• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2003

From February to September in 1996, a lot of blind cattle were reported in Dangjin Area of Chungnam Province. Blindness were observed in the 143 calves of the 1,496 calves from 79 farms. Blind cattle were found only in the farms where green pasture was not fed. After administration of vitamin A as the type of feed additives and parenteral injection, the blindness cases were not occurred in those farms. Both pupils were totally dilated with the absence of pupillary light reflex in all blind cattle. In the ophthalmoscopic examination, the fundus revealed multi focal linear white mottling which was more severe in nontapetal fundus than tapetal fundus. Serum vitamin A concentration was as low as 4.1 ,$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl in the calves of the affected farms. Narrowing of optic foramen, retinal degeneration and optic disc atrophy were shown in pathological findings.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 1988

CT examination has been used in the preoperative examination of patients with head and neck cancer. The accuracy of CT in detecting nodal metastases has not been well established. We studied 35 patients (41 neck specimens) with head and neck cancer who underwent neck dissection. Surgical pathologic findings were compared with preoperative CT scan to establish the diagnostic accuracy for cervical lymph node metastases. The results of physical examination, CT scans of neck and histologic examinations were compared each other. The overall diagnostic accuracy of CT was 83.3%. Comparison with clinical accuracy shows the CT scan to be superior to the clinical examination in spite of careful physical examination, particularly in detecting occult metastases.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop a system dynamics model for management of glucose metabolism disorders that demonstrated dynamic relationships between insulin and plasma glucose levels over the time. The model was developed to 1) represent the physiology of glucose metabolism for an normal adult subject, 2) to draw causal loop diagram that demonstrate feedback systems of glucose regulation in normal condition and pathologic condition of the type 2 diabetes, 3) to develop an interactive computer simulation model for management of glucose metabolism disorders. The simulation results showed the plasma glucose level for normal persons varied from 75 to 140 which was consistent with clinical findings. As an example for patients we selected a case which varied from 110 to 310. Two types of interventions were chosen to review the model; meal control and insulin administration. The simulation results for those cases also matched well with clinical findings. The developed model can be used as an effective educational tool for patients to develop healthy lifestyle choices. The results also provide a blueprint for health providers to maintain normal blood glucose levels in diabetes patients.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.703-713
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• 1992

Researches in pathologic entities and syndromes that describe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or TMJ-related pain and dysfunction, have been hampered by confusion and conflict over the pathogenesis of myofascial and joint pain, the character and causes of joint noises, and the lack of scientific methods. Investigators have more recently correlated clinical diagnosis and arthrographic and surgical findings to demonstrate 'internal derangements' of the TMJ. It is thought that the structural and functional changes characteristic of internal derangements constitute the principal pathologic entity of the TMJ. Cephalometric data from a group of 34 subjects with documented functional changes in the TMJ were compared with those of a group of 35 subjects from a control sample. The results were as follows: 1. Comparison of a group which shows Class I relationship, there was a tendency to show clock-wise rotation of mandible and linguoversion of upper and lower anterior teeth in the experimental sample. 2. Excluding the vertical relationship, there was a tendency to show low values of the lingual surface slope of the upper central incisor and high values of the interincisor angle in the experimental sample.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.301-308
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• 1993

Three or 7day old piglets were infected experimentally with different encephalomyocarditis virus isolates to detect the viral antigen by the immunoperoxidase technique and to observe strain difference in their pathogenecity in newborn pigs by comparing clinical signs and pathologic lesions. Clinical signs of the infected pigs were different depending on the virus strain, pig age and infection route. Encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV) NVSL-PR isolate was more pathogenic than MN-25 and MN-30 isolate. Three day old piglets showed more severe illness than 7 day old piglets. Predominant clinical signs were sudden death without noticeable clinical signs and dyspnea manifested as heavy abdominal breathing. Contact-infection from infected piglets to controls was observed in the oro-nasally infected group but not the intramuscular group. Common necropsy findings of dead piglets in both age groups infected with MN-25 and NVSL-PR were accumulation of excessive fluid in the body cavities and mild to diffuse necrotic areas observed in the hearts and occasionally in the livers. Microscopically, myocarditis with inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis of the myocardial muscle fibers and occasional mineralization were observed along with interstitial pneumonia and centrolobular necrosis in the liver. Using an immunoperoxidase technique, viral antigen was detected in myocardial muscle fibers of piglets infected with EMCV.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2010

