• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2016

Objectives : While neck pain is highly prevalent in Korea, studies examining its Korean medical treatment are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to assess current Korean medical treatment practice patterns for neck pain. Methods : A preliminary questionnaire was developed to investigate current practice patterns of neck pain and cervical intervertebral disc displacement (IDD) treatment, and underwent further revision through external review. The final questionnaire was distributed as a web-based survey to 18,289 potential respondents by email. Results : The response rate was 3.34 %. Most participants replied that they received multiple Korean medicine interventions for neck pain treatment consisting of such methods as acupuncture, wet cupping, interferential current therapy and electroacupuncture. A total of 378 respondents acknowledged that diagnostic testing was needed for neck pain treatment. The most commonly used Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD) principal diagnosis code for neck pain was M542, and for cervical IDD was M501. Conclusion : This survey study helps determine current practice patterns of neck pain, and recognizes the need for use of diagnostic devices in neck pain treatment. These results are further anticipated to provide basic data for clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and future studies using Korean National Health Insurance and Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service data.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

Objectives While Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is highly prevalent in Korea, studies examining its Korean medical treatment are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to assess current Korean medical treatment practice patterns for TMD. Methods A preliminary questionnaire was developed to investigate current practice patterns of TMD treatment and underwent further revision through external review. The final questionnaire was distributed as a web-based survey to 18,289 potential respondents by email. Results The response rate was 2.23%. Most participants replied that they received multiple Korean medicine interventions for TMD treatment consisting of such methods as acupuncture, chuna manipulation, electroacupuncture. The percentage of treatment services among uncovered services, which need to be covered by national health insurance was high in the order of pharmacopuncture, chuna manipulation, and herbal medicine. The most commonly used diagnostic examination tools for TMD was Physical examination and next was Imaging diagnosis. The frequency of TMD treatment was the highest at 2~3 times per week (76%) and the period was from 4 to 12 weeks (63%). Conclusions This survey study helps determine current practice patterns of TMD, and recognizes the need for use of diagnostic devices in TMD treatment. These results are further anticipated to provide basic data for clinical practice guide lines (CPGs).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.390-400
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• 2010

This study is aimed to test physiological and hematological actions of Rheum palmatum through clinical pilot study optimized for usual oriental medicine prescription. Thirty-one cases were finally collected and the sample extract 100 $m{\ell}$ of Rheum palmatum (ERP) was administered two times in a day during 3 days and checked with blood CBC test, urinalysis, liver function test, abdominal X-ray as well as general diagnostic process of oriental medicine; pattern identification, assessment of shapes and constitution. The total toxic effective rate of ERP was 9.68% in 3 cases of the whole in case of consistent uneasy state in the subjective symptomatic assessment and aggravation of blood and urine examination. The relevant diagnostic factors were so-eum constitution and essence type subject, carapaces species, lung type in the aspect of Jisan shape theory. On the other hand, the positive effective rate of ERP was 29.03% manifesting improvement of vital signs or present illness and no abnormal changes of blood chemistry and urinalysis and simple abdomen radiology. The relevant diagnostic factors were tae-eum constitution, energy type subject, aves species, heart and liver type in Jisan's shape theory. And the other cases were manifesting no specific change through the administration of ERP. The ratio of the numbers of decrease and increase was 44:5 in the tenderness and hardness of abdominal palpation. But if the pattern identification doesn't comply with the aim of rhubarb application despite of constipation and abdominal pain, the tendeness and biochemical report was shown in abnormal change. The mean number of diarrhea by ERP was $16.77{\pm}6.95$ during 3 days after administration, and the frequent areas of abdominal pain were lower>middle>upper in order, and it meant the target site of ERP too. Besides, the toxic reaction against ERP was expressed highly in case of decrease in blood cell count and hemoglobin, hematocrit having blood deficiency syndrome. Likewise, the toxicity of ERP was influenced by pattern identification manifesting present disease condition and diagnostic factors of four constitutions, Jisan's shape theory collaterally. In conclusion, evaluation of herbal toxicity in order for using as a clinical guideline, various diagnostic pattern information and shape features like the above should be studied together with other pharmacologic toxicology test for the future.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.683-688
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• 2008

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of two commercially available desensitizing agents over 3 weeks on patients with dentin hypersensitivity. Materials and Methods : An oxalate-based solution, Sensblok (NIBEC Inc. Seoul, Korea) & Superseal (Pheonix Inc. Michigan, USA), and a distilled water placebo were compared in a clinical setting. Seven volunteers exhibiting three or more teeth that were sensitive to tactile & air were enrolled in the study (35 teeth total). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for recording each patient s level of sensitivity to tactile & air stimuli. A Florida probe was rubbed across the exposed dentin three times with a constant pressure 20 grams to measure the tactile stimulus. The air stimulus was generated by dental unit air syringe for 1-second blast from 1/2 inch distance. The desensitizing agents were applied according manufacture s guideline. VAS scores were recorded at baseline, 1 minute after treatment, at 1 week, 2weeks, 3weeks. VAS score were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA ( =0.05). Results : The Sensblok, Superseal, and distilled water placebo all decreased dentin sensitivity. A statistically significant difference existed between Sensblok and placebo when tactile stimulus was applied (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found among other desensitizing agents and tactile and air stimuli.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2008

