• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2014

Three species of Nortamea concinua (NC) and Haliotis discus hannai (HDH) from Tongyeong and Sulculus diversicolor supertexta (SDS) are widely distributed on the coast of the Yellow Sea, southern sea and Jeju Island in the Korean Peninsula under the innate ecosystem. There is a need to understand the genetic traits and composition of three mollusk species in order to evaluate exactly the patent genetic effect. PCR analysis was performed on DNA samples extracted from a total of 21 individuals using seven decamer oligonucleotides primers. Seven primers were shown to generate the unique shared loci to each species and shared loci by the three species which could be clearly scored. A hierarchical clustering tree was constructed using similarity matrices to generate a dendrogram, which was facilitated by the Systat version 10. 236 specific loci, with an average of 56.3 per primer, were identified in the NC species. 142 specific loci, with an average of 44.7 per primer, were identified in the HDH species. Especially, 126 numbers of shared loci by the three species, with an average of 18 per primer, were observed among the three species. Especially, the decamer primer BION-75 generated 7 unique loci to each species, which were identifying each species, in 700 bp NC species. Interestingly, the primer BION-50detected 42 shared loci by the three species, major and/or minor fragments of sizes 100 bp and 150 bp, respectively, which were identical in all samples. As regards average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from HDH species (0.772) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from NC species (0.655). In this study, the dendrogram obtained by the seven decamer primers indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (CONCINNA 01~CONCINNA 07), cluster 2 (HANNAI 08~HANNAI 14), cluster 3 (SUPERTEXTA 15~SUPERTEXTA 21). Comparatively, individuals of HDH species were fairly closely related to that of SDS species, as shown in the hierarchical dendrogram of genetic distances.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 2009

Top-k queries are issued to find out the highest (or lowest) readings in many sensor applications. Many top-k query processing algorithms are proposed to reduce energy consumption; FILA installs a filter at each sensor node and suppress unnecessary sensor updates; PRIM allots priorities to sensor nodes and collects the minimal number of sensor reading according to the priorities. However, if many sensor reading converge into the same range of sensor values, it leads to a problem that many false positives are occurred. In this paper, we propose a cluster-based approach to reduce them effectively. Our proposed algorithm operates in two phases: top-k query processing in the cluster level and top-k query processing in the tree level. False positives are effectively filtered out in each level. Performance evaluations show that our proposed algorithm reduces about 70% false positives and achieves about 105% better performance than the existing top-k algorithms in terms of the network lifetime.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 1999

The Byokryon-Daejangbong valley forest in Keumsan area at Hallyo-Haesang National Park was studied to investigate forest structure in relation to altitude and part of the slope. Forty-eight quadrats were set up in the valley forest along altitude of 200m to 650m and part of the slope. Density, mean DBH, and basal area of the canopy trees were 820~1873trees/ha, 10.7~14.6cm, and 17.7~22.2$\m^2$/ha, respectively. With increasing elevation mean DBH and basal area of tree stratum increased while density of tree stratum decreased. As elevation increased the importance values of Quercus mongolioa, Styrax japonica, Acer pseudo-sieboldiannum, and Sorbus alnifolia increased while those of Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora, Prunus sargentii, Cornus kousa, and Eurya japonica decreased. The importance values of Fraxinus sieboldiana, Quercus variabilis, and Sorbus alnifolia increased as going from lower part to upper part of the slope. However, the opposite trend was found for the importance values of Styrax japonica, Lindera erythrocarpa, and Zelkova serrata, With incresing elevation number of species, species diversity, and evenness incresed and it was suggested that man interference was relatively severe. The range of similarity indices between elevation belts and between parts of the slope were 42.0~71.8% and 74.8~76.8%, respectively. According to importance values and cluster analysis, the studied valley forest was classified into four forest communities of Quercus serrata-Pinus densiflora community in low elevation belt, Carpinus laxiflora-deciduous tree species community in high elevation belt and lower and middle parts at middle elevation belt, Quercus variabilis-Carpinus laxiflora community in upper part at middle elevation belt, and Quercus mongolica-Styrax japonica community in top area. There were significantly positive correlation among Quercus serrata, Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, and Eurya japonica and among Carpinus laxiflora, Zelkova serrata, and Cornus walteri.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2011

