• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 1983

The most popular way to get the animal to be co-operative for the animal experimentation is by using some kinds of general anesthetic agents. One of the most important point to take care of is, however, whether the agent(s) to be used is hinder the experimentation itself. There have been many contradictory reports of the general anesthetic agents on the renal function. Moreover, little information on the changes of the renal function by anesthesia has been available. We have done experiments to clarify and compare the effects of anesthesia induced by several general anesthetic agents on renal function in unanesthetized rabbits. Nembutal anesthesia(30 mg/kg, iv.) caused a decrease in free-water clearance, and increase in sodium and chloride excretion without significance. Thiopental anesthesia$(20{\sim}30\;mg/kg,\;iv.)$ suppressed all renal parameters tested. Chloralose(50 mg/kg, iv.) and chloral hydrate(75 mg/kg, iv.) did not change renal functions except for glomerular filtration rate, which parameter was suppressed only for a short period just after agent administration. Urethane(1 g/kg), administered by the route of either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally, suppressed renal functions lasted for the duration of experimental anesthesia. The above data suggest that it is very important to chose an appropriate anesthetic agents for a given experiment, especially experiment involved with renal function, and to interprete the data obtained from the anesthetized animal model for the expected results.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.32
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• pp.219-236
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• 2012

It is well known that records management is closely related to democracy, and the records management 'innovation' in Korea did also aim to reach democratic 'accountability' and 'governance'. Likewise, the first reason this article deals with the establishment of archival community in the East Asia is to help promote democracy and form a co-operative relations in the region through records management. Secondly, the distorted view of history easily found in the history textbooks of each countries should be corrected for the 21st East Asia in peace. Records and memories in the past are main components for the present and the future. A great many records to solve the disputes over history still remains inaccessible at large in the archives of the East Asia. A coming archival community will endeavor to disclose and share the historical records for harmonious awareness of history. Cooperation and solidarity within archival community in the East Asia featuring democratic accountability, governance and more records disclosure can be a brand-new start for peace and 'better' democracy in his region.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.739-748
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for test-day milk production and somatic cell score using field data collected by dairy herd improvement program in Korea. Random regression animal models were applied to estimate genetic variances for milk production and somatic cell score. Heritabilities for milk yields, fat percentage, protein percentage, solid-not-fat percentage, and somatic cell score from test day records of 5,796 first lactation Holstein cows were estimated by REML algorithm in single trait random regression test-day animal models. For these analyses, Legendre polynomial covariate function was applied to model the fixed effect of age-season, the additive genetic effect and the permanent environment effect as random. Homogeneous residual variance was assumed to be equal throughout lactation. Heritabilities as a function of time were calculated from the estimated curve parameters from univariate analyses. Heritability estimates for milk yields were in range of 0.13 to 0.29 throughout first lactation. Heritability estimates for fat percentage, protein percentage and solid-not-fat percentage were within 0.09 to 0.11, 0.12 to 0.19 and 0.17 to 0.23, respectively. For somatic cell score, heritabilities were within 0.02 to 0.04. Heritabilities for milk productions and somatic cell score were fluctuated by days in milk with comparing 305d milk production.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.281-286
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• 1999

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the types of complications, the incidences of complications, and preoperative and postoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of the complication. Material and Method: Between August 1990 and August 1997 in Asan Medical Center, 42 patients(24 men and 18 women) underwent surgical resection for pulmonary aspergilloma. The mean age was 46.6${\pm}$11.5 years(range 29 to 69 years). Hemoptysis(90%) was the most common presentation. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common predisposing cause(81%). The associated diseases were bronchiectasis(n=11), active puolmonary tuberculosis(n=9), diabetes mellitus(n=8), lung carcinoid(n=1), and acute myeloblastic leukemia(n=1). Lobectomy was done in 32 cases(76%), segmentectomy or wedge resection in 4, pneumonectomy in 2, and lobectomy combined with segmentectomy in 4. Result: Operative mortality was 2%. The most common postoperative complication was persistent air leakage(n=6). The variables such as age, sex, pulmonary function test, amount and duration of hemoptysis, associated diseases(diabetes mellitus, active pulmonary tuberculosis), mode of preoperative management(steroid, antifungal agent, bronchial arterial embolization), and modes of operative procedures were statistically insignificant. The radiologic extent of infiltration to normal lung parenchyme was statistically significant(p=0.04). Conclusion: We conclude that the extent of the infiltration to normal lung parenchyme in preoperative radiologic studies should be carefully evaluated to reduce the postoperative complications in surgery for pulmonary aspergilloma.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2010

