• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2007

Objective and Methods : To study the prevalence and patterns of common dermatoses and compare these to previous reports, we reviewed 128 new outpatients who visited Allergy/Derma-cosmetic Clinic at Kyung Hee Neo Medical Center in Gang-Dong area of Seoul from January to June, 2007. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Among the 128 outpatients, the total number of male patients were 40(31.2%) and female patients were 88(68.8%). 2. In the age distribution, the most frequently visited age groups were 10-19 years old and 20-29 years old(each 21.1%). 3. The most common dermatoses were atopic dermatitis(27.3%), acne(14.1%), allergic contact dermatitis(11.7%), other eczemas(7.8%) and seborrheic dermatitis(7.0%). 4. Among atopic dermatitis patients, the most populated age groups were 0-9 years old and 10-19 years old(each 37.1%), these results are different from past studies revealing that 0-9 years old patients are dominant. 5. Among acne patients, the most frequent age groups were 20-29 years old(50%) and 30-39 years old(27.8%), these results are different from past studies revealing that 20-29 years old and 10-19 years old patients are dominant. 6. Among Allergic contact dermatitis patients, each age group showed no difference of population. And Allergic contact dermatitis patients visited outpatients department at early stage. Conclusion : This study shows that Oriental medicine is popular especially in atopic dermatitis, acne and allergic contact dermatitis. We should investigate long-period and multi-centered study in order to know prevalence tendency of dermatoses in Oriental Medicine. And it is nessessary to research using more efficient evaluation method and treatment for these special diseases.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2016

Purpose: Intentional poisoning is a major public health issue in many parts of the world. This study was conducted to provide details regarding the epidemiology of intentional poisoning in a metropolitan emergency department and to identify the changing patterns and epidemiology of poisoning. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate intentional poisoning of patients who visited the emergency department in a tertiary teaching hospital between 2001 and 2015. All intentional poisoning-related emergency department visits over three five year periods (2001-2005 (P1), 2006-2010 (P2) and 2011-2015 (P3)) were reviewed to investigate trends in intentional poisoning patients. Information regarding patient sex, age, time from episode to admission, psychiatric history, type of intoxicants, alcohol co-ingestion, gastric lavage, charcoal administration, any previous suicide attempts, need for hospitalization and death before discharge was reviewed. Results: A total of 1269 patients were enrolled in this study. The number of patients admitted during each period was P1=515, P2=439 and P3=315. Comparison of the three groups revealed significant differences according to age (p<0.001), psychiatric history (p<0.001), alcohol co-ingestion (p=0.013), gastric lavage (p<0.001), charcoal administration (p<0.001), need for hospitalization (p=0.044), repeated attempt (p<0.001) and type of intoxicants (p<0.001). Conclusion: The average age of intentional poisoning patients has increased. While the use of sedatives and multiple drugs increased, the use of pesticides and the antihistamine decreased.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.606-611
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• 2012

Background Facial fractures are infrequent in children and adolescents and have different clinical features from those in adults. The low incidence in children and adolescents reflects the flexibility and underdevelopment of their facial skeletons, as well as their more protected environments. Only a few reports have reviewed such patients in Korea. The authors performed a retrospective study to analyze the characteristics of facial fractures in the Korean pediatric population. Methods We conducted a retrospective review on a series of 741 patients, aged <18 years, with facial fractures who had been treated at our hospital between 2006 and 2010. The following parameters were evaluated: age, sex, cause, location and type of fractures, associated injuries, treatment and complications. Results A total of 741 consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria. The ratio of boys to girls was 5.7:1. Facial fractures most commonly occurred in patients between 13 and 15 years of age (36.3%). The most common causes of injury was violence. The nasal fracture was the most common type of fracture (69%) and the blowout fracture was the second most common (20%). Associated injuries occurred in 156 patients (21%). Conclusions The incidence of pediatric facial fractures caused by violence is high in Korea. Our results show that as age increases, etiological factors and fracture patterns gradually shift towards those found in adults. This study provides an overview of facial fractures in these age groups that helps illustrate the trends and characteristics of the fractures and may be helpful in further evaluation and management.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

