• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.598-605
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• 2017

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being evaluated as a cell-based therapy for tissue injury and degenerative diseases. Recently, several methods have been suggested to further enhance the therapeutic functions of MSCs, including genetic modifications with tissue- and/or diseasespecific genes. The objective of this study was to examine the efficiency and stability of transduction using an adenoviral vector in human MSCs. Additionally, we aimed to assess the effects of transduction on the proliferation and multipotency of MSCs. The results indicate that MSCs can be transduced by adenoviruses in vitro, but high viral titers are necessary to achieve high efficiency. In addition, transduction at a higher multiplicity of infection (MOI) was associated with attenuated proliferation and senescence-like morphology. Furthermore, transduced MSCs showed a diminished capacity for adipogenic differentiation while retaining their potential to differentiate into osteocytes and chondrocytes. This work could contribute significantly to clinical trials of MSCs modified with therapeutic genes.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 2023

The first extensor compartment of the wrist is a distinctly variable anatomical area. Anatomical variations in this region contribute to the pathophysiology and treatment failure of de Quervain's disease, which is a kind of tenosynovitis that develops in the first extensor compartment of the wrist. We aim to describe the first extensor compartment morphology, to evaluate the septum frequency, location of the septum, and the number of tendons of abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis muscles (EPB). First extensor compartment of 87 wrists of 45 cadavers were dissected. The presence or absence of septum and number of tendon slips of APL and EPB revealed. The proximal and distal widths of the compartments were measured. Septums were detected in 60.9% (n=53) of the wrists. Incomplete (distal) and complete (proximal) septa were present in 35.6% (n=31) and 25.3% (n=22) of the cases. Only 26.4% of the wrists had a single slip of APL tendon. The Remaining had multiple slips. The median inner width of the proximal and distal compartments in all wrists were calculated as in the order of 9.11±1.14 mm and 8.55±1.12 mm. We believe that understanding the anatomy of the first extensor compartment in the Turkish population would be helpful to surgeons, radiologists, and physiotherapists to diagnose and manage de Quervain's disease.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.137-140
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• 2023

Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle originates from the lateral surface of tibia and its tendon attaches to the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal. The TA muscle is responsible for both dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot. We present a case of bilateral TA muscle variations that diverge slightly from the current classification systems of this muscle. Recognizing variations such as these may be important for anatomists, surgeons, podiatrists, and physicians. Following routine dissection, an accessory tendon of the TA muscle was found on both sides. Accessory tendons of the extensor hallucis longus and extensor hallucis brevis joined to form a common tendon on both sides. We believe that this unique case will help further the classification systems for the tendons of the TA and also be informative for clinical anatomists as well as physicians treating patients with pathology in this region.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.742-750
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• 2021

Objective: To assess the safety and clinical efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic enteral stent placement for recurrent malignant obstruction in patients with surgically altered bowel anatomy. Materials and Methods: Between July 2009 and May 2019, 36 patients (27 men and 9 women; mean age, 62.7 ± 12.0 years) underwent percutaneous transhepatic stent placement for recurrent malignant bowel obstruction after surgery. In all patients, conventional endoscopic peroral stent placement failed due to altered bowel anatomy. The stent was placed with a transhepatic approach for an afferent loop obstruction (n = 27) with a combined transhepatic and peroral approach for simultaneous stent placement in afferent and efferent loop obstruction (n = 9). Technical and clinical success, complications, stent patency, and patient survival were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The stent placement was technically successful in all patients. Clinical success was achieved in 30 patients (83.3%). Three patients required re-intervention (balloon dilatation [n = 1] and additional stent placement [n = 2] for insufficient stent expansion). Major complications included transhepatic access-related perihepatic biloma (n = 2), hepatic artery bleeding (n = 2), bowel perforation (n = 1), and sepsis (n = 1). The 3- and 12-months stent patency and patient survival rates were 91.2%, 66.5% and 78.9%, 47.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Percutaneous enteral stent placement using transhepatic access for recurrent malignant obstruction in patients with surgically altered bowel anatomy is safe and clinically efficacious. Transhepatic access is a good alternative route for afferent loop obstruction and can be combined with a peroral approach for simultaneous afferent and efferent loop obstruction.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.131-147
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• 1993

