• International Area Studies Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.133-153
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• 2013

This study was to estimate the economic value of Gaecheon Arts Festival in Jinju, Korea. To measure the value of the festival, improved travel cost measurement that applied new weight concept from the Travel Cost Measurement(TCM) proposed by Peares(1972) was used. The total value was evaluated to approximately 2,270.057 billion KRW. The result showed that travel cost items affecting on economic value of the festival were transportation, food and beverage, shopping, accommodation, amusement and entrance fee in order. The effect of accommodation due to the visitors' surplus was small, due to day trip participation trend??. Because accommodation, shopping and entrance fee, therefore, directly affect the regional economy, it is necessary for festival planning party to develop the program for tourist accommodation and so forth. Finally, this study will contribute to the development of local festivals through the more objective, clear comparison and measurement of economic value between local festivals using improved travel cost estimation method.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.26-49
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to verify the reliability of the solar radiation model and discuss its applicability to the urban area of Seoul for summer heat stress mitigation. We extended the study area closer to the city scale and enhanced the spatial resolution sufficiently to determine pedestrian-level urban radiance. The domain was a $4km^2$ residential area with high-rise building sites. Radiance modelling (SOLWEIG) was performed with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)-based detailed geomorphological land cover shape. The radiance model was evaluated using surface energy balance (SEB) observations. The model showed the highest accuracy on a clear day in summer. When the mean radiation temperature (MRT) was simulated, the highest value was for a low-rise building area and road surface with a low shadow effect. On the other hand, for high-rise buildings and vegetated areas, the effect of shadows was large and showed a relatively low value of mean radiation temperature. The method proposed in this study exhibits high reliability for the management of heat stress in urban areas at pedestrian height. It is applicable for many urban micro-climate management functions related to natural and artificial urban settings; for example, when a new urban infrastructure is planned.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.413-425
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• 2019

We see many images every day, some of these images are stored in memory, and the majority are immersed in the unconscious world. Visual elements are seen by personal attention or by visual or biological attention factors. Specific and clear discovery of this visual attention has not yet been made. However, there is an interesting discussion of this visual attention in the fields of interior, design, visual perception, advertising, and psychology. Advertising photographers are expected to produce what their work will have on viewers and consumers. However, the adjustment of subject, exposure, color, or post-production, which could have a visual effect on the consumer, was determined only by the photographer's senses rather than the experimental verification. The advertisement photographs provide a specific image related to the object to be advertised and deliver a certain message. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of the image in a certain visual way. According to previous studies, there are two major factors that affect the visual impression of the viewer. One is the factor depending on the type and content of the subject and the other is the factor about the density and color of the subject. The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaningful changes in the visual perception depending on the shape, content, color and tone of the subject, which can be called the main subject, And to analyze the effects of I will study some implications of visual elements through various analyzes.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: in vitro micronucleus test (vitMNT) is one of the promising alternative testing methods in genotoxicity test and was adopted as OECD test guideline for chemical registration. This study was conducted to optimize the cytoplasm conditions in vitMNT using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study cytokinesis-block micronucleus test was conducted. Mitomycin C and colchicine were used as positive control chemicals and were treated for three hours (short time) or twenty-four hours (long time). Giemsa solution was used for cell staining. For optimization of vitMNT, the final fixative was prepared as five concentrations (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 25%) of acetic acid in methanol, and treatment times of the final fixative were varied under four conditions (immediately, one hour, four hours, and one day). CONCLUSION: Acetic acid at 1% in methanol as the final fixative was most adequate to preserve the cytoplasm around the nucleus in the interphase cells. Also, fixative treatment time of cell suspension for one to four hours may minimize the cell rupture. These results can be helpful for getting an accurate result promptly due to clear visual distinction to score micronucleus in vitMNT using giemsa solution.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.530-539
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• 2021