In order to test the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and $\alpha$-tocopherol on full-thickness skin grafts in rats, we peeformed full-thickness skin grafts bilaterally on rats. After surgery, we analyzed the tissue-concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)/reductase(GPr) on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28. The four groups had similar patterns of change in SOD, catalase, GPx and GPr values. SOD increased initially, and was significantly increased at day 7, returning to the preoperative activity level on day 14 (control, HBO, and $\alpha$-tocopherol treated alone) and 28 (HBO plus $\alpha$-tocopherol). Catalase had a similar pattern of change as the SOD enzyme activity, except for the surgical control on day 2. Glutathione peroxidase/reductase activity in the four groups had a similar pat-tern of enzyme activity, with a significant increase from preoperative level on day 4, peaking during days 7 to 10, and returning to preoperative level on day 21(surgical control, HBO, and $\alpha$-tocopherol-treated alone) and 28 (HBO plus $\alpha$-tocopherol treated group). Hence, the clinical use of HBO and $\alpha$-tocopherol mixture can be recommended as an adjunctive treatment for free skin grafts in rats. But, the antioxidant used, its dose, and the timing of its administration, as well as, the exposure time and the pressure of HBO, should be the subject of further research.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 1997

In this study, the feasibility of identification and genotypic differentiation of enteroviruses was investigated by using nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR), single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Two hundred seventy-four clinical samples were assayed by both nested RT-PCR and tube culture method using MRC-5 and MK cells; 58 (86.6%) out of 67 enterovirus culture-positive samples contained enteroviral RNA. In addition, 114 (55.1%) of 207 samples from patients with suspected enteroviral CNS disease with negative viral cultures were positive by the nested RT-PCR. The nested RT-PCR products were genotyped by the SSCP method and the results were compared with serotypes. We could differentiate 6 subtypes, 3 of which are similar to coxsackievirus B3, B5, echovirus 11, plus 3 other subtypes. RFLP cleaved with Sty I, Bgl I, and Xmn I yielded characteristic patterns for each laboratory strains. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the RT-PCR for the rapid diagnosis of enterovirus infection and the potentials of the SSCP method for differentiation of enterovirus strains.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.951-960
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• 1999

We performed this study to evaluate the potential clinical marker of urinary trypsinogen-2 together with amylase, lipase and urinary amylase creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in dogs. In the experiment on daily changing patterns of amylase, lipase and ACCR measurements in experimentally induced pancreatitis dogs, compared to values measured in pre-induction state, significant difference was seen in amylase until 5th day of induction, and for lipase significant difference was found during the 7th day of observation period (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in ACCR for the study period (p > 0.05). On SDS-PAGE analysis of urine from experimentally induced pancreatitis dog, The 26kd band was markedly increased compared with that of normal state and that band was confirmed trypsinogen-2 using substrate interaction and isoelectric focusing assay after being eluted. When assessing the appearance of 26kd band on urine SDS-PAGE 87.1% (range: 50~100%) of experimentally induced pancreatitis dogs showed positive results, whereas no corresponding band was seen in dog without pancreatic disorders. With this result, determination of urinary trypsinogen-2 assay was found to have a high diagnostic value with a 70% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity as a routine test for pancreatitis, although the detection of trypsinogen-2 in urine can be varied on the progression stage of pancreatitis at the initial visit to animal clinic. We therefore suggest that the promising results in this study be used for the development of dipstick test for detecting acute pancreatitis in the future research.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2000

Members of the genus Acinetobacter are recognized as newer pathogens of the nosocomial infection with an increasing frequency in recent years. Strains that belonged to A. calcoaceticus A. baumannii complex (genomic species 1, 2, 3, and 13TU) were major groups associated with nosocomial infection. Phenotypic identification was unreliable and laborious method to classify Acinetobacter strains into 19 genomic species. Rapid and reliable identification of clinical isolates is essential to diagnosis and epidemiology of Acinetobacter. We investigated the suitability of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) to identify genomic species of 131 Acinetobacter isolates. The 16S rRNA genes (ribosomal DNA) were enzymatically amplified and the amplified PCR products were restricted independently with the enzymes, AluI, CfoI, and MboI. Genomic species of Acinetobacter was classified by the combinations of restriction patterns. The analysis was showed that restriction profiles were characteristic for each genomic species. One hundred fourteen isolates were identified as A. baumannii, twelve were identified as genomic species 13TU, and one was identified as genomic species 3. Four isolates were found to be unknown organisms. All of the isolates which were identified to A. baumannii by phenotypic tests were completely discriminated into A. baumannii and genomic species 13TU by ARDRA. This study demonstrates that ARDRA is a rapid and simple techniques for the identification of Acinetobacter species according to the genomic species.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2000

