• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 1998

Purpose : This study was performed to analyze the efficacy of induction chemotherapy fellowed by radiation therapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer Materials and Methods : Eighty patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated from 1989 to 1995 at Pusan Paik hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-one patients were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy and Fifty-nine Patients were treated with radiation therapy alone. Chemotherapy regimen consisted of cisplatin-based combination (2 or 3 drugs). All patients were treated by Co-60 or 6 MV linear accelerators. Radiation dose ranged from 50 Gy to 80 Gy (median 64.8 Gy). We evaluated response rate, survival rate, and pattern of failure in both treatment groups. Results : Overall response rate in induction chemotherapy group and radiotherapy alone group were 48% and 45%, respectively. Of the 80 patients, 46 patients were evaluable for pattern of failure. Initial failure pattern in induction chemotherapy group was as follows: 8 (67%) at locoregional, 4 (33) in distant metastasis. Radiation alone group was 21 (71%) and 5 (29%), respectively. Results showed no difference of distant failure between induction chemotherapy group and radiation alone group. The 1 and 2 year survival rate in induction chemotherapy group were 43% and 14%, respectively and in radiotherapy alone group, 31% and 7%, respectively (p=0.135). Conclusion : In stage III non-small cell lung cancer, induction chemotherapy and radiation therapy showed increased tendency in survival with no statistical significance Induction chemotherapy seems to have no effect of decreasing distant failure and no survival advantage compared with radiotherapy alone.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.66-81
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• 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has been continuously spreading throughout the world. As of July 15, 2021, there have been more than 188 million confirmed cases and more than 4.06 million deaths. Although the incidence of severe infections is relatively low in children and adolescents compared to adults, a complication called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) may occur in some cases at approximately 2-6 weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MIS-C can be seen in patients of various ages, from young infants to adolescents, and may present with diverse clinical manifestations. While fever present in a great majority of patients, symptoms suggesting the involvement of the digestive or nervous system and the skin and mucous membranes (Kawasaki disease-like symptoms) also appear in many cases. Cardiac involvement may also be observed, including left ventricular dysfunction, myocarditis, coronary artery dilatation, and coronary aneurysm. In some cases, hypotension or shock can occur, and mechanical ventilation or treatment in the intensive care unit may be necessary. Fortunately, recovery is generally reported after appropriate treatment. MIS-C is a rare but important complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents. As such, it is important to recognize the clinical symptoms and provide appropriate treatment at an early stage. In this review, the epidemiology, clinical symptoms, suggested pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and treatment of MIS-C will be discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2024

In this study, we aimed to analyze the probability of secondary cancer occurring in the abdomen, a normal organ, due to photoneutron exposure during intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer. The design of the radiation treatment plan for prostate cancer was established as a daily prescription dose of 220 cGy, a total of 35 treatments, and 7700 cGy. The experimental equipment was a True Beam STx (Varian, USA) linear accelerator from Varian. The energy used in the experiment was 15 MV, and the treatment plan was designed so that the photoneutron dose would be generated within the planning target volume (PTV). The radiation treatment plan was an Eclipse System (Varian Ver. 10.0, USA), and the number of irradiation portals was set to 5 to 9. The irradiation angle was designed so that 95% of the prescription dose area was set to 0 to 320°, and the number of beamlets per irradiation portal was set to 100. The optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter used in this study to measure the dose of photoneutrons was designed to measure photoneutron doses by coating ⁶LiCO₃ on a device containing aluminum oxide components. It was studied that there is a minimum of 7.07 to 11 cases per 1,000 people with secondary cancer due to the photoneutron dose to the abdomen during intensity-modulated radiotherapy. In this study, we studied the risk of secondary radiation dose that may occur during intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and we expect that this will be used as meaningful data related to the probabilistic effects of radiation in the future.

• Journal of Advanced Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 2018

A high-frequency therapy device with improved output by modifying a high-frequency stimulator was fabricated. The details of the design include generating part design, high-frequency transformer design, large output FET installation, DC voltage input part design and gate input driver design. Based on the real test using the pork meat, the temperature distributions according to the current electric transfer method, penetration depth, electrode diameter size were measured. In the CET method, the penetration depth was 0.5 cm and in the RET method, the penetration depth was 20 cm or more. In addition, it was confirmed that the temperature rise according to the penetration depth in the RET system was substantially constant, and the temperature rise was remarkable as the electrode diameter was small. As a result, it has been confirmed that the high frequency therapy device is highly affected by various conditions of the electrode.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.359-366
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• 2016

The normal tissue in radiation therapy, to minimize radiation, it is most important to maximize local tumor control rates in intensive research the exact dose to the tumor sites. Therefore, the initial, therapist accuracy of detecting movement of the patient fatigue therapist has been a problem that is weighted down directly. Also, by using a web camera, a difference value between the image to be updated to the reference image is calculated, if the result exceeds the reference value, using the system for determining the motion has occurred. However, this system, it is not possible to quantitatively analyze the movement of the patient, the background is changed when moving the treatment bed in the co-therapeutic device was not able to sift the patient. In this paper, using a alpah(${\alpha}$) filter index is an attempt to solve these limitations points, quantifies the movement of the patient, by separating a background image of the patient and treatment environment, and movement of the patient during treatment It senses only, it was possible to reduce the problems due to patient movement.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-154
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• 1990

