• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1988

A few SV4O-transformed human cells such as SV8O are potentially tumorigenic but rejected by athymic hosts. However, one cell line in this group (W118IVA-2) is known to be fully tumorigenic. Two clones were obtained after the injection of W118IVA-2, of which NW1SC1-1 was tumorigenic but NW18C1-2 was not in nude mice. As examined by Southern blot analysis, NW18C1-1 appears to contain more copy number of SV40 sequences than NW18C1-2 does. However, it was unable to demonstrate that this difference elicits the tumorigenicity in NW18C1-1 but not in NW18C1-2. Therefore, the latter clone was tested if it expresses SV40 early genes to produce large T as well as small t antigens using indirect immunofluorescent assay and immunoprecipitation. In addition, mouse NIH3T3 cells were transfected with the cellular DNA of NW1SC1-2 as well as that of NW18C1-1 to examine if the viral genomes in the clones can make the nontransformed cells to acquire malignant growth potential in vivo. The transformed cells expressed large T antigen and became tumorigenic. Thus, the transforming functions of NW1SC1-2 cell appers to be intact. These results clearly suggest that the inability of NW18C1-2 cell to form tumor in nude mice is not because they are inherently nontumorigenic. However, the possibility that the interaction of SV40 with its host differs in these clones can not he ruled out.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2001

A cDNA clone encoding the ribosomal protein S20 has been isolated from the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cDNA library by colony hybridization. The insert contained in the original plasmid pYJ10 was transferred intro shuttle vector pRS316 generate plasmid pYJll. The dDNA insert of plasmid pYJll, contains 484 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 118 amino acids with a calculated mass of 13,544 daltons. The deduced amino acid sequence of S. pombe ribosomal protein S20 is very homologous with fruit fly, rat, and budding yeast counterparts. It is also homologous with Xenopus S22 ribosomal protein. S. pombe ribosomal protein S20 appears to be relatively hydruphobic except the C-terminal region. The 728 bp upstream region of the S20 gene was amplified from chromosomal DNA and transferred into the BamHI/EcoRI site of the promoterles $\beta$-galactosidase gene of the vector YEp357R, which resulted in fusion plasmid pYS20. The synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the fusion plasmid appeared to be the highest in the mid-exponential phase. The S. pombe cells with the fusion plasmid grown at 35$\^{C}$ gave lower $\beta$-galactosidase activity than the cells grown at 30$\^{C}$. Computer analysis showed the consensus sequence CAGTCACA in the upstream regions of various ribosomal protein genes in S. pombe, which would be involved in the coordinated expression of small ribosomal proteins.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.91-94
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• 2002

An efficient molecular breeding technique for coffee plants was developed. In order to produce transgenic coffee plants, we established a model transformation procedure via Agrobacterium method. We isolated a gene encoding a protein possessing 7-methylxanthine methyltransferase (theobromine synthase) activity, and it was designated as Coffea arabica 7-methylxanthine methyl transferase; CaMXMT. Using this clone, we produced transgenic coffee plants, in which the expression of CaMXMT is suppressed by double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) andlor anti-sense methods. The expression pattern of CaMXMT was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR method and we found that, in the transformed cell lines, the level of transcripts were obviously suppressed by RNAi. The endogenous level of caffeine in the transformed cells was dramatically reduced in comparison with non-transformed cells.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2012

We investigated phenotypic differences in Hanwoo cattle cloned from somatic cells of a single adult. Ten genetically identical Hanwoo were generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer from a single adult. Weights at birth, growing pattern, horn and noseprint patterns were characterized to investigate phenotypic differences. The weights of clones at 6 and 12 months were slightly heavier than that of the donor. A horn pattern analysis revealed that seven clones had exactly the same horn pattern as the donor cow, whereas three were different. Although similarities such as general appearance can often be used to identify individual cloned animals, no study has characterized noseprint patterns for this end. A noseprint pattern analysis of all surviving clones showed that all eight animals had distinct noseprints. Four were similar to the donor, and the remaining four had more secondary-like characteristics.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