In this study, the distribution of the mec regulator genes and the presence of the mutation in mecI gene and mec promoter region among 50 MRSA clinical isolates derived from a single university hospital in Korea were analyzed. Among 50 MRSA strains, 13 strains had a deletion of mecI gene, and 37 strains were found to have mutations in mecI gene or mecA promoter region corresponding to a presumptive operator of mecA, i.e., the binding site of the repressor protein. Furthermore, in order to track the evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) distributed in Korea, we determined the MRSA clonotype by combined use of genetic organization patterns of mec regulator genes, ribotype, and coagulase type. As the result, 48 of 50 MRSA strains could be classified into four distinct clones. Clonotype I is characterized by the coagulase type 3, deletion of mecI gene, and ribotype 1 shared by NCTC10442, the first reported MRSA isolate in England (9 strains). Clonotype II is characterized by the coagulase type 4, C to T substitution at position 202 of mecI gene, and ribotypes 2, 3 and 4 shared by 85/3619 strain isolated in Austria (10 strains). Clonotype III is characterized by the coagulase type 2, mutations of mecA promoter region and/or mecI, and ribotypes 4, 5, and 6 shared by N315 strain isolated in Japan (25 strains). Clonotype IV is characterized by the coagulase type 4, deletion of mecI gene, and ribotype 7 (4 strains). The clonality of two strains could not be determined due to their undefined ribotype.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2012

Purpose: Basal cell adenoma of the salivary gland is an uncommon type of monomorphic adenoma. The most frequent location is parotid gland. It usually appears as a firm, mobile and slow-growing mass. Originally the term "basal cell adenoma" is described as a benign salivary gland tumor comprised of uniform appearing basaloid cells which are arranged in solid, trabecular, tubular, and membranous patterns. But the myxoid and chondroid mesenchymal like component as seen in pleomorphic adenoma is lacking in basal cell adenoma. We report a case of basal cell adenoma of parotid gland with review of the literatures. Methods: The 59-year-old female patient was referred to our department with a painless palpable mass in the left preauricular region for about 1 year. Movable and nontender subcutaneous mass was palpable. There was no evidence of cervical metastasis in computed tomography and ultrasonography. On fine needle aspiration cytology, pleomorphic adenoma was suspected. Under general anesthesia, superficial parotidectomy including tumor was performed. The biopsy result was basal cell adenoma. Results: Long-term follow-up for 54 months showed favorable result without evidence of recurrence except for temporary facial nerve weakness right after the surgery. Conclusion: Basal cell adenoma is the third most frequent benign tumor of the salivary gland, following pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor, although the incidence is low. The typical clinical feature of the basal cell adenoma is slowly growing, asymptomatic, and freely movable parotid mass. Basal cell adenoma should be also considered as a differential diagnosis of the parotid gland benign tumor.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.199-217
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• 2000

This descriptive longitudinal study was done to identify the ethical value of nursing students and to compare the differences of results with one year interval. The data were collected twice in 1999 and in 2000, from the 82 first year and 64 second year nursing students who have been attending at C college in Chonnam province. The analysis of data was done by frequency, mean, paired t-test, t-test, and ANOVA. The results of data were summarized as follows: 1. The total ethical value score of the first year students was 3.48 (maximum : 5) and, one year later, the score was lowered to 3.26. Especially, the degree of their ethical value was significantly decreased in the sub-areas of human-life and nurse-nursing task. 2. The total ethical value score of the second year students was 3.24 and, one year later, the score was increased to 3.39. The degree of their ethical value was significantly increased in the subarea of nurse- client relationship. 3. In the subarea of human-life, the mean score of ethical value was 3.25 and, one year later, the score was 2.95. The degree of ethical value was significantly lowered among the first year students with an utilitarian position. 4. In the subarea of nurse-client relationship, the mean score of ethical value was 3.39 and, one year later, the score was 3.67. The degree of ethical value was significantly increased among the second year students with a deontological position. 5. In the subarea of nurse-nursing task relationship, the mean score of ethical value was 3.38 and, one year later, the mean score was 3.08. The degree of ethical value was significantly decreased among the first year students. 6. In the subarea of nurse-collaboration relationship, the mean score of ethical value was 3.96 and, one year later, the mean score was 4.08 in second year students. There was no statistically significant difference. 7. The ethical values of nursing students were significantly different depending on their religion, length of study, attitude toward nursing and the experience of dying during their clinical practice.