• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.236-244
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• 2000

The concept of the true house' is based on the balance of a person's life and nature and represents the life in which lies an organic harmony between environment and ecology. However, humans have always been in a position of dominance over nature and with their developments have brought on much destruction and corruption to the ecosystem. With this, the position of the true house has intensified and the ecological approach of architecture has started to come into consideration as its alternative plan. Accordingly, it is essential to reconstruct and take on a new perspective of nature. The conversion to a more Oriental approach, which dwells in the adaptation and harmony of nature, is especially sufficient to the ecological aspect of architecture. From this we can realize that the ecological approach is none other than a modern interpretation of what our ancestors have lived by. In other words, an architectural concept deriving from the adaptation of climate, season, and nature-the coexistence of man and nature. From an ecological point of view, the idea of favoring nature in the traditional house can be found in the inclination of being one with nature by adapting to its geographical and preferable climate conditions. This results in the use of natural energy, the use of natural resources, the organic connection between the inner and outer natural space, and the application of nature itself. By approaching these elements from a modern point of view and applying it to the current time, we can open up the door to a more lasting human-environment based ecological position of architecture where our own climatic characteristics and traditions can be reflected in the pursuit of harmony between man and nature.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.9-16
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• 2006

The researches on the environmental friendly buildings have carried out on the materials, environmental property, technical elements and etc., and various buildings with these green materials have built and under construction nowadays and became a new trend of the green building. And recently, new building technique which builds the wall with the soil and wood and very easy to construct (called M Earthen House) was introduced as the green building and rapidly propagated. But the research on the indoor climatic characteristics, the ability to control the environmental comfort and the influence to the human beings of these buildings are not sufficiently identified yet. In this paper, the indoor environmental characteristics and the temperature controlling ability of these buildings in summer season were measured and analysed by the Portable Indoor Air Quality Monitor(BABUC/A, LSI) measuring equipments, ana the subjective test on the thermal environment of the subjects were carried out to evaluate the thermal comfort. The results can be summarized as follows; 1) Compared to the outdoor dry bulb temp.($15.4{\sim}28.7^{\circ}C$), the indoor temp. was $19.5{\sim}26.8^{\circ}C$. It showed the temperature controlling ability of the M earthen house was outstanding. And the indoor relative humidity, compared to the outdoor($45.4{\sim}100%$), was $58.1{\sim}76.4%$, it showed the humidity controlling ability of the M earthen house was also outstanding. 2) The thermal environment was evaluated as 'comfort'(neutral-slightly warm) and the humidity was also evaluated as 'comfort'(neutral-slightly humid). So, the results of the physical and subjective evaluation on the indoor thermal comfort in summer season were 'neutral' and 'comfort' coincidently, it was confirmed that the controlling ability of the indoor temperature and humidity of the M earthen house was very excellent.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.653-662
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• 2003

Changes in the area of geo-ecosystem $(62^{\circ}09'S,\;58^{\circ}31'w)$ reflect climatic changes in the South Shetland Islands. Air temperature and deglaciation will increase. The ice-free space area at the SSSS 8- (ASPA 121) site has enlarged threefold during the last 21 years, thus creating conditions for inhabitation and succession. Wind, water and snow play important roles in transportation of geochemical components. They distribute nutrients, mineral substances, seeds, fragments of plants and animals, etc. Plant and animal colonization is patchy and it happens at random in an 'island' - like manner. The colonization pattern is dependant, to a high degree on physical factors. The newly uncovered ice-free areas are at first inhabited by a vascular plant known as the Deschampsia antarctica. The border of the land-oasis with Admiralty Bay is the place where the processes related to animal feeding at the sea and reproduction on the land take place. Bird colonies and pinniped lairs form centers of fertilization surrounded by high chemical gradients dependent on the direction of the flow of nutrients $(e.g.\;NH_4)$. During the last 25 years, the numbers of penguins in this region have decreased, and thus the amount of materials excreted on land has diminished. The numbers of fur seals change in multi-annual cycles, and their migration into this area is related to the E1 $Ni\~{n}o$ phenomenon. The numbers of elephant seals in the area did not change. Organic matter deposited by the sea onto the shore are a source of nutrients and deficient chemical elements on land. Mineral matter is washed out into the waters of Admiralty Bay. These processes change seasonally, and multi annually. Negative effects on the environment at Arctowski Station induced by man are slight, but noticeable nevertheless. Physical processes have the largest influence on the living conditions and distribution of plants and animals, and as a consequence, on the functioning of the geo-ecosystem in the coastal-shore zone of the Maritime Antarctic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 1981

The oceanic effect on the climate of the southern coast of Korea was analysed based on the sea surface temperature and in order to study relationships between the fluctuation of the sea surface temperature and that of climatic elements. Meteolorogical data from 1960 to 1979 were used. In the year when difference between the air and water temperature was maximum, the air temperature in southern coast was higher than normal year. A fluctuation of the sea surface temperature plays an important influence to determine the variation of the air temperature in the coastal area. Humidity of the coastal climate depends upon the oceanic effect in summer, but not in winter. This results may be due to prevailing wind effect. The oceanic effect on the precipitation in the coastal area is not found.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 1981