To evaluate the contribution of head/neck posture to signs/symptoms of craniomandibular disorder(CMD), the author clinically, cephalo-metrically, analyzed craniomandibular index (CMI), clinical dysfunction index(CDI), occlusal index(OI) and head posture, cervical spine, cervicovertebral anatomy, craniofacial variables from 30 CMD patients and control. And the author analyzed difference between patients and control, and the correlation between CMI, CDI and head posture, cervical spine, cervicovertebral anatomy, craniofacial variables in CMD patients and control. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was very high significant correlation between CMI and CDI(r=0.8969, p<0.01). 2. There was significant difference between patients and control in head/neck posture, head/neck anatomy(p<0.05). 3. There was significant correlation between CMI, CDI and head posture, cervical spine, cervicovertebral anatomy, craniofacial variables(p<0.05). 4. There was more significant correlation between DI and head/neck posture, head/neck anatomy than between PI and head/neck posture, head/neck anatomy in CMD patients(p<0.05)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2017

The anatomy of the voice is not limited to the region of the larynx. Practically all body systems affect the voice. The larynx receives the greatest attention because it is the most sensitive and expressive component of the vocal mechanism, but anatomic interactions throughout the singer's body must be considered in making the singing voice. The physiology of voice production is exceedingly complex. The voice requires interactions among the power source, the oscillator, and the resonator. The review of functional anatomy and physiology in vocal technique would provide information on the terminology, components, and workings of the voice to permit an understanding of practical, every clinical problems and their solutions. The otolaryngologist, speech language pathologist, singing or acting teacher, singer, and actor would have benefit greatly from more extensive study of voice science.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.150-154
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• 2023

During the deep dissection of the front of the forearm, an anomalous accessory muscle in relation to the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscle was observed in the right forearm. The accessory muscle consisted of a spindle-shaped muscle belly with a long tendon underneath the flexor pollicis longus muscle. When followed distally, the accessory muscle tendon was found lateral to the FDP tendon for the index finger and entered the palm deep to the flexor retinaculum. In the palm, we encountered the first lumbrical muscle as a bipennate muscle taking origin from the adjacent sides of the middle of the tendons of FDP and accessory muscle tendon. After giving origin to first lumbrical muscle, the accessory muscle got merged with the tendon of FDP for index finger. Understanding this kind of variation is required for radiologists and hand surgeons for diagnostic purposes and while performing corrective surgical procedures.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.304-307
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• 2023

The nervus conarii provides sympathetic nerve innervation to the pineal gland, which is thought to be the primary type of stimulus to this gland. This underreported nerve has been mostly studied in animals. One function of the nervus conarii may be to activate pinealocytes to produce melatonin. Others have also found substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from the nervus conarii ending in the pineal gland. The following paper reviews the extant medical literature on the nervus conarii including its anatomy and potential function.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.158-165
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• 2002

Background: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) can cause contact allergy and occupational asthma, but the mechanism underlying sensitization to this chemical compound remains controversal. Also the correlation of mast cell with contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and the role of mast cell in the TDI-induced CHS is unknown. This issue was investigated by administrating TDI on the skin of genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1/$J-Kit^{W}/Kit^{W-v}$ ($W/W^{V}$) and congenic normal WBB6F1/J-Kit+/+ (+/+) mice. Methods: To development of animal model of TDI-induced CHS and to investigate the correlation of mast cell with CHS and the role of mast cell in the TDI-induced CHS, $W/W^V$ and +/+ mice were sensitized with TDI on the back skin at day 1 and day 8, and then challenged with 1% TDI on the ear at day 15. At 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after 1% TDI challenge, the ear thicknesses were measured. It was investigated the histologic changes of dermis in the ear of $W/W^V$ and +/+ mice at 24 hours after 1% TDI challenge. Results: TDI induced a significant ear swelling response in $W/W^V$ and +/+ mice. TDI induced the significant infiltrations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils in $W/W^V$ and +/+ mice, but not of mast cells in normal mice. And TDI increased a characteristic extent of mast cell degranulation in normal mice. There were no significant differences in the ear swelling and the infiltrations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils of normal versus $W/W^V$ mice, either at baseline or after TDI-induced CHS. Conclusion: From the above results, TDI can be used as a murine CHS model, and the mast cells may not be essential in TDI-induced CHS.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.489-494
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• 2017

Human anatomy courses are one of the most fundamental subjects taught to students in any health-related science field. To improve the quality and to enlarge the scope of human anatomy courses, 130 students (Biomedical Laboratory Science, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy) were given a questionnaire survey. The students were asked question regarding their anatomy course and cadaver dissection class. Specific questions regarding knowledge acquisition before and after the course was queried, in addition to their views on the necessity of cadaver dissection. The survey results indicated that students of all three departments were satisfied with the anatomy course, with no statistical difference in the students' sex or department affiliation. Although there was no difference between the three majors with respect to understanding the course materials, Biomedical Laboratory Science students showed higher satisfaction in this course (p<0.05). Most students, regardless of sex and high school education, stated that cadaver dissection is an important part of the anatomy course. In conclusion, anatomy courses should implement cadaver dissection and actual practice rather than textbook-related studies alone.