• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature control by a shade tree and the lawn area. In this investigation, we find out that artificial-lawn, concerte, and exposed soil are more higher temperature than covered with plant materials. The results of the measurement may to summerized as follows; 1) Low-temperature effects of zoysia japonica is more controlled by condition of growth than leaf length of grass. Surface temperature make 0.7$^{\circ}C$ difference between long grass (15cm), and short grass (5cm), but make 5$^{\circ}C$ difference between good growth grass (230/10$\textrm{cm}^2$) and bad growth grass (80/10$\textrm{cm}^2$). 2) The surface temperature of the lawn area is 40.5$^{\circ}C$ lower on a maxinum than that of the artificial lawn (July 28, 1985). During the day of summer, shade area under the shade tree is 0.9$^{\circ}C$ lower then lawn area surface temperature, 6.9$^{\circ}C$ lower than bad growth lawn, 10.3$^{\circ}C$ lower than exposed soil, and 18$^{\circ}C$ lower than concrete surface temperature. 3) Natural irrigation effect on the surface temperature fluctuation. But this effect is changed by compositions of ground materials and time-lapse. 4) Sunny day is more effective than cloud day. 5) In summer season, surface temperature make a difference compare to temperature of 0.5-1.5m height from ground : Surface temperature is 3.4$^{\circ}C$ lower at the lawn area (11 a.m.), 4.2$^{\circ}C$ lower at the shade area the shade tree, 12.7$^{\circ}C$ higher at the concrete area (3p.m.), 38.8$^{\circ}C$ higher at the artificial lawn (2p.m.) 6) According to compositions of ground materials and season have specific vertical temperature distribution curve. 7) In summer season, temperature distribution of 0.5-1.5m hight at the shade tree is 4.8-5.7$^{\circ}C$ lower than concrete area (noon-3p.m.)

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2000

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) Satellite was launched in November 1997, carving into orbit the first space-borne Precipitation Radar(PR). The main objective of the TRMM is to obtain and study multi-year science data sets of tropical and subtropical rainfall measurements. In the present investigation, the characteristics of heavy rainfall cases over Korea in 1998 and 1999 are analyzed using the TRMM/PR dat3. We compare the rainrate measured from TRMM/PR with the accumulated rainfall data for 10 minutes tv Automatic Weather System(AWS). Especially, horizontal cross-section of rainrate with height and longitude in the precipitating clouds are investigated. As a result of the comparison with GMS-5 IR1, the TRMM/PR data delineate well the rain type( i.e. convective, stratiform cloud and others), height of storm top and instantaneous rainrate in the precipitating clouds. The vertical structure with height and horizontal cross-section of rainrate along the longitude show the orographic effect on the rainfall. TRMM/PR instrument measures the rainrate below 6 ㎜/hr more than AWS rainguages and inclined to underestimate the rainrate than rainguages for the whole area.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.13-21
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• 2013

The goal of this paper is to provide performance improvement and stability for satellite data correction of some distortions due to cloud or radiance through distributed processing on cluster. To do this, we proposed and implemented SGE(Sun Grid Engine) based distributed processing methods using local storages and a status table. In the verification, the experiment result revealed that the proposed system on seven nodes improved the processing speed by 138.81% as compare to the existing system and provided good stability as well. This result showed that the proposed distributed processing work is more appropriate to process CPU bound jobs than I/O bound jobs. We expect that the proposed system will give scientists improved analysis performance in various fields and near-real time analysis services.

• KNOM Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.26-34
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• 2018

With the proliferation of cloud computing and services, the internet traffic and the demand for better quality of service are increasing. For this reason, server virtualization and network virtualization technology, which uses the resources of internal servers in the data center more efficiently, is receiving increased attention. However, the existing hardware Test Access Port (TAP) equipment is unfit for deployment in the virtual datapaths configured for server virtualization. Virtual TAP (vTAP), which is a software version of the hardware TAP, overcomes this problem by duplicating packets in a virtual switch. However, implementation of vTAP in a virtual switch has a performance problem because it shares the computing resources of the host machines with virtual switch and other VMs. We propose a vTAP implementation technique based on the extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF), which is a high-speed packet processing technology, and compare its performance with that of the existing vTAP.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.42.2-42.2
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• 2019

Turbulence is one of the natural phenomena in molecular clouds. It affects gas density and velocity fluctuation within the molecular clouds and controls the mode and tempo of star formation. However, despite many years of study, the properties of turbulence remain poorly understood. As part of the Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory (TRAO) Key Science Program (KSP), "mapping Turbulent properties In star-forming MolEcular clouds down to the Sonic scale (TIMES; PI: Jeong-Eun Lee)", we have fully mapped two star-forming molecular clouds, the Orion A and the Ophiuchus molecular clouds, in 3 sets of lines ($^{13}CO$ J=1-0, $C^{18}O$ J=1-0, HCN J=1-0, $HCO^+$ J=1-0, CS J=2-1, and $N_2H^+$ J=1-0) using the TRAO 14-m telescope. We apply a statistical analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which can recover an underlying turbulent-power spectrum from an observed P-P-V spectral map. We compare turbulence properties not only between the two clouds, but also between different parts within each cloud. We present the first result of our observation program.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.101-107
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• 2020

