• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.645-654
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• 2021

This study aimed to visually compare the implementation of digital virtual fabrics for stretch fabrics mainly used in clothing that closely touch the body, using CLO. A digital fabric was used in CLO after measuring the weight, thickness, bending, and tensile force of five adhering clothing fabrics using a CLO fabric kit. The visual similarity of draftability was compared by measuring the area of the bending angle and the shape of the wrinkles of the real and digital fabric. A comparison of the bending angles showed that Fabric A was -0.75° and Fabric D was -2.5°, showing slightly lower drape properties than the real fabric. Meanwhile, Fabric B was 2.75°, Fabric C was 2.13°, and Fabric E was 1.375°, showing slightly higher drape properties in the vertical direction than the real fabric. Comparing the widths of the drape shapes, Fabric A was 0.77%, Fabric B was 1.27%, Fabric C was 0.06%, and Fabric E was 1.48%, which showed a slight difference. Fabric D showed a difference of 3.17% and was implemented where the digital fabric spread a little wider. As a result, the stretch fabric was visually expressed similarly to the real fabric as a whole in CLO. For 3D virtual clothing technology to be used widely in the close clothing industry in the future, more research on real clothing is needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1609-1616
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• 2005

Ninety advanced Catla catla fingerlings (av. wt. 16 g) were randomly distributed in six treatment groups with three replicates each for an experimental period of 60 days to study the effect of dietary lipid source on growth, enzyme activities and immuno-hematological parameters. Six isoprotein (40.0-41.9%) and isocaloric (4,260 kcal $kg^{-1}$) semi-purified diets were prepared with varying levels of soybean oil (SBO) and cod liver oil (CLO) within a total of 8% lipid viz., $D_1$ (Control), $D_2$ (8% SBO), $D_3$ (6% SBO and 2% CLO), $D_4$ (4% SBO and 4% CLO), $D_5$ (2% SBO and 6% CLO) and $D_6$ (8% CLO). Highest SGR was noted in $D_5$ (0.73${\pm}$0.03) group, which was similar with $D_3$ (0.71${\pm}$0.02) and $D_4$ (0.69${\pm}$0.01) groups. Activity of intestinal lipase, hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) of the lipid treatment groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control group. The respiratory burst activity of the phagocytes (Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)) was highest in $D_2$ (1.95${\pm}$0.21) followed by $D_3$ (1.19${\pm}$0.15) group, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other groups. Globulin level was significantly higher in $D_3$ (1.29${\pm}$0.08) than in the other groups expect $D_4$. Hemoglobin content and total erythrocyte count did not show any significant difference. From this study, it is concluded that a diet containing 6% soybean oil and 2% cod liver oil ($D_3$) yields higher growth and immune response in Catla catla fingerlings and would be cost effective.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.49-54
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• 2010

Most energy using in building part is mainly consumed for heating and cooling to meet occupancy's comfort temperature. Generally, heating energy consumption show high value than cooling energy in Korea because of high temperature difference in winter season as compared with summer in apartment building. The efforts to develope mechanical performance have been studied to reduce energy consumption in building energy field until now. However, the energy consumption in building is impacted by not only system performance but also PMV particularly at temperature and Clo value. This means that energy consumption can be changed by occupancy's comfort setting temperature in apartment building. This study investigated the passibility of overheating in apartment building by occupant' slow Clo and its setting temperature from preceding research and then the heating energy consumption by setting temperature was calculated with ESP-r. The effects of heating energy and $CO_2$ reduction are also evaluated quantitatively with Clo value. The results showed that keeping ISO-7730 standards can reduce heating energy up to 21% in compared with option 2; also, wearing underclothes with ISO-7730 standard can considerably reduce heating energy consumption up to 50%. As compared with option 2, the reduction of $CO_2$ emission for option 3 showed 0.63TCO2 of kerosene, 0.49TCO2 of LNG and 1.09TCO2 of electricity. The option 4 can be reduced by 1.48TCO2 of kerosene, 1.16TCO2 of LNG and 2.57TCO2 of electricity respectively.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.476-487
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to suggest torso patterns that fit the three main body shapes of elderly obese women. To reduce time, costs, and also the trial and error needed to make patterns, the CLO program for 3D test wear was employed. Three virtual models for aged obese women were use, with the YUKA system used to produce torso patterns. 3D simulation of test wear and corrections was done to design optimal torso patterns. The results were as follows: First, for the three models of obese women's body shapes as realized by CLO 3D, Type 1 is lower-body obesity shapes, Type 2 is abdominal obesity shapes, and Type 3 is whole-body obesity shapes. Second, to design the study patterns, actual measurement values, back waist length and waist to hip length, were used. The armhole depth (B/4-1.5), front interscye (B/6+2.3), front neck width (B/12-0.5), front neck depth (B/12+0.5), front waist measurement (W/4+ 1.5+D), front hip measurement (H/4+2+0.5), and back hip measurement (H/4+3-0.5) were calculated using formulas. Third, according to the results of test-wearing the study patterns, reduced front neck width and depth improved the neck fit and reduced armhole depth bettered loose or plunging armhole girth and also reduced the sagging of bust c.. Also, tight sidesfrom aprotruded waist and abdomen improved with the increase of surpluses in the back waist and also back and front hip c. The exterior was enhanced by displacement of back and front darts, which distributed surpluses better.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.12B
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• pp.1199-1210
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• 2010