Clostridium difficile 연관 설사증은 항생제 관련 병원 감염 설사에 매우 중요하며, 최근 병원 내 C. difficile 감염 발생률은 계속 증가해왔다. 본 연구에서는 2005년 1월부터 2008년 12월까지 대변 총 1,329 검체를 검사 하여, C. difficile 발생률과 감염 특성을 분석하였다. 전체 1,329 검체 중 독소 A/B검사(EIA)양성 반응을 나타낸 검체는 총283건이었다. 4년간 평균 양성률은 21.2%였으며, 연령 분포에서는 70세 이상에서 가장 높았다. 내시경 소견에서 PMC 57.7%, 정상 소견 19.5%였으며, 조직학적 소견에서는 PMC26.8%, AAC 52.2% 였다. C. difficile 은 PMC 와 관련이 있으나, 내시경 검사 및 조직 검사 소견에서는 정상에서 PMC 까지 다양하게 나타났다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.410-427
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• 2023

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have provided novel tools for rapid and precise pathologic diagnosis. The introduction of digital pathology has enabled the acquisition of scanned slide images that are essential for the application of AI. The application of AI for improved pathologic diagnosis includes the error-free detection of potentially negligible lesions, such as a minute focus of metastatic tumor cells in lymph nodes, the accurate diagnosis of potentially controversial histologic findings, such as very well-differentiated carcinomas mimicking normal epithelial tissues, and the pathological subtyping of the cancers. Additionally, the utilization of AI algorithms enables the precise decision of the score of immunohistochemical markers for targeted therapies, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and programmed death-ligand 1. Studies have revealed that AI assistance can reduce the discordance of interpretation between pathologists and more accurately predict clinical outcomes. Several approaches have been employed to develop novel biomarkers from histologic images using AI. Moreover, AI-assisted analysis of the cancer microenvironment showed that the distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was related to the response to the immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, emphasizing its value as a biomarker. As numerous studies have demonstrated the significance of AI-assisted interpretation and biomarker development, the AI-based approach will advance diagnostic pathology.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

Purpose: To clarify the clinical features of appendicitis in preschool children and to explore clinical appendicitis scoring systems in this age group. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on 142 children, aged 10 years or younger, with confirmed diagnosis of appendicitis based on surgical and pathologic findings. Enrolled subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1 (preschool children aged ${\leq}5$ years, n=41) and Group 2 (school children aged >5 to ${\leq}10$ years, n=101). Data analyzed included clinical presentation, laboratory findings, the pediatric appendicitis score (PAS), and the modified Alvarado score (MAS). Results: The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain in both groups (92.7% vs. 97.0%). Other presenting symptoms were as follows: fever (65.9%), vomiting (68.3%), right lower quadrant (RLQ) localization (24.4%), anorexia (14.6%), and diarrhea (7.3%) in Group 1, and RLQ localization (74.3%), vomiting (71.3%), anorexia (52.5%), fever (47.5%), and diarrhea (11.9%) in Group 2. Perforation and abscess occurred more frequently in Group 1 than in Group 2 (43.9% vs. 12.9%, p<0.001; 34.1% vs. 5.0%, p<0.001; respectively). PAS and MAS were lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 ($4.09{\pm}1.97$ vs. $6.91{\pm}1.61$, p=0.048; $4.65{\pm}1.79$ vs. $6.51{\pm}1.39$, p=0.012; respectively). Conclusion: In preschool children, appendicitis often presents with atypical features, more rapid progression, and higher incidence of complications. This age group is more likely to have lower PAS and MAS than those of school children.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 1999