The oceanic effect on the climate of the southern coast of Korea was analysed based on the sea surface temperature and in order to study relationships between the fluctuation of the sea surface temperature and that of climatic elements. Meteolorogical data from 1960 to 1979 were used. In the year when difference between the air and water temperature was maximum, the air temperature in southern coast was higher than normal year. A fluctuation of the sea surface temperature plays an important influence to determine the variation of the air temperature in the coastal area. Humidity of the coastal climate depends upon the oceanic effect in summer, but not in winter. This results may be due to prevailing wind effect. The oceanic effect on the precipitation in the coastal area is not found.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.371-379
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• 2022

The environment in Kosovo is a topic of concern for the citizens and the state because of the temperatures that affect the health of the citizens and the climate around the world. Kosovo's climate is related to its geographical position. Stretching in the middle latitude, Kosovo's climate depends on the amount of heat coming from the Sun, the proximity of the Adriatic Sea, the Vardar valley, the openness to the north. In order to better understand the climatic features of Kosovo, one must know the elements of the climate such as: sunshine, temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, winds. The Meteorological Institute of Kosovo is responsible for measuring temperatures in Kosovo since 2014 and until now 12 meteorological stations have been operationalized with automatic measurement and real-time data transfer to the central system for data collection and archiving. The hydrometeorological institute lacks an application for measuring temperatures in all the countries of Kosovo. Software applications are generally built to suit the requirements of different governments and clients in order to enable easier management of the jobs they operate on. One of the forms of application development is the development of mobile applications based on android. The purpose of the work is to create a mobile application based on the Android operating system that aims to display information about the weather, this type of application is necessary and important for users who want to see the temperature in different places in Kosovo, but also the world. This type of application offers many options such as maximum temperature, minimum temperature, humidity, and air pressure. The built application will have real and accurate data; this will be done by comparing the results with other similar applications. Such an application is necessary for everyone, especially for those people whose daily work is dependent on the weather or even for those who decide to spend their vacations, such as summer or winter. In this paper, comparisons are also made within android applications for tablets, televisions and smart watches.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.351-357
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• 1983

To study the relationships between soybean seed yield and meteorological elements, the investigation into the important agronomic characters of Bongeui cultivar and climatic factors such as precipitation, rainy days, and temperature from 1970 to 1981 was made. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) Coefficients of variabilities for pod-filling rate, seed yield, number of pods per plant, and seed weight were about 38%, 30%, 30%, and 5.5%, respectively. 2) Weather conditions mainly in July and August influenced soybean production. Particularly, high temperature played an important role in soybean yield reduction. 3) Correlation coefficients between maximum, minimum, or average temperature of July (and, in the case of August, maximum temperature only) and yield or seed weight, and between those of August and podfilling rate were significantly negative. 4) Regression equations between average temperature of July or maximum temperature of August and yield were Y=-42.46X +1200.86 and Y=-37.95X + 1210.42, respectively. 5) High temperature during the flowering stage affected soybean seed yield reduction significantly.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 2017

This study was carried out to estimate growth characteristics of Kimchi cabbage cultivated in two different growing seasons and three transplanting dates in the greenhouses, and to create a predicting model for the production of Kimchi cabbage based on the growth parameters and climatic elements. Kimchi cabbages were transplanted three times at intervals of two weeks in spring and autumn growing seasons. Sigmoidal models for the estimation of fresh weight (Fw) was designed with days after transplanting, which were Fw=4451.5/[1+exp{-(DAT-34.1)/3.6}]($R^2=0.992$) and Fw=7182.0/[1+exp{-(DAT-53.8)/11.6}] ($R^2=0.979$), respectively. The relationship between fresh weight of Kimchi cabbage and growing degree days (GDD) was highly correlated, and the regression model represented by Fw=4451.5/[1+exp{-(GDD-34.1)/3.6}] ($R^2=0.992$) in spring growing season. The yield of Kimchi cabbage under spring and autumn growing season were estimated 11348.3kg/10a and 15128.2kg/10a, respectively, which were much different than outdoor culture each growing season, while greenhouse cultivation have shown similar results. To estimate the efficacy of prediction yield in Kimchi cabbage, we will need to supplement a predicting model, which was based on the parameters and climatic elements by the field cultivation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