This paper aims to compare and analyze the major keywords according to the political orientation of progressive and conservative newspapers by utilizing the big data of the four major domestic daily newspapers related to COVID-19, which has entered a long-term war. To this end, 93,917 news reports from Jan. 20 to Sept. 15, 2020 were divided into four stages and the major keywords of the four newspapers were implemented and analyzed in WordCloud. According to the analysis, the conservative newspaper focused on the government's response, criticism, and China's responsibility by mentioning the keywords "government," "president," "state of affairs" and "mask" more than the progressive newspaper, while the progressive newspaper uses keywords that emphasize the seriousness of the disease and the occurrence of a dangerous situation. The Chosun Ilbo found that the use of various keywords during the massive outbreak of collective infections (2.18-5.15), and that the JoongAng Ilbo used keywords criticizing government policies in relation to reports of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, but also used keywords that emphasize the seriousness of diseases used by progressive newspapers and the occurrence of dangerous situations.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2021

Objectives: We aimed to compare the external herbal dispensary (EHD) evaluation criteria for pharmacopuncture and the Korea Good Manufacturing Practice (KGMP) sterile medicine standards to contribute to the establishment of quality control criteria for pharmacopuncture. Methods: We obtained the KGMP standards from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and the pharmacopuncture certification criteria from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea. The EHD evaluation items were classified into three categories: facilities, quality control, and validation. The evaluation items were compared with the KGMP sterile medicine criteria to determine their conformance with each other, followed by a discussion among the committee of six experts and their consensus to suggest the items to complement the EHD evaluation criteria. Results: Among the KGMP sterile medicine criteria, 44 were related to the management of the facilities, and 32 pharmacopuncture evaluation items corresponded to these KGMP items (66.7%). Fifty-eight KGMP criteria were related to quality management, and 42 pharmacopuncture evaluation items corresponded to these KGMP items (72.4%). Twentyfive KGMP sterile medicine criteria were related to validation, and 11 pharmacopuncture evaluation items corresponded to these KGMP items (44.0%). Sixteen items under the pharmacopuncture EHD criteria corresponded to the KGMP sterile medicine criteria based on the consent of the experts. Among these, 4 were related to facility management, 6 were related to quality control, and 6 were related to validation. Conclusion: For the safety and quality control of pharmacopuncture, there is a need to select the criteria for the mandatory items among the proposed pharmacopuncture-EHD criteria laws and systems to ensure that the pharmacopuncture materials are produced under the pharmacopuncture-EHD in compliance with the relevant requirements. More studies are needed to secure the safety level of pharmacopuncture materials corresponding to that of conventional medicine.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 2021

This study examines 3D scanning and how it is used in the construction field. 3D scanning technology was applied to a real space and compared with drawings in the planning and construction stages. 3D scanning technology has been widely applied in the field of construction, design, construction, and safety. The results of comparing 3D scanning data with drawings are as follows. First, the external shape and dimensions do not show much difference. Second, the internal shape and dimensions are different. Third, indoor lighting layouts are different in all buildings. 3D scanning should be an essential element in the construction stage before completion and should be used for supervision tasks such as material management, improving the efficiency of construction, and safety management through continuous 3D scanning using automation and robots. Follow-up studies in the field of architecture, such as BIM and process management, will be needed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.475-480
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• 2021

With the rapid development of mobile, cloud computing technology and social network services, we are in the flood of huge data and realize that these large-scale data contain very precious value and important information. Big data, however, have both latent useful value and critical risks, so, nowadays, a lot of researches and applications for big data has been executed actively in order to extract useful information from big data efficiently and make the most of the potential information effectively. At this moment, the data analysis technique that can extract precious information from big data efficiently is the most important step in big data computing process. In this study, we investigate various data analysis techniques that can extract the most useful information in big data computing process efficiently, compare pros and cons of those techniques, and propose proper data analysis method that can help us to find out the best solution of the big data analysis in the peculiar situation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.742-756
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• 2022

A flood of information has occurred with the rise of the internet and digital devices in the fourth industrial revolution era. Every millisecond, massive amounts of structured and unstructured data are generated; smartphones, wearable devices, sensors, and self-driving cars are just a few examples of devices that currently generate massive amounts of data in our daily. Machine learning has been considered an approach to support and recognize patterns in data in many areas to provide a convenient way to other sectors, including the healthcare sector, government sector, banks, military sector, and more. However, the conventional machine learning model requires the data owner to upload their information to train the model in one central location to perform the model training. This classical model has caused data owners to worry about the risks of transferring private information because traditional machine learning is required to push their data to the cloud to process the model training. Furthermore, the training of machine learning and deep learning models requires massive computing resources. Thus, many researchers have jumped to a new model known as "Federated Learning". Federated learning is emerging to train Artificial Intelligence models over distributed clients, and it provides secure privacy information to the data owner. Hence, this paper implements Federated Averaging with a Deep Neural Network to classify the handwriting image and protect the sensitive data. Moreover, we compare the centralized machine learning model with federated averaging. The result shows the centralized machine learning model outperforms federated learning in terms of accuracy, but this classical model produces another risk, like privacy concern, due to the data being stored in the data center. The MNIST dataset was used in this experiment.