Burkholderia cepacia PBSA-7, Bacillus licheniformis PBSA-8 and Burkholderia sp. PBSA-9 previously collected from Korea soil (Joo and Kim, 2009) were analyzed for the presence of genes encoding proteins operative in the degradation of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate; PBSA). Polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed a 1.5 kb fragment of the lipase gene (lip A) in B. cepacia PBSA-7 and Burkholderia sp. PBSA-9, while B. licheniformis PBSA-8 harbored the same gene fragment at 600 bp. The three strains possessed "Gly-X1-Ser-X2-Gly" and "Ala-X1-Ser-X2-Gly" lipase sequence regions. Burkholderia sp. PBSA-7 lip A displayed 36~40% homology with the family 1-1 lipases and 82~92% homology with the family 1-5. Burkholderia sp. PBSA-8 lip A was 64~65% homologous with the subfamily 1-4 lipases, but displayed no homology with the subfamily 1-5 lipases. Burkholderia sp. PBSA-9 lip A displayed 35~37% homology with the family I1 lipases and 83~94% homology with the family I2 lipases, similar to Burkholderia sp. PBSA-7.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1975

Total body perfusion using Sarns Heart-Lung-Machine, five head pump motor system with Travenol disposable bubble oxygenator was attempted in the dogs by the hemodilution method with total prime of buffered Hartman`s solution under moderate hypothermia. The first of all, the functions of Sarns Heart-Lung-Machine and effects of the hemodilution perfusion by buffered Hartman`s solution was studied. At the same time the changes of pressure of artery and vein, gas contents of the blood, and influence on the blood pictures were observed before, during, and after perfusion in 1-2 days. Hemodilution rates were the ranges of 85.0ml/kg to 97.3ml/kg and perfusion flow rates were maintained with the average 80. 5ml/kg/min [the ranges of 73.3ml/kg/min to 92.8ml/kg/min]. Hypothermia was employed between $35^{\circ}C$ and $31^{\circ} of the esophageal temperature. The total body perfusion was continued for 50-60 minutes. In the total cardiopulmonary bypass, atriotomy, ventriculotomy, and atrioventriculotomy were performed respectively. Arterial pressure was ranged approximately between 50 mmHg and 140 mmHg, but generally, it was maintained over 75 mmHg. Venous pressure was measured between 3.8 cm$H_2O$ and 16.0 cm$H_2O$. Optimum oxygenation could be achieved when oxygen flow into the oxygenator was maintained approximately at 5. 5L/min. In this way, the $pO_2$, $pCO_2$, and oxygen saturation were measured before, during, and afterperfusion in 1-2 days. The $pCO_2$ ranged approximately between 26.0 mmHg and 38.5 mmHg, but generally, it was maintained in the average 30.9-32.5mmHg. The $pO_2$ was ranged between 73.0mmHg and 332.2 mmHg, but it was maintained in the average 103.0-219.0 mmHg. Oxygen saturation was measured over 95. 0% during and after extracorporeal circulation respectively. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leucocyte count were decreased to 49.2%, 49.0%, 49.4%, and 21. 1% of the preoperative value during extracorporeal circulation respectively and these reductions were not recovered until 1-2 days after perfusion. These. resulted from relatively high degree of hemodilution rate and operative bleeding during these experimental studies. The platelets count was also decreased about to 71% during perfusion, on the contrary, it was increased progressively after perfusion and in 1-21 days after perfusion, the value was returned to preoperative contro1 level. Three dogs were all recovered after extracorporeal circulation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.438-444
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• 2011

Purpose: Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are readily harvested from lipoaspirated tissue or subcutaneous adipose tissue fragments. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous set of cell populations that surround and support adipose tissue, which includes the stromal cells, ASCs, that have the ability to differentiate into cells of several lineages and contains cells from the microvasculature. The mechanisms that drive the ASCs into the osteoblast lineage are still not clear, but the process has been more extensively studied in bone marrow stromal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the osteogenic capacity of adipose derived SVF cells and evaluate bone formation following implantation of SVF cells into the bone defect of human phalanx. Methods: Case 1 a 43-year-old male was wounded while using a press machine. After first operation, segmental bone defects of the left 3rd and 4th middle phalanx occurred. At first we injected the SVF cells combined with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) to defected 4th middle phalangeal bone lesion. We used P (L/DL)LA [Poly (70L-lactide-co-30DL-lactide) Co Polymer P (L/DL)LA] as a scaffold. Next, we implanted the SVF cells combined with DBM to repair left 3rd middle phalangeal bone defect in sequence. Case 2 was a 25-year-old man with crushing hand injury. Three months after the previous surgery, we implanted the SVF cells combined with DBM to restore right 3rd middle phalangeal bone defect by syringe injection. Radiographic images were taken at follow-up hospital visits and evaluated radiographically by means of computerized analysis of digital images. Results: The phalangeal bone defect was treated with autologous SVF cells isolated and applied in a single operative procedure in combination with DBM. The SVF cells were supported in place with mechanical fixation with a resorbable macroporous sheets acting as a soft tissue barrier. The radiographic appearance of the defect revealed a restoration to average bone density and stable position of pharyngeal bone. Densitometric evaluations for digital X-ray revealed improved bone densities in two cases with pharyngeal bone defects, that is, 65.2% for 4th finger of the case 1, 60.5% for 3rd finger of the case 1 and 60.1% for the case 2. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that adipose derived stromal vascular fraction cells have osteogenic potential in two clinical case studies. Thus, these reports show that cells from the SVF cells have potential in many areas of clinical cell therapy and regenerative medicine, albeit a lot of work is yet to be done.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.45
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• pp.153-186
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• 2023

