• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.285-288
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• 2014

Experiments have been performed for the burners used in the non-oxidizing direct fired furnaces for the cold rolled plate to investigate the effect of fuel/air mixing patterns of the burner nozzle on flame shape, temperature and combustion gas concentration. CFD simulation has also been performed to investigate the mixing state of air-fuel for a nozzle mixing burner and a partially pre-mixing burner. A partially pre-mixing burner showed that flame temperature increased up to $26^{\circ}C$ on average compared than that of the nozzle mixing. It also showed that the mixing distance is important at the partially pre-mixing burner. Test results for a partially pre-mixing burner showed that the residual oxygen concentration and the volume ratio of $CO/CO_2$ of the flame were applicable to be used in field furnaces.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.4 s.94
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• pp.313-316
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is the development of measurement algorithm for green-sheet based on the digital image processing technique. The Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic(LTCC) technology can be employed to produce multilayer circuits with the help of single tapes, which are used to apply conductive, dielectric and/or resistive pastes on. These single green-sheets must be laminated together and fired at the same time. Main function of the green-sheet film measurement algorithm is to measure the position and size of the punching hole in each single layer. The line scan camera coupled with motorized X-Y stage is used. In order to measure the entire film area using several scanning steps, an overlapping method is used.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.69-72
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• 2008

A sensor element array for combinatorial solution deposition research was fabricated using LTCC (Low-temperature Co-fired Ceramics). The designed LTCC was co-fired at $800^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour after lamination at $70^{\circ}C$ under 3000 psi for 30 minutes. $SnO_2$ sol was prepared by a hydrothermal method at $200^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. Tin chloride and ammonium carbonate were used as raw materials and the ammonia solution was added to a Teflon jar. 20 droplets of $SnO_2$ sol were deposited onto a LTCC sensor element and this was heat treated at $600^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. The gas sensitivity ($S\;=\;R_a/R_g$) values of the $SnO_2$ sensor and 0.04 wt% Pd-added $SnO_2$ sensor were measured. The 0.04 wt% Pd-added $SnO_2$ sensor showed higher sensitivity (S = 8.1) compared to the $SnO_2$ sensor (S = 5.95) to 200 ppm $CH_3COCH_3$ at $400^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.926-931
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• 2000

The microwave dielectric properties and the microstructures as a mole fraction of (1-x)ZnNb$_2$O$_{6}$-xPb$_{5}$Nb$_4$O$_{15}$ ceramics with CuV$_2$O$_{6}$, Sb$_2$O$_3$ and glass(ZNPN ceramics) was investigated. 0.98ZN-0.02PN ceramics containing 1.5 wt% CuV$_2$O$_{6}$ 1.0 wt% Sb$_2$O$_3$ and 1.0 wt% glass had a dielectric constant($\varepsilon$$_{r}$) of 23, Qxf$_{o}$ value of 15000 and TCF(Temperature Coefficient of resonance Frequency) of -25 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ and it is possible to be co-fired with Ag electrode at 90$0^{\circ}C$. As sintered temperature increases over 90$0^{\circ}C$ the grain size of ZNPN ceramics was increasing for growth and it has poor co-fired properties with Ag electrode.e.ctrode.e.e.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.19-20
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• 2013

The cofiring of renewable fuel in coal fired boilers is an attractive option to mitigate $CO_2$ emissions, since it is relatively low cost option for efficiently converting renewable fuel to electricity by adding biomass as partial substitute of coal. However, it would lead to reduce plant efficiency and flexibility in operation, and increase operation cost and capital cost associated with renewable fuels handling and firing equipment. The aim of this study is to investigate reduction of carbon dioxide at varying percentage of biomass in fuel blend to the boiler biomass, and estimate operation and capital cost. Wood pellet, PKS (palm kernel shell), EFB (empty fruit bunch) and sludge are considered as a renewable fuels for a cofiring with coal. Several approaches by the cofiring ratio are chosen from past plant demonstrations and commercial cofiring operation, and they are evaluated and discussed for CO2 reduction and cost estimation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.552-559
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• 2008