In this study, seven Trichoderma species (33 strains) were classified using secondary metabolite profile-based chemotaxonomy. Secondary metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) and multivariate statistical methods. T. longibrachiatum and T. virens were independently clustered based on both internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence and secondary metabolite analyses. T. harzianum formed three subclusters in the ITS-based phylogenetic tree and two subclusters in the metabolitebased dendrogram. In contrast, T. koningii and T. atroviride strains were mixed in one cluster in the phylogenetic tree, whereas T. koningii was grouped in a different subcluster from T. atroviride and T. hamatum in the chemotaxonomic tree. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to determine which metabolites were responsible for the clustering patterns observed for the different Trichoderma strains. The metabolites were hetelidic acid, sorbicillinol, trichodermanone C, giocladic acid, bisorbicillinol, and three unidentified compounds in the comparison of T. virens and T. longibrachiatum; harzianic acid, demethylharzianic acid, homoharzianic acid, and three unidentified compounds in T. harzianum I and II; and koninginin B, E, and D, and six unidentified compounds in T. koningii and T. atroviride. The results of this study demonstrate that secondary metabolite profiling-based chemotaxonomy has distinct advantages relative to ITS-based classification, since it identified new Trichoderma clusters that were not found using the latter approach.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1447-1452
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• 2022

Seoul Special City, one of the world's top 10 cities and Metro City, has traditional urban manufacturing industries such as printing, sewing, and mechanical metals. Small business owners in these manufacturing clusters have developed in the form of mutual assistance. Due to the nature of the agglomeration site, each process is handled by an individual company. It is difficult for relatively small business owners to prepare order processing services that provide real-time logistics movement information between processes. This paper collects and analyzes existing logistics data for smooth order and delivery of small business owners in package manufacturing and special printing fields We design an artificial intelligence Fulfillment Service Platform system with CRNN, k-NN, and ID3 Decision Tree Algorithm. Through this study, it is expected that it will greatly contribute to increasing sales and improving capabilities by allowing small business owners in integrated areas to use individual orders and delivery customized services through the Cloud network.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.36-47
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• 2023

Industrial Control System(ICS), which controls facilities at major industrial sites, is increasingly connected to other systems through networks. With this integration and the development of intelligent attacks that can lead to a single external intrusion as a whole system paralysis, the risk and impact of security on industrial control systems are increasing. As a result, research on how to protect and detect cyber attacks is actively underway, and deep learning models in the form of unsupervised learning have achieved a lot, and many abnormal detection technologies based on deep learning are being introduced. In this study, we emphasize the application of preprocessing methodologies to enhance the anomaly detection performance of deep learning models on time series data. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of a Wavelet Transform (WT)-based noise reduction methodology as a preprocessing technique for deep learning-based anomaly detection. Particularly, by incorporating sensor characteristics through clustering, the differential application of the Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform proves to be the most effective approach in improving the detection performance of cyber attacks.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.124-131
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• 1999

This study was carried out to identify the phylogenetic relationship among Phellinus species by comparing the DNA sequences of the 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs), ITS1 and ITS2 regions. Two primers from the 3' end of 18S rDNA and the 5' end of 28S rDNA sequences were chosen to amplify the specific ITS regions of Phellinus spp. Phellinus strains used in the study were divided into four clusters by the phylogenetic tree based on the amplified regions of ITS and 5.8S rDNA sequences. The first cluster consist of Phellinus hartigii IMSNU 32041 and Phellinus robustus IMSNU 32068, and the second cluster consists of Phellinus linteus strains and Phellinus weirianus IMSNU 32021. Phellinus laevigatus KCTC 6229, KCTC 6230 and Phellinus igniarius KCTC 6227, KCTC 6228 belong to the third cluster. Finally, Phellinus chrysoloma KCTC 6225 and Phellinus chrysoloma KCTC 6226 are the fourth cluster. In the second cluster the differentiation between Phellinus linteus strains and Phellinus weirianus species were not possible by the comparison of the ITS sequences. These results revealed that Phellinus linteus and Phellinus weirianus cannot be established the concept of species level only by the ITS sequences. Therefore, both physiological and molecular biological methods as well as the sequences of type strains are necessary to classify the strains of these two species accurately. The comparison of the ITS sequences of four Phellinus species indicated that the sequences of the ITS1 generally are more divergent than those of the ITS2. Although the ITS sequences are varied in some species, the conserved regions in both ITS1 and ITS2 are useful tool to differentiate the species. Phellinus linteus and related species have their specific sequences in the ITS1 compared to the other species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 2014

