• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.4 s.40
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• pp.405-416
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• 1991

This paper examined the risks perceived by consumers in apparel buying situation by 1) measuring the contents and perception level of risk, 2) categorizing each risk into meaningful factors (risk types), 3) analyzing the relationships between risk types and consumers' demo-graphic variables. 224 respondents deliberately selected to include each level of S demographic variables were contacted with 37-item question3.ire. Factor analysis showed that 32-item perceived risk could be categorized into 6 risk types: psychological. social, economic, time/convenience loss, fashionability loss, performance risk. Psychological risk were perceived highest in terms of perception level while social and performance risk showed relatively low perception level. 4 of 5 demographic variables including sex, education level, income, occupa-tion showed partial relationship with each risk type after ANOVA and Duncan test. Sex had the greatest influence on risk perception level and each age level (20's, 30's, 40's) showed different risk structure.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.367-380
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• 2007

This study investigates the perception of price and the propensity to conspicuous consumption in the purchase of clothing among college students and the relation between the perception of price and the propensity to conspicuous consumption. The data for this study were collected from 1,015 Korean college students. In order to analyze the data, statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, ANOVA, scheffe-test, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach's a were used with the SPSS statistical package program. The major study findings were as follows. 1. The perception of clothing price among college students was classified into five factors: high price-oriented, discount-oriented, high quality-price rate-oriented, low price-oriented, and effectiveness-oriented. 2. The propensity to conspicuous consumption of clothing among college students was classified into four factors: brand name conspicuousness, conspicuous pursuit of vogue, symbol of their social position, and imported goods conspicuousness. 3. High price-oriented and discount-oriented were different significantly according to sex, age, father's educational level, monthly income, monthly allowance amount. High quality-price rate-oriented and low price-oriented were different significantly according to sex, father's educational level, monthly income, monthly allowance amount. Effectiveness-oriented was different significantly according to sex, age. 4. Brand name conspicuousness, conspicuous pursuit of vogue and imported goods conspicuousness were different significantly according to sex, age, father's educational level, monthly income, monthly allowance amount. Symbol of their social position was different significantly according to sex, age, father's educational level, monthly income. 5. High price-oriented, discount-oriented and high quality-price rate-oriented have the highly positive correlation with four factor of propensity to conspicuous consumption of clothing. Low price-oriented has the negative correlation with four factor of propensity to conspicuous consumption of clothing. Effectiveness-oriented has the lowly positive correlation with four factor of propensity to conspicuous consumption of clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.45
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• pp.133-146
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• 1999

Because adolescents are much inflicted with the sense of obsession in endless competition with their feers the costume of the pop singers relieving this agony and anxiety is becoming the object of immitation more than that of any oother entertainer. In this perspective it was thought that it was very necessary to attempt to investigate what relationship sense of mental anxiety the costume singers recently have worn had with adolescents sense of anxiety. The anxiety questionnaire used by Chu Young-sook and Kim Jung-hui and the questionnaire drawn up as the result- of the pilot-test and the pre-test were used and the questionnaires drawn up by a total of 228 middle schoolgirls in seoul were used a sfinal data of annalysis. Of them the anxiety questionnaire was made up of 8 sub-scales such as classic·social·morbid·learning examination·school record·poverty·war and other to anxieties. in order to survey the overall content concerning the costume of the singers preferred by teenagers the other questionnaire presented three vaiables such as musicality fashionability and dance as the distinct characteristics of singers and hiphop style tidy style and sexy style of clothing as the style of clothing preferred of singers' clothing. The importance fashionability and imitability of clothing were investigated as variables in relation to singers' clothing behavior. The SPSS PC+ program was used as the analytic method of data which were tested by the frequency analysis Duncan's multiple anaylsis of variance t-test and so on. As a result of investigation middle schoolgirls having a high level of learning and examinatior anxieties preferred the singers excellent in musicality while middle schoolgirls having a lower level of classic anxiety preferred the singers excellent in fashionability and dance wearing the hiphop style of clothing. And it was shown that middle schoolgirls having a lower level of classic anxiety preferred the singers wearing the clothing of sexy style. In the light of these results it was shown that there was the correlation between anxiety and clothing preference. Accordingly it is thought that the purpose of this study was achieved to some exent.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.31-44
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of environmentally conscious consumer behavior, and to identify the influencing variables and causal relationship. Data were collected from questionnaires with 275 housewives who were residents of Seoul and Kyunggi-do. The major findings were as follows : (1) The level of environmentally conscious behavior differed significantly according to occupation, income, averaged monthly clothing expenses, residence type and residential area. (2) The consumer's clothing behavior related to the environmental consciousness differed significantly according to age, education, matrimonial status, income, average monthly clothing expenses, residence type and residential area. (3) The use of mass media differed significantly in the consumer's environmental consciousness.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.781-792
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• 2002