In recent years opportunistic computing has gained popularity in Ad-hoc network research area and it is highly required to research for actual services and related requirements. In this paper we summarized a virtual opportunistic service that is named "Children Care System" and proposed an Ad-hoc communication node (uMobile) that is connected with cellular phone and a sensor node (uClo) which is embedding into clothes. uMobile can support cellular phone communication and Ad-hoc communication and uClo can be embedded into clothes and recognize the user status using multiple sensors. In this paper we implemented the location awareness and user status awareness services using uMobile and uClo. We also tested them in indoor situation and showed the result. We expect that our research can play a significant role to inspire another various opportunistic computing services.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 1983

In this study, the thermal environment of a certain building was investigated by using of concerned equipments and enquete sheets. The measured items were temperature, humidity, air flow and radiant heat, and thermal responses for the occupants were checked also, which are oriented to be used as basic data for environmental design. The results of this study are as followed. 1. The optimal room temperature was $24\~26.5^{\circ}C$ DBT in cooling season. 2. Under the condition from $50\%\;to\;70\%$ of relative humidity, the difference of relative humidity did not impact upon the feeling temperature. 3. In cooling season, the average clothing factor of occupants was 0.34 clo ; 0.49 clo for men and 0.25 clo for women. 4. The average working factor of occupants was $1.1\~1.3\;Met$ in that cooling season.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide the thermal comfort range according to the residential style and clothing level at radiant floor heating space, and compare the annual energy consumption and energy cost for each condition. Lower neutral point temperature has been stood for floor sitting style than chair sitting style, which appears that the thermal sensation was affected by local heat transfer between floor surface and the human body. The result of research indicates that neutral point temperature was in inverse proportion with the clothing level. It is interpreted that the increasing of clothing level results decrement of heat loss from human body, and is available to achieve same thermal comfort at lower room temperature. It was analyzed that the floor sitting style is more economical residential style than the chair sitting style, because the energy consumption of the floor sitting style is saved by 6.0% in average to compare with that of the chair sitting style. It is analyzed that energy consumption has been decreased by 13.5% with the clothing level of 1.2 Clo than with that of 1.0 Clo, and decreased by 18.0% than with that of 0.8 Clo, which explains that the energy saving can be achieved with the variation in life habit to increase the clothing level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.6 s.165
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• pp.966-973
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the combination of women's clothing by season and thermal insulation using a thermal manikin. A total of 34 kinds of clothing ensembles were selected based on previous studies(8 types for spring/fall, 7 types for summer, and 19 types for winter). The results were as follows: The thermal insulation of clothing ensembles($I_{cle-total}$) ranged from $0.34{\sim}0.60clo$ for spring/fall, $0.16{\sim}0.37clo$ for summer, and $0.89{\sim}1.35clo$ for winter. The correlation coefficient between the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles and thermal insulation accumulated by the individual garments composing of the clothing ensembles($I_{cle-summed}$) was 0.982(p<0.001). The correlation coefficient between the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles and total clothing layers for the upper body part was 0.750 (p<0.001), for the total clothing weight was 0.978(p<0.001), and for the covering area was 0.776(p<0.001). In conclusion, $I_{cle-total}$ showed higher relationships to the $I_{cle-summed}$ and total clothing weight than to the total clothing layers or surface area covered by clothing.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.75
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• pp.164-165
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• 1999

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.261-268
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate problems of design, fitness, suitability for movement, and wearing comfort of jumper for Korean military tank drivers through analysis of actual wearing condition by questionnaire and field evaluation and to provide basic data for developing its improved design. The survey was done for 477 military tank drivers and evaluation was performed using thermal manikin to measure insulation. The overall satisfaction for design of jumper for military tank driver was over 3.5(likert scale). The overall satisfaction for fitness of jumper for military tank driver was also over 3.5. The satisfactions for material was between 2.39 and 3.13 and the satisfaction for pilling property was the lowest, followed by static property and shape stability after laundering. The satisfactions for movement suitability were standing(3.81), sitting(3,38), raising hand(forward: 2.90, sideward: 3.01), respectively. In insulation evaluation of jumper for military tank drivers and outwears(jacket, jumper), the insulation of jumper for military tank drivers was lower than outwear(jumper) and same with outwear(jacket). The insulation in dynamic and still condition(without wind) of jumper for military tank driver was 0.37clo and 0.31clo, respectively. Its decreation rate in dynamic condition comparing to still condition was 59% which was lower than jacket(0.73clo) and jumper(1.15clo).