• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2017

The Optimization of a Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) Model Using an Adaptive Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (AHGA) Approach is Considered in this Paper. With Forward and Reverse Logistics as an Integrated Logistics Concept, The CLSC Model is Consisted of Various Facilities Such as Part Supplier, Product Manufacturer, Collection Center, Recovery Center, etc. A Mathematical Model and the AHGA Approach are Used for Representing and Implementing the CLSC Model, Respectively. Several Conventional Approaches Including the AHGA Approach are Used for Comparing their Performances in Numerical Experiment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of closed kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback for selective training of the vastus medialis oblique on functional ability and Q-angle in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Methods: Thirty participants who met the criteria were included in this study. Participants were randomly allocated to the control group (Group I, n=10), closed kinetic chain exercise group (Group II, n=10), and closed kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback group (Group III, n=10). Intervention was performed in three groups, three times per week, for a period of six weeks. Kujala patellofemoral score and Q-angle were measured before and after the experiment. Results: Some significant differences in kujala patellofemoral score were observed in group II and group III, compared with group I (p<0.01). There was no significant difference on in Q-angle at knee flexion angle $0^{\circ}$. However, some significant differences in Q-angle at knee flexion $60^{\circ}$ were observed in group III, compared with group I (p<0.01). Conclusion: Closed kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback that provides real-time biometric information on selected muscles in order to increase the efficiency of treatment may be helpful in improvement of functional ability and Q-angle in patellofemoral pain syndrome.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2014

Purpose: Deficits in upper-extremity function in individuals with tetraplegia are primarily due to the loss of motor pathways. The purpose of this case report is to describe the effect of closed kinetic chain exercise using PNF on hand function and ADL of patient with incomplete spinal cord injure. Methods: Patient was a 53-year-old man with C4 tetraplegia and hand and upper extremity impairment who participated in this training intervention for 10 weeks. Results: Patient demonstrated improvements in upper extremity strength, hand function and performance of ADL. Outcome measures(ASIA motor scale, Hand power, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function test, SCIM) were measured before and after the training program. Conclusion: The results of this case suggests that an closed kinetic chain exercise program in incomplete spinal cord injury patient may induce Hand function and ADL.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of closed kinematic chain exercise and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise on the static dynamic balance performance of hemiplegic patients in order to suggest them therapeutic intervention methods. Methods : The subjects of this study were 18 hemiplegic patients grouped into 2 subgroups according to the exercise program. one group of closed kinematic chain exercise carried out sit to stand, Hooklying with pelvic lift(bridging) and stair-up & down by a hemiplegic leg. The other group of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise carried out leg flexion-extension pattern in supine position, leg flexion pattern in standing and stabilizing reversal exercise in stating position. Each exercise was carried out over 3 sets of 10reps. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. For both groups, there were statistically significant changes in the static balance (FICSIT-4) performance after exercise program (p<.05). 2. For both groups, there were statistically significant changes in the dynamic balance (FSST, TUG, FRT) performance after exercise program (p<.05). 3. In the comparison between both groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the static dynamic balance performance (FICSIT-4, FSST, TUGT, ER) after exercise program. Conclusion : As the results of the study shows closed kinematic chain exercise and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise affect the improvement of hemiplegic patients'' static dynamic balance performance, it is supposed that these exercises could be therapeutic exercise program in clinical situations.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.128-136
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week closed kinetic chain typed Reformer and Chair Pilates exercise on static and dynamic lower limb alignment for healthy female adults. Method: Ten healthy young female adults without musculoskeletal injury history in last 6 months (Age: 29.3 ± 3.5 yrs., Height: 165 ± 3.4 cm, Body mass: 58.2 ± 5.4 kg) participated in this study. All participants asked to join the 8-week closed kinetic chain typed Reformer and Chair Pilates exercise, and the program was conducted for 60 minutes twice a week. Participants were asked to be measure a static Q-angle and performed free squat one week before and after the program. A 3-D motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 5 channels of EMG was executed in this study. The effectiveness of the training was evaluated by paired t-test, and the significance level was set at .05. Results: A significantly decreased in internal rotation angles was found at hip joint during free squat after the training. Also, significantly decreased in lateral rotation angles were found at knee and ankle joint during free squat after training. Finally, significantly decreased in muscle activations were found at adductor longus and peroneus longus during free squat after training. Conclusion: From results of our study, it is concluded that an 8-week closed kinetic chain typed Pilates exercise positively effect on lower limb alignment during dynamic movement.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.821-829
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• 2013

Let f be a diffeomorphism of a closed $C^{\infty}$ manifold M, and let ${\Lambda}{\subset}M$ be a closed f-invariant set. We show that if $f{\mid}_{\Lambda}$ is robustly chain transitive with shadowing, then ${\Lambda}$ is the hyperbolic homoclinic class.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.153-154
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• 2008

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of open kinetic chain exercise (OKCE) and closed kinetic chain exercise (CKCE) using knee reposition sensing on balance, strength, and knee joint reposition sense (JPS) in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-nine hemiplegic patients participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups, CKCE, OKCE, and controls, with 9, 10, and 10 participants, respectively. The CKCE group completed CKCE using knee reposition sensing, whereas the OKCE group completed OKCE using knee reposition sensing. The control group completed conventional physical therapy. Results: Significant differences between the CKCE and OKCE groups were apparent for all outcomes except the functional reaching test. The CKCE group displayed significant improvements in knee JPS versus the OKCE and control groups (p<0.01). The OKCE group displayed significant improvements in knee extensor muscle strength versus the CKCE and control groups (p<0.05). The CKCE and OKCE groups displayed significantly improvements in static balance versus the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: CKCE and OKCE improved balance, strength, and knee JPS. Additionally, CKCE might provide a more useful intervention benefit than OKCE for increasing knee JPS, a weight-bearing task. OKCE was sufficient to improve the knee extensor muscle strength.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.165-179
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to improve the stroke patient's gait ability by applying a closed or kinetic chain lower limb exercise Methods : The study subjects were 48 hospitalized hemiplegic patients who agreed to participate in the study. 48 subjects went through the intervention: 24 in the experimental group and 24 in the control group. One set consisted of 10 repeats of the exercise. The subjects performed three sets of the exercise once a day, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. Results : TUG and FGA were significantly improved in the experimental group. The spatio-temporal gait variables in the experimental group all showed significant improvement. In the control group, velocity, cadence, and double limb support showed significant improvement, Trunk sway angle showed significant improvement in all three axes in both groups. Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that a more positive effect in terms of improvement of the stroke patient's gait ability will be seen for closed rather than open kinetic chain lower limb resistance exercise.

• School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.141-160
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate how students apply prior knowledge or experience in solving algebra word problems from the chain of signification-based perspective. Three middle school students were evaluated in this case study. The results showed that the subjects formed similarities in the process of applying knowledge needed for solving a problem. The student A and C used semi-open-end formulas and closed formulas as solutions. They then formed concrete shape for each solution using the chain of signification that was applied for solution by forming procedural similarity. At this time, the chain of signification could be the combination of numbers, words, and pictures (such as diagrams or graphs) or just numbers or words. On the other hand, the student C who recognized closed formulas and her own rule as a solution method could not formulate completely procedural similarity due to many errors arising from number information. Nonetheless, all of the subjects showed something in common in the process of coming up with a algorithm that was semi-open-end formula or closed formula.