• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Purpose - In this paper, the degree of similarity and dissimilarity between pairs of 50 major cities in China can be shown on the basis of three evaluation variables(internet businessman index, internet shopping index and e-commerce development index). Dissimilarity distance matrix is used to analyze both similarity and dissimilarity between each fifty city in China by calculating dissimilarity as distance. Higher value signifies higher degree of dissimilarity between two cities. Cluster analysis is exploited to classify 50 cities into a number of different groups such that similar cities are placed in the same group. In addition, multidimensional scaling(MDS) technique can obtain visual representation for exploring the pattern of proximities among 50 major cities in China based on three development performance attributes. Research design, data, and methodology - This research is performed by the 2013 report provided with AliResearch in China(1/1/2013~11/30/2013) and utilized multivariate methods such as dissimilarity distance matrix, cluster analysis and MDS by using CLUSTER, KMEANS, PROXIMITIES and ALSCAL procedures in SPSS 21.0. Results - This research applies two types of cluster analysis and MDS on three development performances based on the 2013 report of Aliresearch. As a result, it is confirmed that grouping is possible by categorizing the types into four clusters which share similar characteristics. MDS is exploited to carry out positioning of both grouped locations of cluster and 50 major cities belonging to each cluster. Since all the values corresponding to Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hangzhou(which belong to cluster 1 among 50 major cities) are very large, these cities are superior to other cities in all three evaluation attributes. Twelve cities(Beijing, ShangHai, Jinghua, ZhuHai, XiaMen, SuZhou, NanJing, DongWan, ZhangShan, JiaXing, NingBo and FoShan), which belong to cluster 3, are inferior to those of cluster 1 in terms of all three attributes, but they can be expected to be the next e-commerce revolution. The rest of major cities, in particular, which belong to cluster 4 are relatively inferior in all three attributes, so that this automatically evokes creative innovation, which leads to e-commerce development as a whole in China. In terms of internet businessman index, on the other hand, Tainan, Taizhong, and Gaoxiong(which belong to cluster 2) are situated superior to others. However, these three cities are inferior to others in an internet shopping index sense. The rest of major cities, in particular, which belong to cluster 4 are relatively inferior in all three evaluation attributes, so that this automatically evokes innovation and entrepreneurship, which leads to e-commerce development as a whole in China. Conclusions - This study suggests the implications to help e-governmental officers and companies make strategies in both Korea and China. This is expected to give some useful information in understanding the recent situation of e-commerce in China, by looking over development performances of 50 major cities. Therefore, we should develop marketing, branding and communication relevant to online Chinese consumers. One of these efforts will be incentives like loyalty points and coupons that can encourage consumers and building in-house logistics networks.

• Journal of the Korean Academic Society of Industrial Cluster
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-46
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to analyses current status and issues of cluster formation and extract policy implications. To this end, the questionnaire which surveyed the level of cluster formation were executed targeting the actors of regional innovation projects(RIPs). The results show that the situations and development stage of the cluster formation between capital region and non-capital region, large cities and small and medium sized cites are different. The level of clustering is also satisfactory, which is a requirement for cluster formation at its early stage. However, the capacity for phase II of cluster growth is not sufficient yet in terns of relationships between ventures and large corporations, institutions supporting management, finance and marketing, researchers from each individual sector of strategic industries and spin-off fines. Therefore, RIPs should be promoted with different policy tools for various regions that are devised according to the varying development stage of each region. The location of RIPs should be determined considering efficiency rather than equity, clustering rather than decentralization, and specialization rather than multiple development. In the long term, developed regions should pursue balanced regional development, with underdeveloped regions targeting specialization.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.104-119
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• 2019

Innovation clusters are essential in the economic development of many developed countries across the world. While they present ways for under-developed and developing countries to grow their economies, fully operational innovation clusters are yet to be established in Nigeria. Many experts argue that learning from experience is an effective way of galvanizing economic development. Therefore, in this study, an empirical analysis involving a multi-variable quantitative analysis was used to examine the factors that influence the performance of the Daedeok Innopolis Innovation Cluster (South Korea). The results obtained show that the investment in education, Research and Development (R&D), labor capacity of key players within the innovation cluster, and the transfer of technology (within the cluster) were essential factors that influence the performance of the Daedeok Innopolis Innovation Cluster.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.164-186
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• 2020

It is generally known that a Science and Technology Park - as a representative example of an Innovation Cluster - produces network synergy among industry, university, research institutes, and other innovation actors in a specific area, so that it has a competitive edge over other regions in technological innovation. However, as the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic unfolds, it has become necessary to reduce face-to-face contacts and this could lead to lesser network synergy being produced in an Innovation Cluster. With this background, this research was designed and conducted to evaluate how COVID-19 has changed the activities in Innovation Clusters and explore future development scenarios. In order to find out the changes occurring in an Innovation Cluster, a survey was conducted among the people in Science and Technology Parks. The survey result shows that people are experiencing difficulties in technological innovation and support activities, and face-to-face contacts have been reduced in the Innovation Cluster. A scenario planning sought to explore the future development of the Innovation Cluster. It suggests that the transformation into a Digital Innovation Cluster, which is less affected by physical distance, but can still maintain the effectiveness of the networks, can be the key strategy for the future Innovation Cluster.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.397-410
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• 2016