Quantum Dot (QD) nanoparticles are used in various industrial applications, such as diagnostic, drug delivery, and imaging agents of biomedicine. Although QDs are extensively used in many medical science, several studies have been demonstrated the potential toxicity of nanoparticles. The first objective of this study was to investigate the nanotoxicity of QDs in the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line by focusing on gene expression pattern. In order to evaluate the effect of QDs on gene expression profile in HaCaT cells, we analyzed the differential genes which related to oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms by using human cDNA microarray and PCR array. A human cDNA microarray was clone set, which was sorted for a list of genes correlated with cell mechanisms. We tried to confirm results of cDNA microarray by using PCR array, which is pathway-focused gene expression profiling technology using Real-Time PCR. Although we could not find the exactly same genes in both methods, we have screened the effects of QDs on global gene expression profiles in human skin cells. In addition, our results show that QD treatment somehow regulates cellular pathways of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Therefore, we suggest that this study can enlarge our knowledge of the transcriptional profile and identify new candidate biomarker genes to evaluate the toxicity of nanotoxicology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, antimutagenic and anticancer effects and dyeing properties of the fermented indigo extract. The physiological effects of natural color extracts from colorant plants(gardenia, beet and indigo) were studied. The methanol extract of indigo showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli and Staph. aureus, and also showed a strong antimicrobial effect on Trich. mentagrophytes compared to others. The methanol extract of indigo showed antimutagenic activities against aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. The proliferation of Clone M-3 mouse melanoma cells and A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells was inhibited by the methanol extract of indigo. So we decided to use natural indigo for dyeing the fabrics because of those effects. Dried indigo leaves were fermented at variouss temperature and the fermented indigo was reduced by using alkaline(NaOH, Ca(OH)2) and glucose to dye the fabrics. The values of K/S fermented indigo showed the highest value when it was fermented at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The indigo fermented at 3$0^{\circ}C$ had the greatest number of total bacterial counts and we identified one of the main microorganisms as Aspergillus niger. This microorganism was responsible for the indigo fermentation and accelerated indigo fermentation. So it can be supposed to reduce the fermentation period of indigo by inoculating Aspergillus niger into the indigo leaves at 3$0^{\circ}C$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4545-4548
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to assess tissue expression of CA-125 and HE4 protein in primary benign and malignant epithelial tumours of the ovary and correlate with serum CA-125 levels. A total of 100 formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections of ovarian tumours which included serous adenoma (11), mucinous adenoma (42), serous carcinoma (20), mucinous carcinoma (12) and endometrioid carcinoma (15), histologically diagnosed between $1^{st}$ January 2004 to $31^{st}$ December 2012 at the University Malaya Medical Centre, were stained for HE4 (rabbit polyclonal antibody, Abcam, UK) and CA-125 (mouse monoclonal antibody clone: OC125, Cell Marque Corporation, Rocklin, California, USA). Pre-operative serum CA-125 levels were obtained from the laboratory information system. Immunoscore (I score) for HE4 and CA-125 was given based on the intensity of staining and percentage of positive tumour cells and considered significant when it was >50 (intensity of staining multiplied by percentage of positive tumour cells). Serum CA-125 levels were compared with the I score of HE4 and CA-125 in tissues. We noted that the CA-125 levels in serum and tissues were significantly raised in malignant compared to benign ovarian tumours (p value<0.05). Tissue expression of HE4 protein was also significantly raised in malignant tumours compared to benign tumours (p value<0.05). We conclude that HE4 can be a useful tissue immunomarker in addition to CA-125.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.235-245
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• 1999

HIV-1 Tat, a strong transactivator, is essential for the HIV-1 replication and AIDS progression. The Tat function is markedly inhibited by human p53 anti-oncogene. However, the detail mechanism has not yet been clearly revealed. In our previous report, we have addressed that p53 is unlikely to interact directly with HIV-1 Tat. In the consecutive experiments, Tat-phosphorylation was found to increase in proportional to the amounts of transfected p53. This work was initiated to identify the signaling factor that is involved in the p53-mediated Tat suppression. Several protein kinases were tested for the phosphorylation of Tat, and we found that PKR is likely to be involved in the p53-mediated Tat suppression. PKR was co-immunoprecipitated by anti-Tat antibody in the Tat-expressing Jurkat cell lysates only when the cells were transfected by p53, indicating that PKR-Tat interaction depends on the p53 activity. The interaction seems to result in PKR-mediated Tat-phosphorylation. Tat function was not blocked by p53 when co-transfected trasiently with antisense-PKR. We have generated PKR-knock out Jurkat cell clone. The PKR defective Jurkat cells didn't show the p53-mediated Tat suppression. These data indicate that p53-mediated Tat suppression is strongly associated with PKR. PKR-mediated Tat phosphorylation experiments are now under investigation by kinase assay and co-immunoprecipitation in the presence or absence of p53.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2005

Extramedullary plasmacytoma(EMP) is a rare tumor that originates as a clone of malignant transformed plasma cells. EMPs make up 4% of all plasma cell tumors and 90% of EMP cases occur in the head and neck area. The diagnosis of EMP is based on the morphologic and immunophenotypical finding of a localized collection of monoclonal plasma cells in the absence of plasma cell proliferation elsewhere. Patients with EMP can be treated by surgery or radiotherapy alone or in combination. EMP has good prognosis but long-term follow-up is critical because local recurrence or systemic progression to multiple myeloma may develop more than 30 years after the initial diagnosis of EMP. We report a case of EMP in palatine tonsil of 21-year old man who was treated successfully by radiotherapy alone.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.418-427
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• 2006

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated nonselective cation channels that mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission. Although homologues of the iGluRs have been identified in higher plants, their roles are largely unknown. In this work we isolated a full-length cDNA clone (RsGluR) encoding a putative glutamate receptor from small radish. An RsGluR:mGFP fusion protein was localized to the plasma membrane. In Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing the fulllength cDNA, glutamate treatment triggered greater $Ca^{2+}$ influx in the root cells of transgenic seedlings than in those of the wild type. Transgenic plants exhibited multiple morphological changes such as necrosis at their tips and the margins of developing leaves, dwarf stature with multiple secondary inflorescences, and retarded growth, as previously observed in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing AtGluR3.2 [Kim et al. (2001)]. Microarray analysis showed that jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive genes including defensins and JA-biosynthetic genes were up-regulated. RsGluR overexpression also inhibited growth of a necrotic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea possibly due to up-regulation of the defensins. Based on these results, we suggest that RsGluR is a glutamate-gated $Ca^{2+}$ channel located in the plasma membrane of higher plants and plays a direct or indirect role in defense against pathogen infection by triggering JA biosynthesis.