At present, summer cloudburst and local torrential rainfalls have increased in this country, because of climatic change. Therefore, studies on prevention of soil loss have been actively proceeded, and Korea Forest Service has offered landslide hazard map. Landslide hazard map divides risks into 5 classes, by giving weight with 9 kinds of elements. In August 25 2014, soil loss occurred in the whole Oryun Tunnel, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, because of local torrential heavy rain. As a result of comparing with landslide hazard map, the area where soil loss occurred in reality is a safety zone on hazard map. Rainfall, soil map, geological map, forest type map, gradient, drainage network, watershed, basin shape, and efflux of the whole Oryun Tunnel where soil loss occurred were analyzed. As a result of an analysis, it is judged that soil, forest type, much efflux and peak discharge, degree of water network and basin shape of a place where landslide occurred are causes of soil loss. It is judged that efflux, peak discharge, and basin shape by the localized rainfall that is not considered in landslide hazard map of them are the biggest causes of soil loss. It is judged that efflux, peak discharge, degree of water network and basin shape by the rainfall are important through a study on a causual analysis on soil loss in the whole Oryun Tunnel where is one of occurrence area where a lot of propertywere lost by the record local torrential rainfalls. A localized torrential downpour should be prepared by considering these elements on judgement of a landslide hazard area.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.153-186
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• 2000

Jigam(止感), Josik(調息), Kumchock(禁觸), from the lecture on Truth of ${\ll}Samilshingo{\gg}$(三一神誥) treat three elements of Kigong, regulation of mental activties, regulation of breathing and adjustment of posture and there are some similar mentions with the view of human body based on oriental medicine like those Samjin(三眞), Sammang(三妄), Samdo(三途) and Sippalkyoung(十八境) ect. Thus as a result of comparison and observation about the interrelationships between principle of Kigong in the lecture on Truth of ${\ll}Samilshingo{\gg}$(三一神誥) and oriental medicine. I have conclusion as follows. 1. According to the lecture on Truth, the components of human body are the one and only Samjin(三眞), Sammang(三妄) and Samdo(三途) resulted from facing Samjin(三眞) to Sammang(三妄) and Sippalkyoung(十八境). This fact presents the principle of human change. 2. the principle of Kigong mentioned in the lecture on Truth shows the original Ilshin(一神) on the basis of Samjin(三眞), Sammang(三妄), Samdo(三途) and Sippalkyoung(十八境). This makes common, unity and sound Sim(心), Ki(氣) and Shin(身), Sammang(三妄) through Jigam(止感), Josik(調息) and Kumchock(禁觸), be versed, intellected and guaranteed Sung(性), Myoung(命) and Jung(精), Samjin(三眞) and emit Kyun(見), Mun(聞), Ji(知) and haeng(行), Sadaeshingi(四大神機) and finally all these are harmonized into Duk(德), Hye(慧) and Ryuk(力), Samdae(三大) which is the entity of God. 3. Samsipyookjongmyowhasang(三十六種妙化相) is an ascetic practice done after a chulin(哲人) deduce Ji(止), Jo(調) and Kum(禁), Sambup(三法) on the basis of the lecture on Truth. So I suppose it correlates nature's six elements. Kong(空)(Chun(天)). Yol(熱)(Wha(火)). Jin(震(Jeon(電)), Seup(濕)(Shoo(水)), Han(寒)(Poong(風)) and Ko(固)(Ji(地)), human's Samjin(三眞), Sung(性), Myoung(命) and Jung(精) and Sammang(三妄), Sim(心), Ki(氣) and Shin(身) and makes clear the principle of discipline. 4. In comparison with Samjin(三眞) and Sammang(三妄) says from the lecture on Truth and the Three Essential Elements of the body construction(三寶) from oriental medicine, Samjin(三眞) and Sammang(三妄) as factors of human body in the concept of practical knowledge. That is the one and only Samjin(三眞) in terms of the Three Essential Elements of the body construction(三寶) is considered a structural principle for every single person and Sammang(三妄) is considered a functional form for each individual. And it can be Sung(性)+Sim(心)=Spirit(神), Myoung(命)+Ki(氣)=Vital Force(氣) and Jung(精)+Shin(身)=True Essence(精). 5. In comparison with Sippalkyoung(十八境) of Samdo(三途) from the lecture on Truth and three medical causes of disease, Gamdoyookkyoung(感途六境) is similar with endopathic cause caused by Naesangchiljung(內傷七情), Sikdoyukkyoung(息途六境) is similar with exopathic cause by six climatic conditions in excess as pathogenic factors(六淫) and Yoegi(?氣) and Chokdoyukkyoung(觸途六境) is similar with non-endo-exopathogenic causes by diet imbalance, fatigue, intemperance in sexual life and trauma etc. 6. In the lecture on Truth, the Chulin(哲人) who discipline Sambup(三法), Sangchul(上哲), Choongchul(中哲) and Hachul(下哲) can be compared with Kigong expert(health preserving expert) such as the Spiritual Men(眞人), the Sapients(至人), the Sages(聖人) and the Men of Exellent Virtue(寶人) in the Sang Gu Tian Zhen Lun of the Huang Ti Nei Ching Su Wen(素問 上古天眞論) and then Sangchul(上哲) is the Spiritual Men(眞人), Choongchul(中哲) is the Sapients(至人) and Hachul(下哲) is the Sages(聖人) while the men of Exellent Virtue(賢人) is inferior to Chulin(哲人) when he goes to extremes.