Since the 2000s, Korean society has been transitioning into a multicultural society with a sharp increase in the influx of various non-Koreans including immigrant workers, immigrant spouses, international students, and refugees. As a result, Korea, which had maintained religious peace and coexistence as a multi-religious society, is showing signs of increased risks of social problems such as the surfacing of conflicts between religions. Religion can contribute to the integration and safety of communities in the process of becoming a multicultural society, but at the same time, it requires discussion from an educational perspective because of its ambivalence in potentially causing conflict within communities. Considering that one of the main functions of religion is social integration, religious education is required for the stable settlement of multicultural societies. In recognition of this, discussion regarding a new perspective on religious education is needed to respond to religious diversity and to understand the current society and the means of becoming a global citizen. This new discussion would be a 'general religious education' model that provides an education covering various religious and non-religious worldviews in order to cultivate 'religious literacy.' However, in a multicultural society, while general religious education may be useful in reducing prejudice and discrimination among students in an integrated environment, it should also be recognized that a 'special religious education' would be needed to acknowledge the unique values of each human group. This would be the most effective approach to multiculturalism. Therefore, this study proposes a form of 'cooperative religious education,' which combines general religious education and special religious education as a direction for religious education. In providing readers with background context, this study will review Korean religious policies and religious education, and then present realistic methods that can be implemented in schools.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.728-733
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• 1996

Since thoracoscopy was originally described by Jacobaeus in 1922, video-assisted thoracic surgery has been used to treat many thoracic diseases. From June 1994 to July 1995, 35 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax'underwent video-assisted thoracic sugery as experimental group, and same number of patien:s with blob resection through mid-axillary thoracotomy as co trol group in our hospital.'The authors compared the clinical results between each group. 1. The sex distributions were 28 males, 7 females in experimental group and 30 males, 5 females in control group. The mean age of experimental group was 28.5 $\pm$ 12.6 years of age and that of control group was 2).9 $\pm$ 6.3 years of age. 2. The operative times were 98.8$\pm$ )9.3 minutes in experimental group and 103.6$\pm$ )2.6 minutes in control group. ). The duration of chest tube indwelling at postoperative period was 2.60 $\pm$ 0.98 days in experimental group, 4.80 $\pm$ 2.08 days in control group (P< 0.01). The periods of postoperative hospitalization were 17 $\pm$ 1.22 days in experimental group and 6.69 $\pm$2.52 days in control group. The durations of post-oper- ative chest tube indwelling and hospital stay in experimental group were shorter than in control group (P< 0.01 respectively). 4. The injection of analgesics at postoperative period was less in experimental group than control group. At the operative day and postoperative 1 st and 2nd day, the number of injections were respectively 1. 57$\pm$0.74, 1.97 $\pm$0.70 and 1.00$\pm$0.68 times/person in experimental group, 2.23 $\pm$0.60, 2.60 $\pm$0.67 and 2. 17$\pm$0.76 times/person in control group(P<0.01 respectively). The mean duration and dose of postoperative analgesic injection were 2.48$\pm$ 1.01 days/person and 4.88 $\pm$3.70 ampules/person in experimetal group, 3.70$\pm$ 1.40 days/person and 8.94 $\pm$4.21 ampules/person respectively (P< 0.01, p<0. 01).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.3 s.272
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• pp.200-208
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• 2007

Background: The effect of patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) on the clinical outcome following aortic valve replacement (AVR) remains controversial. This study compared the surgical outcomes of AVR between patients with a patient-prosthesis mismatch and those having undergone an aortic annular enlargement. Material and Method: Six hundred and twenty seven adult patients, who underwent AVR with stented bioprosthetic or mechanical valves, between January 1996 and February 2006, were evaluated. PPM was defined as an indexed effective orifice area (iEOA) ${\leq}0.85cm^2/m^2$, and Severe if the iEOA${\leq}0.65cm^2/m^2$ PPM was present in 103 (16.4%, PPM group) patients, and severe in 11 (1.8%, SPPM group). During the period of the study, 21 patients underwent an AVR with annular enlargement (AE group). Result: The mean iEOA of the AE group was larger than that of the PPM group ($0.95\;vs.\;0.76cm^2/m^2,\;p=0.00$). The AE group had longer CPB, ACC and operation times than the PPM group, and showed a tendency toward higher operative mortality (14.3% vs. 2.9%, p=0.06). The SPPM group had higher AV pressure gradients (peak/mean) than the AE group (72/45 mmHg vs. 38/25 mmHg, p=0.02/0.06) and suffered more AV related events (AV reoperation or severe aortic stenosis)(45.5% vs. 9.5%, p=0.03). LV masses were not regressed in the patients who experienced an AV related event. Conclusion: During AVR in patients with a small aortic annulus, annular enlargement should be carefully applied taking into account the high risk of operative mortality due to annular enlargement and co-morbidities of patients. Aortic annular enlargement; however, should be considered as an alternative method in patients expected to have a severe PPM after an AVR.