• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1094-1099
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• 2005

Photosynthetic dinoflagellates contain a water-soluble, light-harvesting antenna called the peridinin-chlorophyll-protein (PCP) complex, which has an apoprotein with no sequence similarity to other known proteins. There are two forms of PCP apoproteins; the 15-kDa short form and the 32- to 35­kDa long form. The present study describes the PCP protein and its cDNA from Alexandrium tamarense. A cDNA library was constructed from mRNA isolated from A. tamarense. The complete PCP cDNA was generated by reverse-transcription coupled to polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), together with rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The A. tamarense PCP cDNA encoded a 55-amino acid signal peptide and a 313-amino acid mature protein with a calculated mass of 32 kDa, which corresponded to that of the long form of PCP. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sequence of A. tamarense PCP did not cluster with the short-form PCPs, to which it was only about $55\%$ identical, but which were $79-83\%$ identical to other long-form PCPs. The deduced amino acid sequence of A. tamarense PCP contains an internal duplication, which suggests the possibility that long-form PCPs arose by gene duplication or by the fusion of genes encoding the short form. The abundance of PCP mRNA changed substantially in response to different light conditions, indicating the possible existence of a photo-acclimation response in A. tamarense.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.918-929
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• 2015

Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is being used more widely, and the biological contributions involved in MEOR need to be identified and quantified for the improvement of field applications. Owing to the excellent interfacial activity and the wide distribution of producing strains in oil reservoirs, lipopeptides have proved to be an essential part of the complex mechanisms in MEOR. In this study, crude lipopeptides were produced by a strain isolated from an indigenous community in an oil reservoir. It was found that crude lipopeptides can effectively reduce the IFT (interfacial tension) to 10^-1~10^-2 mN/m under high salinity without forming stable emulsions, and the wettability of natural sandstone can be enhanced (Amott index, from 0.36 to 0.48). The results of core flooding experiments indicate that an additional 5.2% of original oil in place can be recovered with a 9.5% reduction of injection pressure. After the shut-in period, the wettability of the core, the reduction of injection pressure, and the oil recovery can be improved to 0.63, 16.2% and 9.6%, respectively. In the microscopic flooding experiments, the crude oil in membrane, cluster, and throat states contribute nearly 90% in total of the additional oil recovery, and the recovery of membranestate oil was significantly enhanced by 93.3% after shut in. Based on the results in macro and pore scale, the IFT reduction and the wettability alteration are considered primary contributors to oil recovery, while the latter was more dominant after one shut-in period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the intention of smoking cessation according to the level of cigarette price increase among adolescent smokers and to suggest a reasonable cigarette price to effectively reduce smoking prevalence. Methods: In 2007, subjects were selected from middle and high school students except twelfth graders using a complex sampling design which employs a two-stage cluster sampling method. In total, 1,001 current smokers were included in the study. To investigate the intention of smoking cessation according to the level of cigarette price increase, cumulative percentages of smoking cessation of every smoking-related subgroup were presented under the assumption that cigarette prices increased to 3,000, 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 or 10,000 won. Non-parametric statistical methods were used to compare the prices at which the subjects intended to quit smoking among the subgroups. Results: More than 50 percent of current smokers intended to quit smoking under the assumption that cigarette prices were doubled to 5,000 won. However, the effect of cigarette prices on smoking cessation was less sensitive when the prices exceeded 5,000 won. In addition, the median of cigarette prices at which the subjects intended to quit smoking was 5,000 won, excluding the subjects who smoked less than a cigarette a day. Conclusion: This study suggests that 5,000 won for one pack of cigarettes is a reasonable price to effectively encourage smoking cessation, considering the price elasticity. Therefore, this finding may be helpful in establishing a new cigarette price policy for anti-smoking.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.743-753
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• 2008

Gwangyang Bay is often severely confronted by photochemical pollutants due to its location and dense emissions. It is located in a basin on the south coast of the Korean peninsula and is crossed by a remarkable cluster of hills and mountains of a small horizontal scale that forms a channel. Clearly, the air flow field has a great influence on the dispersion of air pollutants. The characteristics of the wind flow patterns have an important effect on the dispersion of pollutants emitted. In these situations, the distribution of the ozone concentration is extremely complicated because of the superposition of circulations of the air flow fields, especially in complex coastal region. In this study, we examined the distribution of the high level ozone on Gwangyang Bay particularly during the episode day (for 5 years). Among these days, A high level ozone was induced by the development of a sea/land breeze local circulation system, as well as by an anabatic/catabatic flow from the mountains and valley with weakening of the synoptic wind. High level ozone distribution pattern(6 types) on Gwangyang bay is analyzed and the comparison of each pattern reveals substantial localized differences in intensity and distribution of ozone concentration from the site coherence and UPA analysis of ozone concentration. The observed VOC concentration had much difference in concentrations and daily variations between Jungdong and Samil.

