• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

Purpose - Theorists and researchers in the area of customer satisfaction generally agree that product satisfaction intervenes between expectancy disconfirmation and various post-purchase cognitive states including attitude and behavioral intention. Studies in a variety of settings have supported the effect of expectation and its disconfirmation on satisfaction, but only a small number of studies address the cognitive consequences of satisfaction decisions and none report data on choice processes such as brand selection. This study examines the influence of satisfaction and its determinants on behavioral intention and product preference in eight coffee shops across the country. Generally it was found in both overall and summed attribute analyses that satisfaction was a function of expectation and disconfirmation, that intention was a function of satisfaction, and that preference was influenced by satisfaction and disconfirmation, the latter having the greater effect. Research design, data, and methodology - The main objective of this study was to assess the dimensions of consumer selection and satisfaction in choosing a coffee shop. In order to achieve this objective, a study of coffee shops across the country was conducted. This study comprised in-depth questionnaires distributed to coffee shop customers. A survey was conducted from September 1, 2011 to September 30, 2011, involving franchise coffee shop, independently owned coffee shop, and roastery coffee shop customers. Results - Hypothesis 1-1, which states that coffee shop choice attributes differ based on the type of coffee shop, is accepted. It has a significance level of 0.05, according to choosing properties of coffee shop by convenience of transportation, varieties of beans, residence of the owner (manager), information, and relationships. Hypothesis 1-2, which states that satisfaction with the choice factor differs depending on the type of coffee shops, is accepted. The P-values for cleanliness and varieties of beans were 0.04 and 0.00, respectively, and have a significance level of 0.05, according to the satisfaction with the chosen coffee shop. Hypothesis 2-1, which states that the importance of the choice attributes in coffee shop selections differs based on the demographic characteristics of the customers, is accepted. According to the t-test result, convenience of parking and residence of the owner (manager) are significant. Hypothesis 2-2, which states that satisfaction with the choice factor will differ depending of the type of coffee shop, is accepted. According to the t-test result, convenience of parking and residence of the owner (manager) are significant. Conclusions - This study has shown that intention to revisit a certain shop is most likely correlated to satisfaction in all cases. In order to offer subsequent developments for coffee shops, this study also identifies relations between customer satisfaction and selection by finding significant factors. In order to maximize customers' satisfaction, coffee shops should analyze and satisfy customers' needs and wants in terms of coffee service. While the findings do not generalize beyond the mall sampling procedure used here, we have hopefully identified a close approximation of the process of satisfaction decisions used by consumers generally.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between customer trust and intention to return to the traditional market by using empirical analysis. Research design, data, and methodology - For the empirical analysis of this study, questionnaires were conducted for adults and over 20s. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed to consumers with experience in traditional markets, and 163 of them were used for empirical analysis. In order to analyze the relationship between customer trust and return visit intention by consumers visiting the traditional market, variables were selected through 10 constructive concepts and revised based on previous studies. The SPSS for win 18.0 was used for data analysis. Results - In order to clarify the relationship between consumer's visit to traditional market and customer's trust, it was found that the tolerance values of both the visiting factors and the consumers' perceptions of traditional markets were higher than .01. In the relationship between visitor's visit to traditional market and customer's trust, price was positively related to customer trust at 0.1% level. Image, product quality and freshness of traditional market were 5% Positive effects were found. These results show that consumers who visit traditional markets gain customer's trust in price, image, product quality and reliability of traditional market. Conclusions - In this study, the results of this study are as follows: First, the effect of customer trust on customer satisfaction is affected by the image (emotion) consumers feel about traditional market, the trust level about the price of goods offered by the market, The confidence level of freshness, the reliability of consumers' connection with the local economy, the consumer's traditional marketplace, and the level of awareness of the service (kindness) of the variables on the independent variables. As a result of the analysis, it was found that among the influence variables of customer trust used in this study, consumers had a high level of confidence about the price of commodities offered by the market, quality of goods, and freshness, The same relationship, market environment such as hygiene or cleanliness, connection with a local economy, service (kindness) of traditional market did not affect consumers' trust in traditional markets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1229-1243
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to :(a) investigate meal costs, plate waste costs, and advantages/disadvantages of conventional /commissary foodservices and (b) compare the effectiveness of commissary foodservice systems with that of conventional systems. Questionnaires were developed and mailed to 136 schools in Kyonggi-do. A total of 106 questionnaires were usable, resulting in a 77.9% response rate. Teacher's teaching of good food habits and students satisfaction with school foodservices were surveyed in three schools from each system. Moreover, plate waste was measured to express cost and benefit in currency. Data were analyzed using the SAS package for description analysis, t-test, $\chi$$^2$ test, ANOVA, and the Vilcoxon rank sum test. Approximately seventy percent of 294schools in Kyonggi-do were operating commissary systems and most of them were of the rural (reduced paid) type. The number of meals served varied significantly between types of foodservice. The results of this study indicated that average food , labor utility , and supply costs were saved in the commissary system and that the total meal cost/person for a day was 1218.7 won compared to 1452.4 won in the conventional system. Though total meal costs were saved in the commissary system, dietitians had difficulties cooperating with school foodservice committees and supporters associations, especially in satellites of the commissary system. In addition, dietitians and teachers in the commissary system did not carry out teaching activities on good food habits to students as often as in the conventional system. Other problems that dietitians recognized in the commissary system were difficulties in training employees and parents for portion control and serving relatively simple menus. Students, as customers of school foodservices, are very important for system evaluation . Students in the commissary system scored of food itself , cleanliness of tableware, waiting time, quantity of meal and food temperature significantly lower than students in the conventional system. Moreover , the rate of plate waste was 20.5% in the commissary system as compared to 3.3% in the conventional system. Cost-effectiveness (saving 233.7won/person/day) is the main benefit of the commissary system. However , because of lower satisfaction scores and a highest plate waste rate, 201.9won/ person were wasted in the commissary system. The results of this study suggest that increasing the number of meals served within a commissary system might maximize the efficiency of the system, but increasing the number of satellites is not recommended because it might be out of dietitians control in many aspects.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.322-331
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• 2016

