• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.271-279
• /
• 1985

The authors treated a case of bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion corrected by anterior segmental osteotomies: As presurgical treatment & process, closing of the upper anterior spacing with fixed appliances was worked out, cephalometric predicition & model surgery was done, and fabrication of intra-arch acrylic resin splints were made. It was not necessary to make an intermaxillary fixation with wire after surgery. Only intramaxillary fixation of anterior retracted mobile segment with resin plate was required for 8 weeks. After surgical treatment, leveling of the upper and lower arch with rectangular arch wire were accomplished as the Intrusion of anterior teeth proceeded. We will continue to improve the class II molar relationship by using class II elastics and have a good occlusiion through the orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.627-637
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This experimental study was conducted to find out whether a water-mist fire suppression system can be applied to C.E.P., a representative combustible material of a rack storage. Method: First, it was confirmed whether the water-mist fire-extinguishing system used in this experiment was capable of extinguishing oil fires. After that, the C.E.P. boxes were loaded in the same small space as used in the oil fire experiment, and then the experiment was conducted on three scenarios; door opening, door closing, and door closing and increasing the internal load. The scenario was set considering the opening and space size conditions, which are important factors for the water-mist fire suppression. Result: Oil fire suppression tests have shown that fires are well extinguished in both the door open and closed conditions. In case of a fire of C.E.P. boxes in the same space condition as an oil fire, the fire was not extinguished in the door open condition. Fires were extinguished in the case with the door closed condition, but the afterglow was confirmed. Conclusion: In the oil fire suppression test, a water-mist fire suppression system extinguished a fire in both the door open and closed conditions. However, for the C.E.P fire, it was possible to extinguish only under the door closed condition, and there was a possibility of re-ignition.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.426-433
• /
• 2024

The environmental stress that plants are most susceptible to is water stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone synthesized by plants to counteract environmental stress. The role of stomata in plants is to allow the synthesis of sucrose by absorbing CO₂, which greatly affects photosynthetic activity. In addition, stomata are pathways for transpiration, which releases H₂O and help establish a water potential gradient that allows plant roots to continuously absorb water and inorganic substances from the soil. Plants have a mechanism to minimize water loss by closing their stomata when exposed to water-stressed environments. The most well-studied hypothesis concerning the mechanism of stomatal closure is the response to water stress. When a plant receives sufficient water, its stomata open during the day and close at night due to its circadian rhythm. In addition, stomatal closure occurs when the concentration of CO₂ in the intercellular space increases. However, the mechanism of stomatal closure due to circadian rhythm and increased CO₂ concentration in the intercellular space is not well understood. When plants undergo water stress, the increased concentration of ABA in the guard cell cytoplasm induces an increase in Ca²⁺ concentration, resulting in cytoplasmic depolarization. As a result, the outward K⁺-channel of the tonoplast and the slow-type anion channels SLAC1 and SLAH3 are activated, releasing K⁺, Cl^-, and malate^2-, causing the stomata to close. Therefore, in this paper, the mechanism of stomatal closure caused by water stress was investigated.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to implement modeling by applying the parametric technique to the atypical trusses of rigid retractable large space structures. The retractable large space structure requires a lot of time and skill in modeling nonlinear shapes or generating, interpreting, and reviewing many models by alternative. To solve these problems, we introduce firstly parametric modeling tool, secondly, we analyze the connection of atypical three-dimensional trusses of a rigid retractable large-space structure, and finally model it as parametric components of the developed trusses. Therefore, it is a future study to make effective modeling of the openable roof by developing the components that can realize the modeling of the truss classified by the opening and closing method, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.1049-1060
• /
• 2009

The expansion of volatility in Korean Stock Market made it more difficult for the individual to invest directly and increased the weight of indirect investment through a fund. The purpose of this study is to construct the EIF(enhanced index fund) model achieves an excessive return among several types of fund. For this purpose, this paper propose portfolio optimization model to manage an index fund by using GA(genetic algorithm), and apply the trading amount and the closing price of standard index to earn an excessive return add to index fund return. The result of the empirical analysis of this study suggested that the proposed model is well represented the trend of KOSPI 200 and the new investment strategies using this can make higher returns than Buy-and-Hold strategy by an index fund, if an appropriate number of stocks included.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.531-535
• /
• 2006

Purpose: To report our experience of retro-angular flap for reconstruction of the midface defect. The midface, including nose, lower eyelid, and intercanthal area, is the very prominent area of face. Also midface is more vulnerable to trauma and skin cancer and defect of mid face of highly perceptible. Reconstruction of mid face is difficult because of complexity of anatomy and functions. Following factors should be considered in reconstructive prcedure of midface. First, multiple procedure may need for complete the reconstruction of mid face defect. Second, secondary reconstructive surgeries such as flap rotation or skin graft may need for donor site morbidity. Third, the color, texture and thickness of the skin used are not always complacency. Methods: 8 cases of the midface defects (3 cases of lower eyelid, 1 case of intercanthal area, and 4 cases of nose) from skin cancer were reconstructed with retroangular flap from March 2004 to August 2005. Results: Satisfactory result were obtained in color, texture and donor site scar. There was no major complication such as wound disruption, hematoma, and atrophy of flap. But partial necrosis of flap and bulkiness were observed one case in each. Retroangular flap is simple procedure that can be preceded in one stage under local anesthesia closing primary wound closure. It will leave less visible donor scar, acceptable color, texture and thickness of the skin. Conclusions: The retro-angular flap could be suggested as a safe and effective method for midface reconstruction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.153-156
• /
• 2011