목적 : 소아 IgA 신병증을 Haas에 의한 조직 병리학적 분류로 분류하고 이들의 임상 소견과 수년간의 추적 관찰을 통하여 임상 경과, 신기능저하의 빈도 및 위험인자를 알아보고자 본 조사를 시행하였다. 방법 : 대상 환아는 과거 11년간 경북대학교병원 소아과에 입원하여 신생검 소견상 IgA 신병증으로 진단된 60례로 하였으며 이들을 Haas의 subclass로 분류하고 임상 소견과 각종 검사실 성적을 비교 관찰하였고 또한 3-4년간의 추적 관찰을 통하여 각 subclass의 임상 경과, 신기능저하의 빈도 등을 알아보았다. 결과 : Haas의 조직학적 분류에 의한 subclass는 I 10례, III 36례, IV 12례, V 2례였으며 subclass II는 한 례도 없었다. 성별 분포는 남아 45례 여아 15례로 남아에 호발하였으며 (남 : 여 = 3 : 1) 평균 발병 연령은 $10.4{\pm}2.8$세로서 subclass에 따른 차이는 없었다. 육안적 혈뇨가 71.7%를 차지하였으며 진단 당시 고혈압이 2례, 질소혈증이 3례에서 관찰되었다. 혈청 단백과 알부민치는 subclass IV 및 V에서 각각 $6.3{\pm}1.1,\;3.3{\pm}0.9$ 및 $4.5{\pm}1.1,\;2.1{\pm}0.3g/dL$로서 subclass가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며 24시간 뇨단백 배설양 ($mg/m^2/day$)은 subclass가 증가함에 따라 배설양도 증가하여 subclass IV는 $1338{\pm}1031$, subclass V는 $4500{\pm}1500$의 심한 단백뇨를 보여주었다. 혈청 IgA치는 28.3%에서 증가되어 있었으며 subclass의 정도 및 환아의 임상 경과와는 무관하였다. 추적 관찰 기간중 첫 1-2년에 14%, 3-4년에는 37.1%에서 정상 뇨소견(혈뇨의 소실)이 관찰되었으며 subclass에 따른 차이는 없었다. 점진적인 신기능 저하를 보인 경우는 3례로서 이들은 Haas의 subclass III, IV 및 V가 각각 1례씩이였다. 결론 : 소아에서의 IgA신병증의 예후는 지금까지 알려져 온 것보다 만성 신부전으로의 진행이 높은 것으로 생각되며 Haas의 조직학적 분류가 예후 판정에 도움이 된다고 생각한다. 그러나 본 연구는 대상 환아 및 추적 관찰 기간이 짧았기 때문에, 앞으로는 다 기관 공동 연구에 의하여 더 많은 예 수와 10년 이상의 장기 추적관찰에 의한 광범위한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.585-591
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• 2021

Objective : Filum transection is one of the most commonly performed operative procedure in pediatric neurosurgery. However, the clinical and pathological features as well as the surgical indication are not well-established. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of patients who underwent transection of the filum during the last 10 years in a single institute. Methods : A total of 82 patients underwent transection of the filum during the period. As a general rule, we performed the transection in patients who are symptomatic or have abnormality in the urologic or neuromuscular evaluations. There were exceptions as asymptomatic patients who only fit the definition of thickened filum (width greater than 2.0 mm or conus level below L3 vertebral body) were operated by parent's wish or surgeon's preference according to radiological findings, etc. Results : Seventy-six out of 82 patients had fibrous tissue in the pathologic specimen of filum. Interestingly, patients who had glial cells were more correlated with no preoperative syrinx, and no progression of syrinx even for those who did have syrinx initially. Also, larger percentage of symptomatic patients had peripheral nerve twigs than asymptomatic patients. No difference in conus level or thickness of filum was found between patients with or without preoperative syrinx. Significantly more patients with syrinx (56%) were chosen to be operated without any symptom or abnormality in study i.e., solely based on radiological findings than those without syrinx (21%). The surgical outcome for syrinx was favorable, as all but one patient had either improved or static syrinx. The exceptional case had increase in size due to the upward displacement of the proximal end of the cut filum. Conclusion : This study evaluated the pathological, clinical, radiological features of patients who underwent transection of the filum. Interesting correlations between pathological findings and clinical features were found. Excellent outcome regarding preoperative syrinx was also shown.