Microorganisms living in clothing cause damage to fabric as well as unhygienic conditions with unpleasant odor fur wearers. Removal or growth of microorganisms are affected by the conditions during washing and storage. The purpose of this research was to study the consumer's knowledge and habits in laundering with respect to microorganisms in clothing. For survey method, questionnaires were administered to 580 housewives, age of 20∼60s living in Seoul. Employing 479 respondents, the data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The results are as follows: The level of knowledge about microorganisms of clothing was high in general, but wasn't expert level. Many people had experienced damages of textiles, clothing and unpleasant odor due to microorganisms. Fabric softeners and bleaches were rarely used for disinfection but usually used for antistatic, whitening or removal of stains. There was no relationship between laundering habits, the knowledge of microorganism, and experience of clothing damage by microorganism.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 1981

The objectives of the study were to determine 1) if energy consumption and conservation vary in clothing, food, and housing with independent variables-size of household, homemaker's age, employment, and level of education, level of living, type of house, electricity use, and all energy use, and 2) if there is a correlation among energy conservation practices in clothing, food, and housing. Questionnaires wee given to the randomly selected homemakers in Seoul in July, 1980. Data from 620 responses were analyzed by F-test (Analysis of Variance) and Correlation. The results are as follows: 1. Clothing (1) the scores of the conservation practices I clothing were generally high. /However, it was found that a) they did not practice in wearing heavy under clothes and behavior outer clothing to cope with cool room temperature in the winter, b) they did not use bleach for laundry, but they used boiling method, and c) they did not have enough knowledge on Permanent Press finish. (2) energy conservation practices in clothing were significantly related to level of living and homemakrer's level of education. a) The higher the level of living, the higher scores in the knowledge were found. b) the higher the homeakcer's level of education, the higher scores in the knowledge and ironing were obtained. 2. Food (1) The scores of the conservation practices in food were generally high. However, it was found that scientific cooking methods were not performed such as a) to use measuring spoons, cups, and timers, b) to practice a simple method in using solor energy for warming water, c) to use thermos for the hot water tea or coffee, but they boiled water whenever necessary, and b) to use the pressure cooker whenever possible. (2) Energy conservation practices in food were significantly related to homemaker's employment and type of dwellings. a) The scores of full-time homemakers (not gainfully employed) were higher than gainfully employed homemakers. b) Families in traditional Korean dwellings revealed higher scores than those in apartment or western style dwellings. 3. Housing (1) The scores of the conservation practices in housing were generally high. However, it was found that a) they did not install fans in the kitchen, bathroom, and attic in the summer, b) they did not install a humidifier for tolerating a lower room temperature in the winer, c) they did not practice to make plans for the door of the refrigerator remained open for the shortest time, d) they did not install or use a local lighting with a general lighting for reading and cooking, and e) they usedaluminum foil without the knowledge of the heat reaction of its shiny and dull sides. (2) energy conservation practices in housing were significantly related to homemaker's employment and level of education, economic status, types of dwelling, and all energy use, a) Full-time homeakers had higher scores than gainfully employed homeakers. b) the higher the homemaker's level of education and economics status, the higher scores were obtained. c) Homeakers with their own house scored higher points than those with rented houses. And families in apartment or row houses scored higher points than those in traditional korean or western style dwellings. d) The higher the consumption rate of electricity and all energy, the higher scores were revealed. 4. correlation there was a significant correlation among energy conservation practices I clothing, food, and housing.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.73-87
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is 1) to compare the employment status and wage level of "Clothing and Fashion" major (CF major) graduates with those from other majors and 2) to examine factors affecting the employment status and wage level of CF major university graduates. The data were pooled from the 2009-2012 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey Data, conducted by Korea Employment Information Service. First, when graduates of CF major were compared with other majors in the same academic area-natural science and arts-, the rate of employment was higher for CF majors than that of other majors; on the other hand, there is no difference in the wage levels between those with graduates in CF majors and those with other majors. Second, we examined factors affecting CF major graduates' employment and wage level based on graduates' individual factors, university factor, and job preparation factors. Employment status of graduates in CF major was predicted by respondent's gender and university type, and work experience. The wage level of CF major graduates was significantly predicted by individual factors (e.g., gender and age, university factors (e.g., university type, university program, location), and job preparation factors (e.g., certificates, overseas experience of foreign language training, English test scores). The results of this study would provide a guide to direct university educational program in order to assess the current capabilities in the field of clothing and fashion.