• Journal of the Korean Academic Society of Industrial Cluster
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

The T-DMB which was developed by the convergence of digital broadcasting technology and communication technology provides us with very good quality of music like CD, and provides TV services in a super express train like the KTX whose velocity is over 300 Km per hour. The T-DMB is diffusing toward the world as a technology which is be able to provide the various convergent services of broadcasting and communication through mobile phone, PDA, dedicated terminal, and so on. A business model needed for the diffusion of the T-DMB toward the world was established and utilized to expand the T-DMB into Vietnam in the paper. In addition, this paper describes a case for the establishment of the T-DMB system in order to provide the paid services in Vietnam. It is expected that the expansion of the T-DMB into Vietnam will make a great contribution to the diffusion of the T-DMB toward the world.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.137-161
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• 2009

In an effort to identify predictors of job performance, research studies in social work administration has been so far on the individual practitioners' levels of knowledge and skills, which could be used in a workplace. As the theoretical concept of organizational environment was fully introduced into social work administration research, however, studies on practitioners' job performance began to have interest in the team or the organizational level variables as well as individual level variables. Along the course of this tendency, this study attempted to test the effect of individual, team, and organizational level variables on the job performance of human service workers. The individual level variables consisted of knowledge, skills, job satisfaction, personality, and counter-productive work behaviors of workers. The team or the organizational level variables included situational constraint, organizational justice, job characteristics, government-dependency, and inter-organizational cooperation. Multi-level complex survey data collected by cluster sampling method from 314 practitioners in 23 organizations were analyzed using Hierarchial Linear Model. Results showed that both task and contextual performance were affected by individual, team, and organizational level variables in various ways.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.336-341
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• 2004

This paper proposes an independent component analysis(ICA) of the fixed-point (FP) algorithm based on secant method and the kurtosis. The FP algorithm based on secant method is applied to improve the analysis speed and performance by simplifying the calculation process of the complex derivative in Newton method, the kurtosis is applied to cluster the components. The proposed ICA has been applied to the problems for separating the 6-mixed signals of 500 samples and 8-mixed images of $512{\times}512$ pixels, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed ICA has always a fixed analysis sequence. The result can be solved the limit of conventional ICA based on secant method which has a variable sequence depending on the running of algorithm. Especially, the proposed ICA can be used for classifying and identifying the signals or the images.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.45-51
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised learning method for modeling motion trajectory patterns effectively. In our approach, observations of an object on a trajectory are treated as words in a document for latent dirichlet allocation algorithm which is used for clustering words on the topic in natural language process. This allows clustering topics (e.g. go straight, turn left, turn right) effectively in complex scenes, such as crossroads. After this procedure, we learn patterns of word sequences in each cluster using Baum-Welch algorithm used to find the unknown parameters in a hidden markov model. Evaluation of abnormality can be done using forward algorithm by comparing learned sequence and input sequence. Results of experiments show that modeling of semantic region is robust against noise in various scene.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1997

Steroid 21 hydroxylase deficiency is a major cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and is caused by genetic impairment of the gene (CYP21B). In the human genome, CYP21B is located within the MHC class III region on the short arm of chromosome 6. Most of the genes in this region are highly polymorphic and crowded. Also the CYP21B gene is accompanied by its pseudogene (CYP21A) and tandemly arranged with two genes of fourth component of complement. This highly complex gene cluster in this area may predispose genetic instability of CYP21, i.e. mutations. In this study, tried to investigate the frequency of duplication and deletion of CYP21 and patterns of the genetic alterations of these genes.We also compared the genetic alteration in normal subjects with those of the CAH patients. The results showed that 15% of the normal korean population have duplication or deletion of CYP21. There was one normal subject with heterozygous deletion of CYP21B. Of the 5 CAH patients examined, 2 were found to show abnormal patterns. One was a large-scale gene conversion and the other a gene conversion associated with deletion involving both CYP21B and C4 locus II gene. Through this study, we carne to the conclusion that the duplication or even deletion of CYP21 and C4 might be quite a common event in the Korean population and these rearrangements must be regarded as polymorphisms. It could contribute to a high incidencs of CAH by providing a genetic pool of instable CYP21.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.687-696
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• 2006

This study aims at analyzing the silhouette, dress patterns and detail of Empire Era(1789-1825), and making use of this results for the modern stage costume construction. The dresses of Empire era were divided into X and H style. The results revealed that the bust girth of X style group was bigger than that of H style group. Such patterns as high waistline, puff sleeve, train, etc. which appeared during the peak time of Empire style period were more remarkable for H style group. This obviously indicated that more epical characteristics were observed for H style group than for X style group. Similarly to silhouette analysis, based on the results from cluster analysis conducted to put similar groups together, two groups were formed - a visually differentiated and complex group and a simple group in the absence of detail. Most dress details from Empire period had simple embellishments. Comparison of the average size of the patterns between two groups indicated that waist front length of H style was shorter than that of X style. Front interscye was even greater than back width for both groups. Such trend was quite different from today's pattern in which back width is larger than front width based on body measurements. Preference for big breast during the period was reflected on dress patterns and the side length of front side goes across the back much further for bodice patterns. Two representatives were selected and reproduced using materials similar to those of real dresses of Empire style, following two times fit test.