• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.2302-2324
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• 2014

Cluster-based wireless sensor network (WSN) can significantly reduce the energy consumption by data aggregation and has been widely used in WSN applications. However, due to the intrinsic many-to-one traffic pattern in WSN, the network lifetime is generally deteriorated by the unbalanced energy consumption in a cluster-based WSN. Therefore, energy efficiency and network lifetime improvement are two crucial and challenging issues in cluster-based WSNs. In this paper, we propose a Non-Uniform Node Distribution (NUND) scheme to improve the energy efficiency and network lifetime in cluster-based WSNs. Specifically, we first propose an analytic model to analyze the energy consumption and the network lifetime of the cluster-based WSNs. Based on the analysis results, we propose a node distribution algorithm to maximize the network lifetime with a fixed number of sensor nodes in cluster-based WSNs. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the theoretical analysis results determined by the proposed analytic model are consistent with the simulation results, and the NUND can significantly improve the energy efficiency and network lifetime.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.1133-1151
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• 2010

Energy balanced consumption routing is based on assumption that the nodes consume energy both in transmitting and receiving. Lopsided energy consumption is an intrinsic problem in low-cost sensor networks characterized by multihop routing and in many traffic overhead pattern networks, and this irregular energy dissipation can significantly reduce network lifetime. In this paper, we study the problem of maximizing network lifetime through balancing energy consumption for uniformly deployed low-cost sensor networks. We formulate the energy consumption balancing problem as an optimal balancing data transmitting problem by combining the ideas of corona cluster based network division and optimized transmitting state routing strategy together with data transmission. We propose a localized cluster based routing scheme that guarantees balanced energy consumption among clusters within each corona. We develop a new energy cluster based routing protocol called "OECR". We design an offline centralized algorithm with time complexity O (log n) (n is the number of clusters) to solve the transmitting data distribution problem aimed at energy balancing consumption among nodes in different cluster. An approach for computing the optimal number of clusters to maximize the network lifetime is also presented. Based on the mathematical model, an optimized energy cluster routing (OECR) is designed and the solution for extending OEDR to low-cost sensor networks is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed routing scheme significantly outperforms conventional energy routing schemes in terms of network lifetime.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.861-868
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• 2023

Nonlinear network creates complex homotopy structural communication in wireless network medium because of complex distribution approach. Due to this multicast topological connection structure, the queuing probability was non regular principles to create routing structures. To resolve this problem, we propose a Co-cluster homotopy queuing model (Co-CHQT) for Nonlinear Algebraic Topological Structure (NLTS-) for improving poison distribution network communication. Initially this collects the routing propagation based on Nonlinear Distance Theory (NLDT) to estimate the nearest neighbor network nodes undernon linear at x_(a,b)→ax²+bx² = c. Then Quillen Network Decomposition Theorem (QNDT) was applied to sustain the non-regular routing propagation to create cluster path. Each cluster be form with co variance structure based on Two unicast 2(n+1)-Z2(n+1)-Z network. Based on the poison distribution theory X_(a,b) ≠ µ(C), at number of distribution routing strategies weights are estimated based on node response rate. Deriving shorte;'l/st path from behavioral of the node response, Hilbert -Krylov subspace clustering estimates the Cluster Head (CH) to the routing head. This solves the approximation routing strategy from the nonlinear communication depending on Max- equivalence theory (Max-T). This proposed system improves communication to construction topological cluster based on optimized level to produce better performance in distance theory, throughput latency in non-variation delay tolerant.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2018

In VANET, frequent movement of nodes causes dynamic changes of the network topology. Therefore the routing protocol, which is stable to effectively respond the changes of the network topology, is required. Moreover, the existing cluster-based routing protocol, that is the hybrid approach, has routing delay due to the frequent re-electing of the cluster header. In addition, the routing table of CBRP has only one hop distant neighbor nodes. PCBRP (Paired CBRP), proposed in this paper, ties two clusters in one pair of clusters to make longer radius. Then the pair of the cluster headers manages and operates corresponding member nodes. In the current CBRP, when the cluster header leaves the cluster the delay, due to the re-electing a header, should be occurred. However, in PCBRP, another cluster header of the paired cluster takes the role instead of the left cluster header. This means that this method reduces the routing delay. Concurrently, PCBRP reduces the delay when routing nodes in the paired cluster internally. Therefore PCBRP shows improved total delay of the network and improved performance due to the reduced routing overhead.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.680-699
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• 2015

The use of web service has been increased rapidly, with an increase in the number of available services, finding the exact service is the challenging task. Service discovery is the most significant job to complete the service discoverers needs. In order to achieve the efficient service discovery, we focus on designing a cluster based service discovery model for service registering and service provisioning among all mobile nodes in a mobile ad hoc network (MANETs). A dynamic backbone of nodes (i.e. cluster heads) that forms a service repository to which MANET nodes can publish their services and/or send their service queries. The designed model is based on storing services with their service description on cluster head nodes that are found in accordance with the proposed cluster head election model. In addition to identifying and analyzing the system parameters for finding the effectiveness of our model, this paper studies the stability analysis of the network, overhead of the cluster, and bandwidth utilization and network traffic is evaluated using analytic derivations and experimental evaluation has been done.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1618-1637
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• 2014