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of demographics and general clothing buying behavior of college male students in China. A questionnaire was developed to measure clothing purchasing motives, fashion information sources, evaluation criteria of apparel product, stores selection criteria, and general clothing buying behavior. The questionnaire was administered to 300 college male students in Dandong of China. The data was analyzed using percentage, frequency, mean, factor analysis, and ANOVA, duncan test. The results of the study were as fellows: 1. The clothing purchasing motives of consumers were significantly different depending on demographics. 2. The fashion information sources of consumers were significantly different depending on subjects, pocket money, and level of life. 3. The evaluation criteria of apparel product of consumers were significantly different depending on parent's jobs. 4. The stores selection criteria of consumers were significantly different depending on parent's school career, mother's jobs, household income. 5. Apparel buying places of consumers were in order of ; department stores, speciality stores, natural market. The buying frequency of apparel showed the most three times a year. The consumers were influenced by friends for apparel purchasing, and the method of payment mainly cash. 6. About purchase experience of the imported clothing, the 67% consumers answered 'yes', and the country of origin of the imported clothing were in order of ; Japan, Italy, France, Korea. The imported clothing satisfaction level of consumers were significantly different depending on demographics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.795-805
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to clearly understand the Korean consumer's socially responsible consumption attitude and disposition behavior through revealing by use Fishbein's Multi-Attributes Model as a conceptual frame, the relationship between the socially responsible clothing consumption attitude factors and disposition behavior pattern, and relations of demographic variables. Data were collected from the adult females residing in Seoul. Judgment Sampling were. performed twice during March of 1996 and total 549 sets of answers were used for final analysis. The result are following. First, by looking at the relationship between intrinsic side of socially responsible consumption attitude and disposition behavior, the attitude shows more economical disposition when consumers are in considerate about preservation of natural resources and clothing consumption and when consumers favor purchasing a second hand product, On the other hand, consumers' behavior shows more altruistic disposition, when they favor recycling and acquisition of second hand clothing and when not favor fashion. The result of analysis of relationship between the socially responsible clothing consumption attitude and demographic variables shows that income, age and education level relates to some intrinsic side of socially responsible clothing consumption attitude. On the other side, the analysis result shows that consumers with relatively lower education normally practice economical dispotion, while consumers with higher education level do altruistic disposition. Also, elder and married consumers tend to do more altruistic disposition.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.39-56
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• 2018

Since trusting in other consumers may refer to having similar needs and preferences on fashion goods with them, interpersonal trust can be a reliable and practical criterion for market segmentation online. Therefore, this study aims to identify fashion online consumers based on interpersonal trust. This study segments fashion consumers based on interpersonal trust and experience and describes characteristics of each segment by examining demo-psychographic and behavioral variables as well as clothing consumption values. An online survey was conducted to collect data from 426 adult consumers who had bought fashion goods from their patronized e-tailer in the past one month. They completed a self-administered questionnaire inquiring about interpersonal trust, trust in e-tailers, purchase intentions, clothing consumption values, and their purchasing behavior online. Two-step cluster analysis generated four segments: distrustful doers, trusting doers, inactive trusters, and distrusters. They exhibited different characteristics in gender, online experiences, interpersonal trust, clothing consumption values, trust in the e-tailers, and attitude toward the e-tailers. Providing a new effective segmentation base, this study suggests that fashion marketers identify customers with a high level of trust in other customers and develop an encouraging environment that customers can interact with others in order to increase the effectiveness of trust. Because customers with a higher level of interpersonal trust are likely to have stronger trust in e-tailers with, more favorable attitude and purchase intention, and highly perceive the value of clothing consumption than those who have a lower level of interpersonal trust.