The acute effects of variable dos rates to total body irradiation (TBI) were investigaed with 600 cGy of single exposure in the mice as a preclinical model. Total 80 mice (ICR) were used. Twenty of which sewed as controls, receiving no irradiation. All irradiated mice showed a universal decline in their weight and white blood cell count. The degree of weight loss and leukopenia were similar at 3 different dos rate but slightly prominent with 15 cGy/minute group. The degree of recovery among the groups showed no dose rate dependence. Our results suggest that TBI with 15 cGy/mimute may be applicable for clinical therapy with careful evaluation of patient's condition.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.175-181
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• 1993

Radiosurgery requires integral procedure where special devices and computer systems are needed for localization, dose planning and treatment. The aim of this work is to verify the overall mechanical accuracy of our LINAC and develop dose calculation algorithm for LINAC radiosurgery. The alignment of treatment machine and the performance testing of the entire system were extensively carried out and the basic data such as percent depth dose, off-axis ratio and output factor were measured. A three dimensional treatment planning system for stereotactic radiosurgery has been developed. We used an IBM personal computer with C programming language (IBM personal system/2, Model 80386, IBM Co., USA) for calculating the dose distribution. As a result, deviations at isocenter on gantry and table rotation for our treatment machine were acceptable since they were less than 2 mm. According to the phantom experiments, the focusing isocenter were successful by the error of less than 2 mm. Finally, the mechanical accuracy of our three dimensional planning system was confirmed by film dosimetry in sphere phantom.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.449-454
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• 1993

The skin sparing effect associated with high energy x-ray or gamma ray beams may be reduce or lost under certain conditions of treatment. Current trends in using large fields. Shield carrying trays, compensating filters, and isocentric methods of treatment have posed problems of increased skin dose which sometimes become a limiting factor in giving adquate tumor doses. We used the shallow ion chamber to measure the phantom surface dose and the physical treatment variables for Co-60 gamma ray, 4MV and 10 MV x-ray beam. The dependence of percent surface dose on field sizes, atomic number of the shielding tray materials and its distance from the surface for 4, 10MV x-rays and Co-60 gamma ray is qualitatively similar. The use of 2 mm thick tin filter is recommended for situations where a low atomic number tray is introduced into the beam at distances less than 15 cm from the surface and with the large field sized for 4 MV x-ray beam. In case of Co-60 gamma ray, the lead glass tray is suitable for enhancement of skin sparing. Also, the filter distance should be as large as possible to achieve substantial skin sparing.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.454-458
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• 2002

Purpose : Bacillus Calmette-$Gu\acute{e}rin$(BCG) lymphadenitis is one of the most common complications of BCG vaccination. The involved lymph nodes usually subside spontaneously, but they may become enlarged and form an abscess. Treatment of these infants is controversial. The Pan American Health Organization recommends local isoniazid or rifampicin instillation for patients with suppurative BCG lymphadenitis. Methods : The study group comprised 37 patients who presented with BCG lymphadenitis over the last three years. BCG lymphadenitis was diagnosed if the affected patient developed an ipsilateral axillary or supraclavicular lymphadenitis, with no other identifiable cause for the lymphadenitis. We used rifampicin instillation therapy for patients with suppurative BCG lymphadenitis. Results : Lymphadenitis regressed spontaneously in three patients. Thirty four patients showed a progression to abscess formation. Among 34 patients with suppurative lymphadenitis, drainage developed spontaneously during the follow-up period in nine patients before therapy. Twenty five patients received needle aspiration and local rifampicin instillation therapy. Reaspiration was performed in seven patients. One of these patients still has large lymph nodes after the second attempt. Conclusion : Needle aspiration and local rifampicin instillation therapy into the node is a safe and effective form of treatment for suppurative BCG lymphadenitis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1989

In recent years there has been a growing interest in total body, hemibody, total lymphoid irradiation. For refractory leukemia or lymphoma patients, various techniques and dose regimens were introduced, including high dose total body irradiation for destruction of leukemic or bone marrow cells and immunosuppression prior to bone marrow transplantation, and low dose total body irradiation for treatment of lymphocytic leukemia or lymphomas. Accurate provision for specified dose and the desired homogeneity are essential before clinical total body irradiation. Purposes of this paper are to discuss calibrating Cobalt Unit in 3m distance using Rando Phantom, to compare calculated dose, calibrated dose, and compensating filters for homogeneous dose distribution in the head and neck, the lung, and the pelvis. Results were following. 1. Measured dose on the lung was 6% higher than on the abdomen. Measured dose on the head (10%) and neck (18%) were higher than the abdomen because of thinness. Pelvic dose was measured 12% less than the abdomen. Those data suggest that compensating filter was essential. 2. Measured dose according to distance was 3% less than calculated dose which suggest that all doses in clinical use should be compared with calculated dose for minimizing error.