본 연구는 소셜커머스 서비스품질과 서비스제공 업체의 물리적환경이 소셜커머스 신뢰 및 서비스제공 업체 만족을 통한 소셜커머스 충성도에 미치는 영향에 관한연구로, 가설검증결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 소셜커머스 서비스품질과 소셜커머스 신뢰와의 관계는 정보성(가설 1-1), 상호작용성(1-3)이 소셜커머스 신뢰에 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 거래성(가설 1-2), 웹디자인(가설 1-4), 보안성(가설 1-5)은 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째, 서비스제공 업체 물리적환경과 서비스제공 업체 만족과의 관계는 청결성(가설 2-2), 분위기(가설 2-3), 상호작용성(3-5)이 서비스제공업체 만족에 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 편리성(가설 2-1), 유용성(가설 2-4)은 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 소셜커머스의 신뢰와 서비스제공업체 만족과 소셜커머스 충성도간의 관계(가설 3, 4, 5)는 모두 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 공동구매형 소셜커머스에 대한 종합적인 이해와 함께 공동구매형 소셜커머스 및 서비스제공 업체의 활성화를 위한 전략의 수립에도 중요한 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2000

chemical mechanical Polishing (CMP)공정 중 제거된 막과 연마재의 지꺼기를 제거하기 위하여 일반적으로 사용하는 scrubbing과 같은 기계적인 세정법으로는 기가급 소자 제조시에 요구되는 $10^{10}/\textrm{cm}^2$ 이하의 오염도에 도달하기 어렵다. 따라서 이러한 기계적인 세정법에 이어 충분히 제거되지 못한 금속오염물을 제거하기 위한 2차 세정이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 리모트 플라스마 세정법과 UV/$O_3$ 세정법을 사용하여 oxide CMP 후에 웨이퍼 표면에 많이 존재하는 K, Fe, Cu등의 금속오염물을 제거하는데 대한 연구결과를 보고하고자 한다. 리모트 수소 플라스마 세정결과에 의하면, 세정시간이 짧을 수록, rf-power가 증가할수록 세정 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, CMP 공정 후 웨이퍼 표면에 특히 많이 존재하는 금속 불순물인 K, Fe, Cu 등의 오염 제거를 위한 최적 공정 조건은 세정시간이 1분, rf-power가 100 W인 것으로 나타났다. AFM 분석 결과에 의하면 rf-power의 증가에 따라 표면 거칠기가 미소하게 증가하는데 , 이것은 플라스마에 의한 손상 때문인 것으로 보이나 그 정도는 무시할만하다. 한편, UV/$O_3$ 세정의 경우에는 세정공정시간이 30 sec일때 가장 우수한 세정효과가 얻어졌다. 리모트 수소 플라스마 및 UV/$O_3$ 세정방법에 의한 Si 웨이퍼 표면의 금속 불순물 제거기구는 Si표면 금속오염의 하단층에 생성된 $SiO_2H^+$/ 및 $e^-$와 반응하여 $SiO^*$상태로 휘발될 때 금속불순물이 $SiO^*$에 묻어서 함께 제거되는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide the necessary fundamental data in composing a systematic text content of the public health by analyzing each text, domain, and teaching contents suggested in the textbooks as well as teachers' guides of the 7th elementary school education curriculum, while the study subjects were as follows. 1. The health education content suggested in the 7th physical education curriculum were analyzed and examined. 2. The health teaching content of each textbook in the 7th elementary school curriculum was to be analyzed and examined. In order to resolve the above research issues, the physical, spiritual, and social domain along with the (1) Proper living habit, (2) Health and nutrition, (3) Sex education, (4) Prevention of the sense-organic diseases, (5) Cleanliness of food, (6) Oral hygiene, (7) Individual health and public health, (8) Safety in living, (9) Abuse and usage of medication, educational content suggested in the 7tand (10) Environment pollution focused around the health of the elementary school education curriculum was analyzed and its outcome was as below First, compared with the 6th elementary school education curriculum, the health content suggested in the 7th elementary school education curriculum was decreased. Second, although each grade's teaching content of the health domain in the physical education was considered in its structure following after the according systems, they were preponderant in partial subjects such as the safety in living, nutrition, proper living habit, sport, and health in sport. oo. Third, the health education content was organized in 4 units such as the physical growth and development, prevention of diseases, safe living, and leisure living(leisure, spiritual health, and etc.) for the 3rd and 4th grade. Then, as for 5th and 6th grade, it was organized in 3 units such as the understanding the human body, prevention of disease, and leisure and safe living. Fourth, in the physical educational health domain, a strong point was constructed within the physical, spiritual, and social areas of the elementary school physical education. Fifth, the number of the public health education contents directly related with the health education was 43 as with 25 indirect contents. Sixth, each grade's domain unit structure of the public health content was heavy upon the physical and social area throughout every grade while in opposite, the spiritual domain' s unit structure was weak. In according to each grade, the physical domain was stressed in 4, 5, and 6 grades while the social domain was stressed in 1, 5, and 6 grades.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 1975