Background: In South Korea, areas around abandoned metal mines are designated as regions with high arsenic (As) contamination. However, studies assessing urinary As exposure, As metabolism, and relevant genetic polymorphisms in residents of these metal mine areas are lacking. Objectives: To identify factors associated with As exposure and evaluate the effects of MTHFR, As3MT, and GSTO1 genetic polymorphisms on As metabolism in residents of abandoned metal mine areas by measuring urinary As species. Methods: Urinary As species (arsenite [As³⁺], arsenate [As⁵⁺], monomethyl arsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid) were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). Four genetic polymorphisms (MTHFR A222V, MTHFR E429A, GSTO1 A140D, As3MT M287T) were analyzed in 144 residents of four areas around abandoned metal mines. Results: The study sample was comprised of 34.7% men and 65.3% women, with a mean age of 70.7±10.9 years. The urinary inorganic As concentration was higher among those consuming more than half locally produced rice (0.31 ㎍/L) than those consuming less than half such rice (0.18 ㎍/L). The urinary dimethylarsinic acid concentration was higher in the group that had consumed seafood in the past day (31.68 ㎍/L) than in those who had not (22.37 ㎍/L). Furthermore, individuals heterozygous in the MTHFR A222V and GSTO1 A140D polymorphism had higher urinary arsenic species concentrations than did individuals with a wild type or homozygous for the variant allele. Conclusions: Consumption of locally produced rice was associated with inorganic As exposure, whereas seafood consumption was associated with organic As exposure among residents of abandoned metal mine areas. There was no clear association between MTHFR A222V and GSTO1 A140D polymorphisms and As metabolism.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.253-273
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• 2022

Automated vehicles rely on information collected through sensors to drive. Therefore, the uncertainty of the information collected from a sensor is an important to address. To this end, research is conducted in the field of road and traffic to solve the uncertainty of these sensors through infrastructure or facilities. Therefore, this study developed a traffic cone that can maintaing the gaze guidance function in the construction site by securing sufficient LiDAR detection performance even in rainy conditions and verified its improvement effect through demonstration. Two types of cones were manufactured, a cross-type and a flat-type, to increase the reflective performance compared to an existing cone. The demonstration confirms that the flat-type traffic cone has better detection performance than an existing cone, even in 50 mm/h rainfall, which affects a driver's field of vision. In addition, it was confirmed that the detection level on a clear day was maintained at the 20 mm/h rain for both cones. In the future, improvement measures should be developed so that the traffic cones, that can improve the safety of automated driving, can be applied.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.163-181
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• 2023

Improving the detection performance of facilities corresponding to the sensors of autonomous vehicles helps driving safety. In the road and transportation field, research is being conducted to improve the detection performance of sensors by road infrastructure or facilities. As part of this on the development of autonomous driving support infrastructure, the shape of traffic cones and drums to ensure sufficient LiDAR detection performance even rainy conditions and maintain the line-of-sight guidance function in construction zones improvement effect. The principle was to increase reflection performance and ensure no significant difference in shape from existing facilities. Traffic cones were manufactured in square pyramid shapes instead of cones, and drums were manufactured in hexagonal and octagonal pillar shapes instead of cylinders. LiDAR detection data for the facility was confirmed on a clear day and with 20 mm/h and 40 mm/h rainfall. The detection performance of the square pyramid-shaped traffic cone and octagonal column-shaped drum was to the existing facility. On the other hand, deviations occurred due to repeated measurements, and significance could not be confirmed through statistical analysis. By reflecting these results, future studies will seek a form in which data can be obtained uniformly despite the diversity of measurement environments.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.12-19
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• 2000