Three dimensional numerical analysis were performed to investigate the combustion characteristics in a tangentially fired pulverized coal boiler. The predicted values at the outlet of economizer for the gas temperature, O$_2$, NO, CO were been compared with the measured data. By using the actual operating conditions of the power plant, the distribution of velocity, gas temperature, O$_2$, CO, CO$_2$ and NO as well as the particle tracking in the boiler were investigated. Throughout the present study, the non-uniform distribution of flue gas temperature in front of the final superheater might be resulted from the residual swirl flow in the upper furnace of the boiler. The present analysis on non-uniform distribution of the gas temperature could provide the useful information to prevent the frequent tube failure from happening in the final superheater of the tangentially coal-fired boiler.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.127-146
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• 2013

Torrefaction technologies convert assorted biomass feedstocks into energy-concentrated, carbon neutral fuel that is economically transported and easily ground for blending with fossil coals at numerous power plants around the world without needs to retrofit. Utilization of torrefied biomass in conventional electric generating units may be an increasingly attractive alternative for electricity generation as aging power plants in the world need to be upgraded or improved. This paper examines the economic feasibility of torrefaction in different scenarios by modeling torrefaction plants producing 136,078 t/year (150,000 ton/year) biocoal from wood and corn stover. The utilization of biocoal blends in existing coal-fired power plants is modeled to determine the demand for this fuel in the context of emerging policies regulating emissions from coal in the U.S. setting. Opportunities to co-locate torrefaction facilities adjacent to corn ethanol plants and coal-fired power plants are explored as means to improve economics for collaborating businesses. Life cycle analysis was conducted in parallel to this economic study and was used to determine environmental impacts of converting biomass to biocoal for blending in coal-fired power plants as well as the use of substantial flows of off-gasses produced in the torrefaction process. Sensitivity analysis of the financial rates of return of the different businesses has been performed to measure impacts of different factors, whether input prices, output prices, or policy measures that render costs or rewards for the businesses.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2019

The purpose of this research is to find the optimum combustion conditions for the celadon using a gas kiln. It is clearly defined by the amount of CO gas in the kiln that it is fired in the commonly used oxidation and reduction atmosphere. As a result, while celadon was fired at $1250^{\circ}C$, oxidation happened when the amount of CO was 0~4,500 PPM, a neutral condition happened when the of CO was 4,500~25,000PPM and a reducing process was happened when the of CO was more that 25,000PPM. To reduce gas and firing time while keeping uniformly the firing temperature and firing condition of the gas kiln, you can partially block the gas corridor and adjust it as a damper. This adjustment reduces gas consumption by 40% and shortens the firing time by 1 hour.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.611-615
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• 2003

The crystalline and dielectric properties on $Al_2O_3$ filled glass frit ($CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-MgO-B_2O_3$) with admixtures of $TiO_2$ have been investigated. The dielectric constant value of $7.5{\sim}7.8$, quality factor value of 700 were obtained for glass frit : $Al_2O_3$ (50 : 50 wt%) ceramics. As the amount of $TiO_2$ increased, temperature coefficient of dielectric constant were decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.256-259
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• 2003

In this paper, a design of multi-layered BPF(bandpass filter) using LTCC(Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic) process by a lumped-elements is proposed for SOP(system-on-a-chip) of wireless communication systems. The proposed BPF improved a characteristic of rejection band to build an attenuation pole caused by structurally adjacent co-inductance and coupling. The simulation data shows a bandwidth of 90MHz from a center frequency of 2.4GHz, a return loss of 27dB, an insertion loss of 3.2dB, and an attenuation of at least 20dBc at $f_0{\pm}250MHz$. Simulations have used serenade circuit simulation and HFSS EM simulation.