Rebamipide, ($\pm$)-2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)-3-[2(1H)-quinolinon-4-yl] propionic acid, is used for mucosal protection, healing of gastroduodenal ulcers, and treatment of gastritis. It works by enhancing mucosal defense, scavenging free radicals and temporarily activating genes encoding cyclooxygenase-2. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two rebamipide tablets, $Mucosta^{(R)}$ (Korea Otsuca Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.) and Mustar (Korean Drug Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of rebamipide from the two rebamipide formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with pH 6.8 dissolution medium. Twenty six healthy male subjects, $23.46{\pm}2.63$ years in age and $66.62{\pm}8.97\;kg$ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After a single tablet containing 100 mg as rebamipide was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of rebamipide in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in the tested dissolution medium. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated, and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Mucosta^{(R)}$ were -5.08, 3.52 and -9.71 % for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., log 0.84$\sim$log 1.07 and log 0.90$\sim$log 1.17 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Mustar tablet was bioequivalent to $Mucosta^{(R)}$ tablet.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2010

Korea does not have a certain criteria on the respiratory ability and phonation of the normal aged, and also has no clear standard to examine the boundaries of geriatric diseases. This study analyzed the characteristics in respiration and phonation of the aged in normal healthy elderly from diverse angles with different variables. Thirty-three participants in total, seven males and eight females in the age group 55-64 participated in the study. Seven males and eleven females in the age group 65-74 were selected for the respiration and phonation experiments, and 10 different variables such as FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, MPT, MFR, Psub, f0, jitter, shimmer and NHR were comparatively analyzed for each group of different age and gender. To see the difference in respiration and phonation by age and gender, the study conducted a two-way ANOVA. First, from the result of the analysis on respiratory ability, FVC of male appeared to be significantly greater than female. In both age groups of 55-64 and 65-74, male displayed greater FVC than female did. Second, as for $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, the age group of 55-64 showed greater values than the values measured in the age group of 65-74. Third, MFR showed a significant difference by gender. In both age groups, male showed significantly higher MFR than female. Fourth, for different gender, a significant difference in MFR was observed. In both age groups of 55-64 and 65-74, male exhibited higher MFR than female. This study has a clinical implication in that it analyzed the criteria on respiration and phonation in normal healthy elderly according to gender and age. The normal aged showed a difference in their respiratory and phonatory functions by age and gender, it was closely related to the decline of pulmonary function due to the physical aging and the weak respiration coming from weakness of respiratory muscles. Also, the physical differences in height, weight, and the muscles in laryngeal and respiratory system between males and females had an influence on the performance. These results from this study might be a helpful guideline for the clinical criterion in the future.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2014

Background: The first pharmacy student practice undergoing 6 year pharmacy school curriculum have begun in the hospital pharmacy, community pharmacy, pharmaceutical company and administrative office since 2013. Although most of practice sites have prepared the program of pharmacy student practice education for several years under guideline of Korean Association of Pharmacy Education, generally community pharmacies which start the pharmacy student practice education have difficulty in performing the desirable student practice program due to absent experience for it. So we reported the comparison of student practice programs between mono pharmacy and multiple pharmacies conducted by Gyeongsang National University College of Pharmacy to provide the future design information of the ideal pharmacy student practice in community pharmacy. Method: Students who practiced both multiple (multi) and mono pharmacy (mono) programs for each 5 weeks were participated the survey to evaluate the student practice programs. Results: The results of the survey on the student practice program reported that students were much more satisfied with the multiple pharmacies program than mono pharmacy program in both practical contents ($4.12{\pm}0.72$ : $3.27{\pm}1.28$; multi : mono) and satisfaction ($4.54{\pm}0.54$ : $3.54{\pm}1.3$; multi : mono) and they all gave the highest points ($5.00{\pm}0.00$) to multiple pharmacies program for recommendation because the multiple pharmacies program was significantly helpful for their experience to plan the future career. Conclusion: Mono and multiple pharmacy practice programs would be a great helpful for student's future career. However, the disadvantages of each program should be amended gradually for the unified and specialized program to be established the ideal community pharmacy student practice in Korea. The results will be affected the pharmacy practice program for students in community pharmacy and the other colleges of pharmacy to design the ideal community pharmacy practice program.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