Clustering wireless sensor network is an efficient way to reduce the energy consumption of individual nodes in a cluster. In clustering, multihop routing techniques increase the load of the Cluster head near the sink. This unbalanced load on the Cluster head increases its energy consumption, thereby Cluster heads die faster and create an energy hole problem. In this paper, we propose an Energy Balancing Cluster Head (EBCH) in wireless sensor network. At First, we balance the intra cluster load among the cluster heads, which results in nonuniform distribution of nodes over an unequal cluster size. The load received by the Cluster head in the cluster distributes their traffic towards direct and multihop transmission based on the load distribution ratio. Also, we balance the energy consumption among the cluster heads to design an optimum load distribution ratio. Simulation result shows that this approach guarantees to increase the network lifetime, thereby balancing cluster head energy.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2019

WSN은 배터리와 같은 제한된 전원을 가진 센서 노드가 무선으로 구성된 네트워크이다. 센서 노드의 배터리가 모두 소모되면 해당 노드는 더는 동작하지 않으며, 일정 이상의 노드가 동작하지 않으면 네트워크는 제 역할을 하지 못하게 된다. 따라서 노드의 에너지 효율을 높여 에너지 소모를 최소화하면 네트워크의 수명을 증가시킬 수 있다. 에너지 효율을 높이기 위한 프로토콜은 다양하게 있으며, 그중 클러스터 방식과 체인 방식의 프로토콜이 있다. 클러스터 기반 프로토콜은 센서 공간을 클러스터로 나누어 각 클러스터마다 클러스터 내 데이터를 수집해 전송하는 클러스터 헤드를 선출한다. 클러스터 헤드로 선출된 노드의 경우 에너지 소모가 심한 문제가 있다. 체인 기반 프로토콜로 센서 노드들을 체인으로 연결하여 전송한다. 본 논문에서는 클러스터 기반 프로토콜인 LEACH Protocol에서 클러스터 헤드의 에너지 소모를 줄이기 위해 체인 연결 기법을 사용하여 네트워크 수명을 늘리고자 한다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2024

Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a critical issue because batteries are used for operation and communication. In terms of scalability, energy efficiency, data integration, and resilience, WSN-cluster-based routing algorithms often outperform routing algorithms without clustering. Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is a cluster-based routing protocol with a high transmission efficiency to the base station. In this paper, we propose an energy consumption model for LEACH and compare it with the existing LEACH, advanced LEACH (ALEACH), and power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems (PEGASIS) algorithms in terms of network lifetime. The energy consumption model comprises energy-sensitive cluster formation and a cluster head selection technique. The setup and steady-state phases of the proposed model are discussed based on the cluster head selection. The simulation results demonstrated that a low-energy-consumption network was introduced, modeled, and validated for LEACH.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2010

유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 시대의 핵심 기반 기술로서 무선 센서 네트워크 통신 기술에 대한 연구가 점차 확산되고 있다. 특히 센서 노드는 에너지 자원이 한정되어 있기 때문에, 에너지 효율적인 라우팅 기법을 통해 통신 에너지를 감소시키는 것이 가장 중요하다. 기존의 클러스터 기반 라우팅 프로토콜은 헤더를 임의로 선정함으로써 효율적으로 클러스터 헤더를 선정하지 못하는 문제점을 지닌다. 또한 기존의 클러스터 기반 라우팅 프로토콜은 대규모 크기의 네트워크를 지원하지 못하기 때문에 다양한 응용에서 활용될 수 없다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 기존 클러스터 기반 라우팅 기법의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 대표경로를 이용한 새로운 클러스터 기반 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 홉 수 기반의 대표경로를 생성함으로써 분산된 클러스터 헤더를 지닌 효율적인 클러스터를 구성한다. 또한, 클러스터 멤버 노드와 클러스터 헤더간의 데이터 통신 및 클러스터 헤더간의 통신을 위하여 멀티 홉 통신을 지원한다. 마지막으로 LEACH와 Mutihop-LEACH와의 성능 비교를 통해 제안하는 기법이 신뢰성 및 확장성 측면에서 성능이 우수함을 제시한다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2013

모바일 애드혹 네트워크(MANET: Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork)에서는 노드의 잦은 이동으로 네트워크 토폴로지 변화가 역동적으로 변하는 특성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 네트워크의 변화에 효과적으로 대응 할 수 있는 안정성이 우수한 라우팅 경로 설정 프로토콜이 필요하다. 기존의 클러스터 기반 라우팅 프로토콜(CBRP: Cluster Based Routing Protocol)은 클러스터 헤드 노드의 재선출로 인한 라우팅 지연 오버헤드가 발생한다. 또한 라우팅에 필요한 라우팅 테이블의 정보가 한 홉 반경으로만 국한되는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 PCBRP는 기존의 CBRP의 클러스터를 한 쌍의 페어로 묶어 기존의 클러스터 보다 반경이 큰 페어 클러스터를 만들어, 한 쌍의 클러스터 헤드 노드가 멤버 노드를 관리하고 운용 한다. 기존의 CBRP에서는 클러스터 헤드 노드가 더 이상 헤드 노드의 역할을 수행하지 못할 경우 헤드 노드의 재선출로 인한 지연이 생기는데, PCBRP에서는 헤드 노드의 역할을 수행하지 못하는 헤드 노드의 역할을 페어 클러스터의 다른 헤드 노드가 대신하여 멤버 노드의 라우팅을 수행함으로써 라우팅 지연을 감소시킨다. 또한 PCBRP는 한쌍의 클러스터에 속한 멤버 노드에 대한 라우팅 테이블 정보가 페어 클러스터 범위로 확장되어 경로요청으로 인한 지연을 감소시킨다.