• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.217-225
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• 2019

The aim of this study was determine to effect of shaft length and physical condition on golf driving performance(head speed, distance and direction). A range of drivers with length between 44 inch, 45 inch and 46 inch limit imposed by R&A rules limited were assembled and evaluated. Club head speed and drive distance and accuracy were determined three category 27 PGA pro golfer (handicaps 0, and height $170cm{\geq}171-175{\geq}175-180cm$) who golf performance. As a results follow : Head speed was significantly difference with 44, 45 between 46inch(p<.01). Distance was significantly difference with 44 between 46inch(p<.05). And direction was significantly difference with 44, 45inch between 46inch(p<.05). Head speed according to height was general similarity among shaft length in 170cm, 171-175cm. Distance were general similarity among shaft length in 170cm, and significantly difference with 44inch between 46inch in 171-175cm(p<.01), and significantly difference with 45inch between 46inch in 176-180cm(p<.05). Direction were significantly difference with 44inch between 46inch in 170cm(p<.05), but do not significantly difference with 44inch between 46inch in 176-180cm, 176-180cm. These results show that shaft length and height can affect head speed, distance and direction.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

Purpose : Recently, many researchers and golf coachers demonstrated that X-factor and X-factor stretch had a co-relationship with driving distance. However, its relationship is still controversial and ambiguous. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship among X-factor, X-factor stretch and swing-related factors, including driving distance in elite golfers. Method : Seventeen male elite golfers (handicap: ${\leq}4$) with no history of musculo-skeletal injuries participated in the study. Thirty spherical retro-reflective markers were placed on including the middle point of PSIS, the right/left ASIS, the right/left lateral acromion of the scapula, driver head and shaft grip. All motion capture data was collected at 100Hz using 6 infrared cameras. Carry distance, club speed, ball speed, smash factor, launch angle, and spin rate were collected from radar-based device, TrackMan. Results : Pearson's correlation coefficient method was used to find the correlations among X-factor, X-factor stretch and swing-related factors. Positive correlations between driving distance and other swing-related factors which include club speed(r=.798, p<.001), and ball speed(r=.948, p<.001) were observed. In contrast to the swing-related factors, X-factor and X-factor stretch had no relationship to driving distance. Conclusion : These results indicate that X-factor and X-factor stretch are not key regulators in driving distance.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.205-219
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• 2002

This research seeks to identify the plantar pressure distribution graph and change in force in connection with effective golf drive strokes and thus to help ordinary golfers have appropriate understanding on the moving of the center of weight and learn desirable drive swing movements. To this end, we conducted surveys on five excellent golfers to analyze the plantar pressure applied when performing golf drive strokes, and suggested dynamic variables quantitatively. 1) Our research presents the desire movements as follows. For the time change in connection with the whole movement, as a golfer raises the club head horizontally low above ground from the address to the top swing, he makes a semicircle using the left elbow joint and shaft and slowly turns his body, thus lengthening the time. And, as the golfer twists the right waist from the middle swing to the impact with the head taking address movement, and does a quick movement, thus shortening the time. 2) For the change in pressure distribution by phase, to strike a strong shot with his weight imposed from the middle swing to the impact, a golfer uses centrifugal force, fixes his left foot, and makes impact. This showed greater pressure distribution on the left sole than on the right sole. 3) For the force distribution graph by phase, the force in the sole from the address to halfway swing movements is distributed to the left foot with 46% and to the right foot with 54%. And, with the starting of down swing, as the weight shifts to the left foot, the force is distributed to the left sole with 58%. Thus, during the impact and follow through movements, it is desirable for a golfer to allow his left foot to take the weight with the right foot balancing the body. 4) The maximum pressure distribution and average of the maximum force in connection with the whole movement changed as the left (foot) and right (foot) supported opposing force, and the maximum pressure distribution also showed much greater on the left sole.