목적 : 본 연구는 델파이 방법을 적용하여 국내 감각통합치료실 구성을 위한 가이드라인을 개발하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2020년 5월부터 6월까지 감각통합치료 관련된 전문가 패널 22명을 대상으로 델파이 방법을 적용하여 전문가의 의견을 수집하였다. 델파이 조사는 2차에 걸쳐 진행 되었으며, 1차 델파이 설문에는 선행연구를 근거로 하여 평가도구 40개와 치료도구 23개의 폐쇄형 질문과 안전을 위한 물리적 환경 10개의 항목과 개방형 질문을 혼합하여 의견을 수렴하였다. 2차 델파이 설문은 1차 설문의 결과를 바탕으로 항목 삭제 및 수정과정을 거쳐 최종 수렴하였다. 결과 : 1차 델파이 결과에서는 총 59개 항목이 선정되었다. 최종 2차 델파이 결과에서는 59개의 모든 항목의 내용타당도 비율이 .42 이상으로 분석되어 삭제한 항목은 없었으며, 안정도 또한 모든 항목 0.5 이하로 분석되어 추가적인 설문이 필요 없음으로 판단하였다. 최종 델파이 조사의 평균 내용타당도 비율은 .92, 안정도 .15, 수렴도 .36, 합의도 .80으로 높은 일치도를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 감각통합치료실의 물리적 환경과 치료 도구 및 평가 도구를 조사하고, 감각통합치료자들에게 임상 현장에서 얻어진 감각통합치료실 환경에 대한 견해를 파악함으로써 앞으로 감각통합치료실을 개설하기 원하는 기관들과 임상 치료사에게 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.434-448
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• 2018

Objective: The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Bipolar Disorder (KMAP-BP) was first published in 2002 through an expert consensus of opinion, and updated in 2006, 2010, and 2014. This study constitutes the fourth revision of the KMAP-BP. Methods: A 50-item questionnaire was used to obtain the consensus of experts regarding pharmacological treatment strategies for various phases of adult bipolar disorder and six items for pediatric bipolar disorder. The review committee included 84 Korean psychiatrists and 43 child and adolescent psychiatry experts. Results: The preferred first-step strategies for acute mania were the combination of a mood stabilizer (MS) and an atypical antipsychotic (AAP), MS monotherapy, and AAP monotherapy. A combination of a MS and an AAP, and AAP monotherapy were preferred for psychotic mania. The first-step strategies for mild to moderate bipolar depression were monotherapy with MS, AAP, or lamotrigine (LMT), and the combination of a MS and an AAP or LMT, or a combination of an AAP and LMT. The combination of two among a MS, AAP, and LMT were preferred for non-psychotic severe depression. A combination of a MS and an AAP or the combination of an AAP with an antidepressant or LMT were the first-line options for psychotic severe depression. Conclusion: The recommendations of the KMAP-BP 2018 have changed from the previous version by reflecting recent developments in pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder. KMAP-BP 2018 provides clinicians with a wealth of information regarding appropriate strategies for treating patients with bipolar disorder.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2019

목적: 국가 결핵 관리 프로그램을 통해 국내 결핵 발병률과 사망률은 감소하고 있지만, 결핵은 여전히 중요한 감염병이다. 저자들은 국내 소아청소년을 대상으로 한 결핵 관련 논문의 동향과 연구 분야를 분석하여 향후 연구가 필요한 분야를 확인하기 위해 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 국내외 6개의 데이터베이스에서 'tuberculo*' 또는 'TB', 'child*' 또는 'adolescen*' 또는 'neonat*' 또는 'infant*' 또는 'pediatric*' 그리고 'korea*'를 포함하여 제목과 초록을 검색하였다. 국내 소아와 청소년을 대상으로 한 결핵 관련 문헌의 논문 종류, 발행 연도, 연구 영역, 투고된 학술지명, 연구 대상을 분석했다. 결과: 검색된 257편의 문헌 중 120편의 논문이 분석에 포함되었다. 이 중 82편(68.3%)은 원저였고, 증례 33편(27.5%), 종설 4편(3.3%), 지침 1편(0.8%)이었다. 원저의 연구 영역을 분류했을 때, 가장 흔한 주제는 임상적 특징(36.6%)이었고 진단(29.3%), 접촉자 조사(9.8%), 역학(6.1%), 치료(4.9%), 백신(3.6%), 잠복결핵감염(3.6%), 합병증(3.6%) 그리고 결핵에 대한 인식(2.4%)에 대한 연구가 뒤를 이었다. 1962년에 출판된 논문을 시작으로 1960년대 4편, 1970년대 10편, 1980년대 11편, 1990년대 22편, 2000년대 26편, 2010년 이후 47편의 문헌이 발표되었다. 결론: 국내 소아를 대상으로 한 결핵 관련 연구는 지난 50년 간 증가해 왔지만, 연구 영역이 임상적 기술과 진단에 치우쳐 있었다. 치료나 백신과 같은 또 다른 영역에 대한 연구가 다양하게 수행되어야 할 필요가 있겠다.