• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2019

Early identification and intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were reported to be important for outcomes or clinical courses. However, there have been a few robust evidences for effectiveness of early intervention until now. This review aims to identify the effectiveness of early intervention by investigating the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of early intervention for autism. There are some RCT studies using behavioral program. Although there are some significant findings, the outcome measurements and small sample size are the limitations. Further studies are needed.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2009

Ring chromosome occurs when both telomeres of a chromosome are lost and the remaining portion of the chromosome circularizes to re-establish chromosome stability. This abnormal structure shows mitotic instability unlike the normal chromosomes, causing problems during mitosis. Here, we report one case of "chromosome 4 ring syndrome" on a 6-month-old male patient with growth retardation. Ring chromosome, monosomy, dicentric chromosome were shown by conventional chromosome analysis using peripheral blood. Peripheral blood was used and incubated for 72 hours for chromosome analysis. 3 probes (LSI WHS SpectrumOrange/CEP 4 SpectrumGreen, 4p subtelomere probe, 4q subtelomere probe) were used to detect the origin and breakpoint of ring chromosome 4 by FISH (fluorescense in situ hybridization) technique.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.756-761
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• 2016

Purpose. Noise occurs at measuring Electoretinogram(ERG) signals as the other bio-signal measurement. It is compared the denoising performance according to the mother function of wavelet transforms. Methods. The ERG signal that generated power supply noise and white noise was used as a sampling signal. The noise of ERG signal was filtered by using haar, db7, bior mother function. The filtering performance of each mother functions was compared using Fourier transform spectrum and SNR(signal to noise ratio). Results. In the haar functioin, the result of the Fourier transform spectrum was that the power supply noise is removed and the white noise performance is not good. The SNR was 27.0404. In the db7 function, the results of Fourier transform spectrum was that the power supply noise is removed and the white noise performance is good. The SNR was 35.1729. In the db7 function, the results of Fourier transform spectrum was that the power supply noise is removed and the white noise performance is the bset. The SNR was 35.4445. Conclusions. The db7, bior function was good results in power supply noise and white noise filtered. The bior function is suitable for filtering noise of the ERG signal.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the discriminant validity and the clinical cut off scores of the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL 1.5-5) in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and non-ASD. Methods: In total, 104 ASD and 441 non-ASD infants were included in the study. T-test, discriminant analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and odds ratio analysis were performed on the data. Results: The discriminant validity was confirmed by mean differences and discriminant analysis on the subscales of Emotionally reactive, Somatic complaints, Withdrawn, Sleep problems, Attention problems, Aggressive behavior, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, and Total problems, along with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-oriented scales between the two groups. ROC analysis showed that the following subscales significantly separated ASD from normal infants: Emotionally reactive, Somatic complaints, Withdrawn, Sleep problems, Attention problems, Aggressive behavior, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, Total problems, and DSM pervasive developmental problems. Moreover, the clinical cut off score criteria adopted in the Korean-CBCL 1.5-5 were shown to be valid for the subscales Withdrawn, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, Total problems, and DSM pervasive developmental problems. Conclusion: The subscales of Withdrawn, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, Total problems, and DSM pervasive developmental problems significantly discriminated infants with ASD.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2022

Purpose: There is inconsistent evidence about the association between fetal nuchal cord and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether fetal nuchal cord is associated with an increased risk of ASD in offspring. Methods: Three main English databases were searched until January 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. Study heterogeneity was determined using the I 2 statistic, while publication bias was assessed using Begg and Egger tests. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and relative ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and were determined by a random-effects model. Results: Five articles (1 cohort, 4 case-control; 3,088 total children) were included in the present meta-analysis. Fetal nuchal cord was not a risk factor for ASD (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.66-1.57). There was homogeneity among studies that reported a risk of ASD (I²=0.0%). Conclusion: Our results showed that fetal nuchal cord is not a risk factor for ASD. Future large cohort studies should confirm this finding.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1191-1196
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• 2013

임상검체에서 분리되는 그람음성 막대균의 제 3세대 cephalosporin에 대한 내성율의 증가는 임상적으로 심각한 문제가 되고 있다. 3세대 cephalosporin 및 monobactam계 항균제에 대한 내성은 주로 Extended-Spectrum ${\beta}$-Lactamase(ESBL)의 생성에 기인한다. 따라서 ESBL 유전자의 정확한 검출은 병원내의 감염경로 파악을 위한 감시 및 역학조사를 위해 필수적이다. 본 연구는 2012년 2월부터 8월까지 대전, 충남, 충북지역의 대학병원으로부터 ESBL 생성 Klebsiella penumoniae 46균주를 분리하여 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)에 따라 ceftazidime (CAZ)과 CAZ/clavulanate (CLA)를 이용한 combination disk test (CDT) 방법에 의해 표현형을 조사하고, 유전형 특이 프라이머를 이용한 multiplex PCR을 수행하여 유전형을 검출하였다. CDT 결과 42균주가 ESBL생성균주로 확인되었다. PCR 결과, 46균주 모두 TEM형이었으며, 37균주는 SHV형, 14균주는 CTX-M형으로 나타났으며 10균주가 TEM, SHV, CTX-M 유전자를 모두 가지고 있었다. Multiplex PCR에 의한 유전형 검출 방법은 임상에서 분리한 ESBL생성 K. penumoniae균주의 감별과 검출에 유용한 방법으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2011