Objective : This prospective, non-randomized study compared the safety and efficacy of the Angio-$Seal^{TM}$ $Evolution^{TM}$ to that of manual compression for common femoral artery punctures in neurovascular diagnostic angiography. Methods : From June 2009 to September 2009, we performed 169 diagnostic trans-femoral cerebral angiographies, using either the Angio-$Seal^{TM}$ $Evolution^{TM}$ or manual compression to achieve hemostasis. We included 60 patients in this study, 30 in each group. We defined minor complications as those requiring no further treatment such as hematoma size less than 6 cm and bruise size less than 25 cm. Major complications were those requiring surgery of the femoral artery pseudoaneurysm and/or the second line increase of hospital stay even without further treatment. Results : Mean time to hemostasis was $0.42{\pm}0.04$ minutes for the angioseal and $15.83{\pm}1.63$ minutes for manual compression (p<0.001). Overall complication rate did not differ between the 2 groups. After the patients were fully mobile, at 24 hours, the rate of onset of new complication differed significantly between the 2 groups (p=0.032). In the angioseal group, 5 (16.7%) of the 30 patients experienced the onset of a new complication after 24 hours, including 3 (60.0%) of the 5 who experienced major complications. Conclusion : The Angio-$Seal^{TM}$ $Evolution^{TM}$ is effective at decreasing mean time to hemostasis, like other closing devices. However, it may not be effective at producing early ambulation and discharge, compared to manual compression, because delayed complications may occur significantly after 24 hours.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.473-481
• /
• 2004

Objective : In this study old BCAO rats were observed for effects of 'Dea-Hwang' on brain ischema injury, because risk of stroke increases with age. Method : The brain ischema injury was induced by temporarily closing carotids on both sides in a low blood pressuer state and Dea-Hwang was administered orally to 18 month-old BCAO rats. Results and Conclusions : The ischemically damaged Hippocampus and c-fos and c-jun expression were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and results are summarized as follows: 1. The c-fos expression after inducing a brain ischema injury in the hippocampus was more inhibited in the dosed group than in the control group. 2. The normalized optical density of c-fos expression was more reduced in the CA1, CA2, and DG areas of the dosed group than in those of the control group. 3. The c-jun expression after inducing brain ischema injury in the hippocampus was more inhibited in the dosed group than in the control group. 4. The normalized optical density of c-jun expression was more reduced in the CAI area of the dosed group than in that of the control group.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.02b
• /
• pp.639-645
• /
• 2006

During abstinence from alcohol, craving is elicited by the cues and contexts previously associated with alcohol, and contributes to relapse. To prevent the craving and relapse experienced by alcoholics, cue-exposure therapy (CET) has been used to extinguish the association between alcohol and alcohol-related cues and contexts. This study applied CET, using a virtual reality (VR) system, to eight members of an Alcoholics Anonymous group, in eight sessions. Cues and contexts most likely to elicit an urge to drink were selected through a preliminary survey in order to compose VR-CET scenarios: a glass, bottle, food, and a bar were judged to be the most tempting for people in alcohol dependence and abstinence. By these cues and contexts, a Japanese style pub and a western bar were composed. Each session was administered for 30 minutes by a psychiatrist and included an introduction, immersion, VR navigation, interviews about feelings, and self-report questionnaires about cravings. The eight sessions consisted of initial and closing sessions, and six cue- and context-focused sessions. As a result, a reduction in cue-elicited craving after VR-CET was reported. A mean score of 15.75 (SD = 10.91) on the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire in the first session decreased to 11.57 (SD = 6.88) in the final session.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2013

Objective : This study investigates the effect of valproic acid (VPA) on expression of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in a rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Methods : Adult male rats (n=24) were randomly and blindly allocated into three groups. Laminectomy at T9 was performed in all three groups. In group 1 (sham), only laminectomy was performed. In group 2 (SCI-VPA), the animals received a dose of 200 mg/kg of VPA. In group 3 (SCI-saline), animals received 1.0 mL of the saline vehicle solution. A modified aneurysm clip with a closing force of 30 grams was applied extradurally around the spinal cord at T9, and then rapidly released with cord compression persisting for 2 minutes. The rats were sacrificed and the spinal cord were collected one week after SCI. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting sample were obtained from 5 mm rostral region to the lesion and prepared. We analyzed the nestin immunoreactivity from the white matter of ventral cord and the ependyma of central canal. Nestin and SOX2 were used for markers for NSPCs and analyzed by IHC and western blotting, respectively. Results : Nestin and SOX2 were expressed significantly in the SCI groups but not in the sham group. Comparing SCI groups, nestin and SOX2 expression were much stronger in SCI-VPA group than in SCI-saline group. Conclusion : Nestin and SOX2 as markers for NSPCs showed increased expression in SCI-VPA group in comparison with SCI-saline group. This result suggests VPA increases expression of spinal NSPCs in SCI.