In order to select superior trees based on fruit characteristics and provide basic informations necessary for their improvement, total 107 individual trees of Sorbus alnifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) K. Koch were selected from 11 wild populations in South Korea. After collecting normal fruit branch, we investigated morphological characteristics of fruit and then considered its relationship among the 11 populations by multivariate analysis method. Results from principal compound analysis showed that it represented 85.8% accumulated explanation from five principal compounds. According to cluster analysis based on fruit characteristics, the natural S. alnifolia populations were classified into four groups and Mt. Mani population was different from other populations. Selection effect with outstanding candidate trees including superior 5 individual trees (Gwangyo 1, Gwangyo 2, Deogyu 7, Mani 29, Mani 30) was estimated at 122.8%, 115.5% and 182.7% in fruit width, length and yield per fruit bunch, respectively. The object of this results will give us invaluable information about breeding by selection of S. alnifolia in south Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.6
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• pp.410-419
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• 2005

Community structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest of Mt. Yeogwi in Jin-do was investigated to secure sustainable conservation of evergreen broad-leaved forest. Twenty survey plots of $20m{\times}20m$ were established along the elevation from 200 m to 390 m above the sea level in the northwestern slope. The woody species were tallied at each plots. DBH distribution of the major evergreen broad-leaved trees was investigated to find out the spatial distribution. Cluster analysis was applied to a set of vegetation data, that is, importance value to classify the forest community. Species diversity, evenness and species correlation were analysed. Canonical correspondence analysis was also applied to vegetation data and soil environmental data. Cluster analysis showed that the forests of Mt. Yeogwi were classified into 2 community groups, such as Camellia japonica community group and Quercus acuta community group. C japonica community group was subdivided into C japonica- evergreen broad-leaved trees community, C. japonica-Neolitsea sericea community, and C. japonica-deciduous broad-leaved trees community. Q. acuta community group was subdivided into Q. acuta-C. japonica community, and Q. acuta community. C. japonica, Q. acuta, N. sericea, Machilus thunbergii and Illicium religiosum were dominant evergreen broad-leaved tree species, while Styrax japonica, Lindera erythrocarpa, Cornus kousa, Prunus sargentii, Albizzia julibrisin and Quercus acutissima were major deciduous tree species. Species diversity was greater in Q. acuta community group (0.8231 for Q. acuta-C. japonica community, and 0.8135 for Q. acuta community) than in C. japonica community group (0.7674 for C. japonica-evergreen broad-leaved trees community, 0.6164 for C. japonica-N. sericea community, and 0.7931 for C. japonica-deciduous broad-leaved trees community). DBH 2 cm~10 cm of major evergreen broad-leaved trees occupied 80% of all. C. japonica of less than DBH 5 cm tended to aggregate but distribute randomly or regularly with increasing DBH. Q. acuta distributed more aggregately than C. japonica and Machilus thunbergii for more than 15 cm of DBH. C. japonica correlated negatively with Q. acuta, I. religiosum and C. kousa, but positively with N. sericea. with significance at 1% level. Q. acuta correlated negatively with C. japonica, N. sericea and M. thunbergii but positively with l. religiosum. There were also negative correlation between N. sericea and C. kousa. CCA showed that forest communities were correlated with soil variables such as CEC, soil organic matter and soil pH. With increased soil organic matter and CEC, and decreased soil pH, C. japonica was dominant and forest community and Q. acuta and N. sericea tended to develop in the evergreen broad-leaved forest.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.235-238
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 기존의 클러스터 기반 퍼지 모델트리에서 트리의 깊이에 따른 over-fitting으로 인한 훈련 및 검증데이터의 일관성 문제점을 해결하기 위해 상호 노드간의 정보를 고려하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 방법은 우선 입력과 출력변수의 속성을 고려한 퍼지 클러스터링에 의해 중심벡터를 계산한 후, 중심벡터들과 입력 속성간의 소속도를 이용하여 구간 분할된 영역별로 각각의 선형모델을 구축한다. 예측 단계에서는 입력된 데이터가 잎노드에 도달하는 노드간의 중심벡터와 입력 데이터간의 거리값에 따른 소속도를 계산한 후 최종적으로 무게 중심법을 이용하여 출력값을 예측하게 된다. 제안된 방법의 우수성을 보이기 위해 다양한 벤치마크 데이터를 대상을 실험한 결과, 기존의 클러스터 기반 퍼지 모델트리보다 향상된 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다.