Although industrial complexes have played as an engine of the Korean economy for the last 40 years, the majority of industrial complexes shows limitations to the continuous growth such as a lack of innovation capabilities and social capital, conceived as a key to transforming into clusters of innovation. To overcome those problems, the Korean government embarked on the cluster policy from the mid 2000's, focusing on promoting the endogenous development capabilities of individual industrial complexes. Drawing upon the in-depth case study of the Gumi IT cluster, one of the representative large-scale industrial complexes in Korea, the authors conclude that the cluster policy has contributed to making the Gumi IT cluster enhance the capabilities of endogenous development through the facilitation of self-organizing learning communities within the cluster.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.25
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• pp.155-175
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• 2011

The cultural cluster in Chuncheon was initiated in the late 1990s with the combination of diverse components, which were companies, a local government entity, educational institutions, and human resources. In order to hold ability of standing on its own way in a hard time when the local cultural industries could not had developed by themselves, it urgently required the encouragement policy in the name of industry development. GIMC (Gangwon Information & Multimedia Corporation) was established in this situation, and policy strategies for promoting the cultural cluster was decided on the basis of GIMC's strategies. This article analyzes the evolution process of the local cluster and suggests characteristics of its every stage--initiation, development, and decline--on the basis of cluster competition concept because of the problem to deal with the evolution process of cluster from the existing viewpoint. This article finds out that Chuncheon cluster embarked on cultural cluster strategies without concerning basic elements which had to be prepared from the initial stage. This problem worked as the serious obstacle hampering development of Chunchen cluster. This problem was the matter of policies in providing a direction of industry development as well as leading a local cultural cluster and led to a result of weakening the connection among cluster components. As a result, this article shows that the current status of Chuncheon cultural cluster is being entered the decline stage, and, therefore, suggests that the advanced policy to promote cluster for a next round is urgently needed. Stable closing the first round of cultural cluster policies and thorough preparation for the second round is the only practical solution to minimize side effects of cluster decline. It is the prerequisite to restore trust and, at the same time, reinforce relationship between members who consist of Chuncheon cultural cluster.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.416-441
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• 2010

This paper attempts to develop a framework articulating a suite of indicators of cluster development, based upon existing work on the economic geography of clusters, cluster frameworks and indicators and cluster policies. Unlike other work the framework adopted here emphasizes adaptive and proactive roles played by agents, whether individual or collective, within the cluster when understanding it as a learning environment to capture an implication made from adopting the cluster perspective. Some possible indicators are operationalized and suggested even if they are not definitive and exhaustive. The conceptual framework and the specific indicators suggested can provide policy-makers and key stakeholders in clusters with a proper set of tools for measuring the level of cluster development, maneuvering a broader strategic planning exercise for successful cluster development.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to examine of the cluster approach to ensure high rates of innovation, information and communication enterprises of information technology cluster in order to enhance the competitiveness of regions. Keeping with the previous literature, the present research determined that the novelty of the problem, concerning of the creation IT clusters as drivers of new generation, i.e. a kind of platform of "startup accelerators" through the creation of previously not existing in the country high-tech industries and sectors of the economy. The study employs system approach involves to determine prospective directions of the formation of clusters of IT industry, also applies structured approach to shows relationships between elements of cluster systems (participants of cluster), as well as focusing on some aspects of cluster development such as networking. Based on this analysis we have proposed to create clusters in regions, which can play the role of translator's innovations at the periphery of the country. This research shows that formation of IT clusters is one of the most successful tools to avoid of dependence of Kazakhstan from raw materials.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.78-87
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• 2024

To quantitatively assess the correlation between subsystems within a port cluster and the overall coordinated development of the port group, the current paper evaluates the coordinated development of port clusters. First, we construct an evaluation index system for the coupling and coordination of port clusters. Next, we introduce the contribution index of port subsystems, coupling degree, and coupling coordination degree functions to formulate a coupling coordination evaluation model for the port cluster. Finally, we use the Yangtze River Delta port cluster as a case study for validation, specifically using empirical data from 2012 to 2021. The findings reveal distinct phased characteristics in the coupling and coordination of port clusters in the Yangtze River Delta, marked by a notable transition from "maladjustment" to "coordination." Further, sustained high coupling values over a decade indicate a significant level of competition and cooperation among ports within the Yangtze River Delta port cluster. Over time, this competitive and collaborative dynamic has progressively evolved toward a more positive and structured direction. Lastly, it is expected that the evaluation model proposed in this paper can be extrapolated to other port clusters to gauge the extent of coordinated development, thereby facilitating horizontal comparisons and vertical analyses.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 2006

This paper rejuvenates the existing discussion on the importance of cluster approach to industry development strategies. Current evidences suggest that the shape of economic policy and practice is changing significantly around the world. Governments continually search for new tools and policy formulas to improve economic performance and create economic prosperity for all citizens. In this context a more proactive and strategic role for government in support of the cluster-based economic development model has emerged. This paper uses Singapore's petrochemical industry as an example to study the cluster approach to industry development. In doing so, there is much optimism to the importance of state and its institutions to play a significant role on industry development. Nevertheless, the study also raises doubts on whether the cluster-based strategy is due to the concept itself or due to other important factors.