing intensity=30 rpm. The slow-mixing intensity was more sensitive than the rapid-mixing intensity to the P removal efficiency when [$TiCl_4$] was low ($0.25{\leq}[TiCl_4]{\leq}0.27mM$).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.428-434
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• 2016

This study evaluated the efficacy of Ti-based coagulants on phosphorus (P) removal from municipal wastewater and compared them with Al-based coagulants. Jar test experiments were performed at various chemical doses and OH/Ti molar ratio (B value). The higher the intial phosphate ($PO_4-P$) concentration, the lower the [Ti]/[P] to reach a residual concentration below 0.2 mg P/L. Removal efficiencies of total phosphorus increased with an increased coagulant dose but decreased after the efficiencies reached their maximum value regardless of coagulant or B value. On the other hand, $PO_4-P$ removal showed an increasing trend with an increased coagulant dose, reaching the plateau value under large coagulant dose conditions for both Ti- and Al-based coagulants regardless of B value. The chemical dose of Ti-based coagulants was approximately twice higher than that of Al-based coagulants with the same P-removal efficiency. The coagulation efficiency was influenced by different B values.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.425-438
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• 2016

This study carried out zeta potential measurements of the Microcystis sp. under various solutions condition and investigated the characteristics of Microcystis sp. through the size control of microbubbles to eliminate algae that causes problems in aquatic ecosystems and human activities. DAF process was adopted and several coagulants were used to remove the Microcystis sp. CCD Camera was used to measure and analyze the size of microbubble, and fluorescent microscope was used to observe the particle, algae species and community. Zeta potential behavior of the algae was analyzed by using ELS-Z. Lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments were conducted to test flotation process. Polyaluminium chloride(PAC) coagulant was used, and the removal efficiency of the algae was assessed through Chlorophyll-a analysis. In the Lab-scale experiment, 2.2 ppm, 11 ppm, 22 ppm, and 44 ppm of polyaluminium chloride was injected to coagulate the algae. The coagulated algae was floated by the microbubble. The microbubbles in the experiments were generated at a air pressure of 450 ~ 550 kPa. The microbubble size was controlled in $36{\mu}m$, $100{\mu}m$, and $200{\mu}m$, respectively by using different diffuser. The results of lab-scale experiments on flotation plant indicated that the average removal rate was about 90% or above for 11 ppm, 22 ppm, and 44 ppm of polyaluminium chloride. On the other hand, in the pilot-scale experiment, the removal efficiency was in the range of 85% to 95% in all dose ranges of polyalumium chloride and aluminium sulfate coagulants.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.551-555
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• 2013

Complicated malaria is mainly caused by Plasmodium falciparum, but, increasingly, Plasmodium vivax is also being reported as a cause. Since the reemergence of indigenous vivax malaria in 1993, cases of severe malaria have been steadily reported in Korea. Herein, we report a case of vivax malaria complicated by adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that was successfully managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). A 59-year-old man presented at our hospital with fever and abdominal pain, which had persisted for 10 days. On admission, the patient had impaired consciousness, shock, hypoxia and haziness in both lungs, jaundice, thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation, metabolic acidosis, and acute kidney injury. A peripheral blood smear and a rapid diagnostic test verified P. vivax mono-infection. Ten hours after admission, hypoxia became more severe, despite providing maximal ventilatory support. The administration of antimalarial agents, ECMO, and continuous venovenous hemofiltration resulted in an improvement of his vital signs and laboratory findings. He was discharged from the hospital 7 weeks later, without any sequelae.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.545-549
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• 2013

A 12-year-old spayed female mixed-bred dog presented with nasal bleeding of 2 days duration and a skin nodule in the left flank. No abnormalities were found in coagulation profiles and blood pressure. Cytological evaluation of the nodule revealed numerous characteristic round organisms having a nucleus and a bar within macrophages and in the background, consistent with leishmaniasis. In vitro culture was unsuccessful but PCR of the nodular aspirate identified the organisms as Leishmania infantum, and the final diagnosis was canine leishmaniasis. No history of travel to endemic countries was noted. Because the dog had received a blood transfusion 2 years before the illness, serological screening tests were performed in all donor dogs of the commercial blood bank using the commercial Leishmania ELISA test kit, and there were no positive results. Additional 113 dogs with hyperglobulinemia from Seoul were also screened with the same kits but no positive results were obtained. To the best of the author's knowledge this is the first autochthonous case of canine leishmaniasis in Korea.