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics of late-onset epilepsy combined with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the relationship between certain types of electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities in ASD and associated neuropsychological problems. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with ASD in early childhood and later developed clinical seizures were reviewed retrospectively. First, the clinical characteristics, language and behavioral regression, and EEG findings of these late-onset epilepsy patients with ASD were investigated. The patients were then classified into 2 groups according to the severity of the EEG abnormalities in the background rhythm and paroxysmal discharges. In the severe group, EEG showed persistent asymmetry, slow and disorganized background rhythms, and continuous sharp and slow waves during slow sleep (CSWS). Results: Between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in mean age (P=0.259), age of epilepsy diagnosis (P=0.237), associated family history (P=0.074), and positive abnormal magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings (P=0.084). The severe EEG group tended to have more neuropsychological problems (P=0.074). The severe group statistically showed more electrographic seizures in EEG (P=0.000). Rett syndrome was correlated with more severe EEG abnormalities (P=0.002). Although formal cognitive function tests were not performed, the parents reported an improvement in neuropsychological function on the follow up checkup according to a parent's questionnaire. Conclusion: Although some ASD patients with late-onset epilepsy showed severe EEG abnormalities, including CSWS, they generally showed an improvement in EEG and clinical symptoms in the longterm follow up. In addition, severe EEG abnormalities tended to be related to the neuropsychological function.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 국내에서 이루어진 자폐스펙트럼장애아동을 대상으로 한 로봇 활용 융합연구동향을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 최근에 장애 아동의 교육적, 치료적 중재에 연구되고 있는 로봇연구 동향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법으로, 자폐를 키워드로 2009년 이후에 발표된 논문을 검색하여 총 17편의 연구 논문을 최종 선정하였고, 활용로봇, 독립변인, 종속변인 유형, 연구방법을 바탕으로 하여 주제별 범주로 묶어 내용 분석하였다. 연구결과, 그 중 자폐아동을 위한 로봇개발은 발전이 빠른 분야 중 하나이며, 자폐스펙트럼장애아동의 중재에 유용한 것으로 나타났다. 연구를 통해 향후 로봇활용의 일반화를 촉진할 수 있는 적용 절차 및 단계 등에 대한 세분화된 접근이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권10호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2021

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new hyperinflammatory variant that evolved during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Although the precise pathophysiology of MIS-C is uncertain, it is thought to be due to immune dysregulation occurring after recovery from acute infection. Purpose: Our study aimed to analyze the clinical spectrum, laboratory parameters, imaging characteristics, treatment strategies, and short-term outcomes of children with a diagnosis of MIS-C. Methods: This retrospective and prospective observational study included children less than 16 years of age who were admitted to the pediatric unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India between August 2020 to January 2021 with a diagnosis of MIS-C according to World Health Organization criteria. Results: Twenty-one children were included in the analysis; all had fever with variable combinations of other symptoms. The mean age was 6.9 years; 71.4% were male. Gastrointestinal (80.9%) and cardiovascular (80.9%) systems were the most commonly affected. The majority of children had elevated inflammatory markers, and 16 (76.2%) had echocardiographic abnormalities mimicking Kawasaki disease. Eleven children (52.4%) required intensive care admission, 3 (14.3%) required supplemental oxygen, and 4 (19%) required inotropes. Nine (42.9%) were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin alone, 6 (28.6%) with steroids alone, and 3 (14.3%) with steroids and immunoglobulin. The median hospital stay was 6 days; there were no fatalities. Overweight/obesity, elevated ferritin, and mucocutaneous involvement were significantly associated with a prolonged hospital stay (≥7 days). Sixteen children (76.2%) were followed up till now and all of them had no clinical concerns. Conclusion: MIS-C is an emerging disease with variable presentation. A high index of suspicion is necessary for its early identification and appropriate management. Further research is essential for developing optimal treatment strategies.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권9호
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• pp.368-372
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• 2020

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impairments in social interaction and verbal and nonverbal communication. Purpose: Determine the association between use of assisted reproduction technology (ART) and the risk of ASD among children. Methods: This case-control study included 300 participants (100 cases, 200 controls). The control group included women with a child aged 2-10 years without ASD, while the cases were women with a child aged 2-10 years with ASD. We used a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Stata ver. 14 at the 0.05 significance level. Results: In the univariate analysis, there was significant association between child sex, delivery mode, history of preterm delivery, history of using ART, and maternal age at child's birth and the risk of ASD. After the adjustment for other variables, this association was significant for male sex (2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-4.31; P=0.001) and history of using ART (4.03; 95% CI, 1.76-9.21; P=0.001). Therefore, after the adjustment for confounder variables, there was no significant association between ART and the risk of ASD among children (4.98; 95% CI, 0.91-27.30; P=0.065). Conclusion: After the adjustment for other variables, risk factors for ASD were male sex and history preterm delivery. Thus, there was no significant association between ART and the risk of ASD among children.