• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.463-470
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• 2004

Artificial skin culture broth (DA-3711) was developed by using Dong-A pharmaceutical's artificial skin culture technique, and it contains plenty of nutrients, natural extracellular matrix proteins and human growth factors, which may improve aged skin conditions. The anti-aging effect of DA-3711 was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore the clinical studies showed that DA-3711 had been very effective in improving firmness and reducing wrinkles. The results suggest that the novel anti-wrinkle agent. DA-3711, may have anti-aging and anti-wrinkle effects by stimulating skin regeneration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.595-598
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• 1989

Bovine embryos/ova obtained from in-vitro fertilization were either co-cultured on a monolayer of bovine cumulus cells or cultured in medium alone. Embryos/ova co-cultured with cumulus cells developed to 8-cell (30.9%), morula (29.8%) and blastocyst stages (26.6%) after 3-4, 5-6, and 7-8 days of culture, respectively, while embryos/ova cultured in medium alone failed to develop beyond 8-cell (0-13.3%), morula (0-1.5%) and blastocyst stages (0%). The results of this study demonstrated the beneficial effect of cumulus cells on the development of bovine embryos.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2023

Xylanase is an industrially relevant enzyme used for the production of xylobiose and xylose. Various methods are used to enhance the microbial yield of xylanase. In the present study, co-culturing of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus were investigated using submerged fermentation for xylanase production, which was markedly increased when sal, sagwan, newspaper, wheat bran, and xylan were used as single carbon sources. Maximum xylanase production was reported after 5 days of incubation in optimized media at pH 7.0 and 37℃, resulting in 2.69 ± 0.25 µmol/min by coculture. The 1:1 ratio of sal and sagwan in optimized production media was shown to be suitable for xylanase synthesis in submerged fermentation (SMF). In comparison to mono-culture using B. pumilus and B. subtilis, co-culturing resulted in an overall 3.8-fold and 2.15-fold increase in xylanase production, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.980-987
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cell status of BOEC on development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos and gene expression in BOEC before or after culturing of embryos. The developmental rates beyond morula stage in the BOEC co-culture group was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). In particular, blastocyst production in the BOEC co-culture group (28.3%) was dramatically increased compared with the control group (7.2%). In the in vitro development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos according to cell status, the developmental rates beyond morula stage in the primary culture cell (PCC) co-culture group were the highest of all experimental groups. Expression of genes related to growth (TGF-${\beta}$ EGF and IGFBP), apoptosis (Bax, Caspase-3 and p53) and antioxidation (CuZnSOD, MnSOD, Catalase and GPx) in different status cells of BOEC for embryo culture was detected by RT-PCR. While EGF gene was detected in isolated fresh cells (IFC) and PCC, TGF-${\beta}$ and IGFBP were found in IFC or PCC after use in the embryo culture, respectively. Caspase-3 and Bax genes were detected in all experimental groups regardless of whether the BOEC was used or not used in the embryo culture. However, p53 gene was found in IFC of both conditions for embryo culture and in frozen/thawed culture cells (FPCC) after use in the embryo culture. Although antioxidant genes examined were detected in all experimental groups before using for the embryo culture, these genes were not detected after use. This study indicated that the BOEC co-culture system used for in vitro culture of bovine IVF embryos can increase the developmental rates, and cell generations and status of BOEC might affect the in vitro development of bovine embryos. The BOEC monolayer used in the embryo culture did not express the growth factors (TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF) and enzymatic antioxidant genes, thereby improving embryo development in vitro.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 2006

Cyclin B1 is known to reflect the M-phase promoting factor (MPF), a universal regulator of G2/M-phase transition, activity during the process of oocytes maturation. To investigate whether culture condition affects the maturation rate and the expression of cyclin B1 protein, bovine immature oocytes are stimulated and cultured according to the following protocols: Experiment 1: denuded oocytes (denude) only, COC only, denuded oocytes+granulosa cells (denude+GCs) and COC+GCs; Experiment 2: no-activation (control), 7% ethanol for 5 min and $10{\mu}l/ml$ ionomycin for 5 min at immediately before maturation. The maturation rates of denude and no-activation group were significantly lower in both experiments (P<0.05), respectively. Co-culture or stimulation method in bovine immature oocytes culture increases the cyclin B1 expression significantly in both experiments (P<0.05). Based on these results, culture condition affects the maturation rate and the expression of cyclin B1 protein during the first meiotic maturation in bovine immature oocytes.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of trophoblastic vesicles (TV) and estradiol-17$\beta$ on the development in vitro of rabbit embryos. Thirty matured female rabbits were treated with PMSG followed by HCG injection and mating. Embryos were recovered with D-PBS (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline) after superovulation, and normally developed to two-to four-cell embryos were used in the subsequent in vitro culture. Basal medium was Medium-199 su, pp.emented with 1.5% bovine serum albumin. Embryo on Day 5 after mating (Day 0) was cut into two or three pieces to remove the embryonic disc. Each piece of tissue was cultured for 24 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ in 0.5 mlMedium-199 in 5% CO2. During culture, peices of trophoblastic tissue changed into spherical vesicles which were used for co-culture. These spheres were called trophoblstic vesicles. Two-to four-cell embryos were cultured for 4 days in Medium-199 in the absence or presence of trophoblastic vesicle, and two-to four-cell embryos cultured with varing concentration (0, 0.1, 1, 10ng/ml) of estradiol-17$\beta$ for 4 dyas. Culture vessels used were watch glass for coculture with trophoblastic vesicles and micortube for estradiol-17$\beta$ infusion. Compared with the Medium-199 alone as basal culture medium, more blastocysts (46.7% vs 15.1%; P<0.01) and morulae (84.4% vs 56.6%; P<0.05) were developed in the co-culture with trophoblastic vesicles. Estradiol-17$\beta$ infused in culture medium was not effective for embryo development to blastocysts (78.3% in control, 50.0% in 0.1ng/ml, 61.5% in 1ng/ml and 64.4% in 10ng/ml) and also to morulae (91.3% in control, 84.2% in 0.1ng/ml, 92.3% in 1ng/ml and 91.1% in 10ng/ml). Compared with the watch glass culture mehotd, more (P<0.01) blastocysts were developed in microtube culture (78.3% vs 56.6%) and more (P<0.01) morulae in microtube culture (91.3% vs 56.6%).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 1997