Knowledge for reflectance characteristic of interesting targets will provide us with actual application of remote sensing on agriculture. In this study, we have measured and analyzed reflectivity characteristics based on growing status from transplanting time to harvesting time. Rice paddies transplant into 3 fields at 20, May, 1999. Measurement of reflectivity characteristics were carried out with a portable spectroradiometer for frequencies from 300nm to 1100nm during the time period from 11:00 AM to 01:00 PM of clear sky and calm a day. The measurements for a day repeated 3 times(also, 3 times to each measurement)for reliable values. In result, we found that averaged reflectivity of visible range has about 2.34% - 2.55% in blue region(400nm-498nm), about 5.05% - 6.01% in green region(500nm-598nm) and about 4.21% - 5.24% in red region(600nm-698nm). It must be noted that the more rice canopy grows, the more spectral reflectivity decreases in visible region. Also, we separated infrared region into two cases - One case is increasing region with 700nm-780nm, the other is fixed region with 800nm-1100nm. Averaged reflectivity of these regions has about 22.3% - 23.0% in increasing region, about 29.4% - 33.1% in fixed region. It must be noted that more rice canopy grows, the more spectral reflectivity also increases up to 23, Aug. in infrared region. After 23, Aug, the reflectivity has a tendency toward decrease.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.99-108
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• 2016

The shuttle breeding of Korean winter wheat has been able to develop high-yielding and day-length-intensive varieties with a wide range of ecologic adoption. However, the phenology of winter wheat has been changed due to recent rises in the winter temperature of Toluca and increasing frequency of high temperatures. We defined two wheat groups (group II and III) with vernalization and evaluated the impact of cold exposure duration and heading ratio due to changes in sowing dates by measuring changes in cold exposure duration and corresponding heading states of each group. The wheat cultivars were sown on three dates in two years. The cold exposure requirement of wheat sown on 6 November 2013 was unfulfilled. The cold exposure requirement of wheat sown on 22 November and 6 December 2013 was fulfilled. However, in 2014, the cold exposure requirement of wheat sown on 5 and 20 November was fulfilled, but that of wheat sown on 5 December was unfulfilled. The differences for the two early November sowings were because winter temperature rises, which caused high temperatures in 2013, whereas early November 2014 saw normal temperatures for the area. The heading ratio of group II did not show a clear difference among the three sowing dates, while the heading ratio of group III was reduced by about half. This implies that the efficiency of shuttle breeding of group III will be high since it showed strong sensitivity to changes in sowing dates. We calculated future sowing dates of each group under near future climate scenarios; the future available sowing dates of group II were projected, but the dates of group III were never estimated in the temperature rise scenario in Toluca. Our findings suggest that change of sowing dates should be considered in the strategy for shuttle breeding of Korean winter wheat.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 2009

The effects of vacuum precooling(VP) on the shelf-life of polyethylene film(PE) packaged King oyster mushrooms(Pleurotus eryngii) during storage at $-1^{\circ}C$ were investigated. VP was conducted below $0^{\circ}C$ in a $-1^{\circ}C$ cold chamber of 40 minutes, and mushrooms were stored for 30 days in batches of 1kg. The weight loss of the VP-treated mushroom was slightly lower than that of control. The $O_2$ concentrations of VP-treated mushroos, within 4 days of storage, were 2.44-14.50 %/kg-package/hr, thus higher than control values(2.01-8.19%/kg-package/hr). $CO_2$ generation of VP-treated mushrooms, again within 4 days of storage, was 0.47%/kg-package/hr, thus lower than that of controls(0.58%/kg-package/hr). The $CO_2/O_2$ ratio peaked on day 4 of storage in the control group, tbut no such peak was observed in VP-treated mushrooms. In the VP-treated fungi, lightness was higher, and redness and yellowness lower, than in controls, at all storage times.. In VP-treated mushrooms, strength, hardness and chewiness were significantly higher than in controls, but there were no significant differemces in springiness or cohesiveness. Softening and breakdown of under-cap wrinkles were observed in control mushrooms stored for 30 days, but occurred to a lesser extent in VP-treated fungi. Stipe reticulum tissue vessels in the 30 day-stored VP-treated mushrooms were relatively well-defined and clear, but were softer and diffuse in the control fungi. The results thus confirmed that VP after harvest enhanced mushroom shelf-life and PE packaging prolonged storage time. The data will have industrial applications.