Effect of allylisothiocyanate on the enzyme activites including malate degydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADPH and acetyl CoA which were related to aflatoxin production of Aspergillus parasticus R-716 were invetigated. The activities of malate dehydrogenase (EC.1.1.1.37), isocitrate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.42) and NADPH oxidase (E.C.1.6.99.1) indicated relatively high in the 50 ppm allylisothiocyanate-added-culture. In contrast, the activity of acetyl CoA in the 50 ppm allylisothiocyanate-added-culture showed rather lower level through the cultivation.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2008

Somatic cells such as oviduct epithelial cell, uterine epithelial cell, cumulus-granulosa cell and buffalo rat river cell has been used to establish an effective culture system for bovine embryos produced in in vitro. But nitric oxide (NO) metabolites secreted from somatic cells were largely arrested the development of bovine in vitro matured/ in vitro fertilized (IVM/IVF) embryos, suggesting that NO was induced the embryonic toxic substance into culture medium. The objective of this study was to investigate whether BOEC co-culture system can ameliorate the NO-mediated oxidative stress in the culture of bovine IVM/IVF embryos. Therefore, we evaluated the developmental rate of bovine IVM/IVF embryos under BOEC co-culture system in the presence or absence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as a NO donor, and also detected the expression of growth factor (TGF-$\beta$, EGF and IGFBP) and apoptosis (Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2) genes. The supplement of SNP over 5 uM was strongly inhibited blastocyst development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos than in control and 1 uM SNP group (Table 2). The developmental rates beyond morulae stages of bovine IVM/IVF embryos co-cultured with BOEC regardless of SNP supplement (40.4% in 5 uM SNP+ BOEC group and 65.1% in BOEC group) were significantly increased than those of control (35.0%) and SNP single treatment group (23.3%, p<0.05: Table 3). The transcripts of Bax and Caspase-3 genes were detected in all experiment groups (1:Isolated fresh cell (IFC), 2:Primary culture cell (PCC), 3:PCC after using the embryo culture, 4: PCC containing 5 uM SNP and 5: PCC containing 5 uM SNP after using the embryo culture), but Bcl-2 gene was not detected in IFC and PCC (Fig. 1). In the expression of growth factor genes, TGF-$\beta$ gene was found in all experimental groups, and EGF and IGFBP genes were not found in IFC and PCC (Fig. 2). These results indicate that BOEC co-culture system can increase the development beyond morula stages of bovine IVM/IVF embryos, possibly suggesting the alleviation of embryonic toxic substance like nitric oxide.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1416-1423
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• 2013

The metabolomic profile of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. F1, isolated from the rumen of goats, and how this is affected by the presence of naturally associated methanogens, was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The major metabolites in the fungal monoculture were formate, lactate, ethanol, acetate, succinate, sugars/amino acids and ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate, whereas the co-cultures of anaerobic fungi and associated methanogens produced citrate. This is the first report of citrate as a major metabolite of anaerobic fungi. Univariate analysis showed that the mean values of formate, lactate, ethanol, citrate, succinate and acetate in co-cultures were significantly higher than those in the fungal monoculture, while the mean values of glucose and ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate were significantly reduced in co-cultures. Unsupervised principal components analysis revealed separation of metabolite profiles of the fungal mono-culture and co-cultures. In conclusion, the novel finding of citrate as one of the major metabolites of anaerobic fungi associated with methanogens may suggest a new yet to be identified pathway exists in co-culture. Anaerobic fungal metabolism was shifted by associated methanogens, indicating that anaerobic fungi are important providers of substrates for methanogens in the rumen and thus play a key role in ruminal methanogenesis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.735-738
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• 2006

We examined the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of genipin fractionated from gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) originating from Korea. The neurotrophic effects of the genipin containing fraction was evaluated by microscopically monitoring its potency to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells. The genipin containing fraction from Korean gardenia promoted neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells in this study, similar to previously reported effects by Wako Chemical, Japan. When cells were treated with the genipin containing fraction prior to ${\beta}$-amyloid peptide treatment (active domain of A peptide 25-35 treated), toxicity was significantly diminished (p<0.0l). These results suggest that genipin prepared from Korean gardenia might potentially be used as a precautionary agent in neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease, etc.