The concept and definition of nursing and her role have been changing in accordance with the socio-cultural factors of the initial society. At present, nursing is conceptualized as a health care profession assisting man to restore, maintain and promote health by providing knowledge, wilt strength and resources through various processes of interaction. Man′s behavior, of individual and group activities for health inclusive, is driven by the initial man′s value orientation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the value orientation regarding health of rural health center milieu in order to give data for; 1. the planning for the delivery of community nursing service, 2. the health education plan at all level of nursing care activities, and 3. the planning of curriculum for nursing education. A hundred opinion leaders among the labor population residing in rural areas (P-group), hundred and six professional nurses at rural health centers (N-group) were indirectly interviewed through questionaries. And ninety five of N-group were interviewed likewise of their perceptions of P-group (NP-group) from July 15, to October 15, 1974. The result is as follows: 1. Maintenance of health is revealed to be the most valued component for man′s happiness in all the three groups. (P-group: 7.30 S. D.=1.31), (N-group :7.84 S. D. =49), and (NP-group : 5.93 S. D. =2.28) 2. The average value score of the maintenance of health revealed significant difference by P〈.001 level between each of the three groups. (Between N-group and P-group : T= -4.07 P and NP ; T=-6.93, N and NP: T=-9.35) 3. Basic health maintenance activities necessary for maintenance and promotion of personal health were moderately valued by all the three groups, P-group ; 3.74 (S. D. =.43) , N-group: 3.52 (S. D. =.34), NP-group: 3.07 (S. D. :.55) Among the 8 categories of basic health maintenance activities, "food intake" was highly valued by P-group (mean value score; 4.00 S. D=.51) , "exercise and rest" and "personal cleanliness" was highly valued by both P-group (4.02, 4.08) and N-group (4.08, 4.22). 4. The mean value score of basic health maintenance activities revealed significant difference by P〈.001 level between each of the three groups (between P-group and N-group: T=-4, 07, N-and NP: T=-6.93, P and NP T=-9.35) 5. Among the 30 questionaries, dynamic activities for health maintenance were more valued in comparison to passive activities in an tile three groups. 6. In N-group, correlation between the value of basic health maintenance activities and the personal health status personal revealed moderate significance. Correlation between the value of basic health maintenance activities and the age revealed low significance. 7. In group, correlation between the value of basic health maintenance activities and; perception of personal health status revealed non significance, between the age and sex revealed low sign affiance, and between the educational status revealed moderate significance. Recommendations are as follows ; 1. The efforts towards alteration of value orientation concerning health in general in community nursing practice de focussed be that of family Planning. 2. In order to prepare professional nurses competent in understanding individual and group, social science and behavioral science be strength ended in planning nursing curriculum. 3. Milieu of nursing experience during nursing education be Planned to begin at simple nursing problem and move towards complex, f. e. home care towards health crisis situation in order to achieve dynamic role mastery.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2020

교통분야의 환경오염, 석유자원고갈, 지구온난화 문제 등으로 내연기관 중심의 기존 교통시스템은 전기화를 기반으로 빠르게 재편되고 있다. 이에 수송효율이 뛰어난 친환경 대중교통수단이 향후 시장에 지속적으로 보급될 예정이다. 본 연구는 친환경 대중교통 수단들의 성공적인 도입을 위하여 대중교통 수단들의 기술적·사회적 요인들에 대한 이용 승객들의 인지적 특성을 비교분석하여 서비스 향상을 위한 방향 제시를 목표로 한다. 설문조사(N=485)를 통해 7가지 교통수단(전기버스, 수소버스, 경유버스, CNG버스, 지하철, 전기택시, 내연기관 택시)에 대한 7가지 요인(친환경성, 차내 청결성, 혼잡성, 도시 이미지, 가격경쟁력, 좌석 편안함, 승차감)의 평가가 진행되었으며, 이를 주성분분석을 활용해 분석하였다. 분석결과 잠재적 이용 승객들은 친환경 버스의 친환경성 및 도시 이미지 상승에 큰 기대를 가지고 있었으며, 기존 버스대비 차내 청결성 및 승차감도 뛰어날 것이라는 인식을 가지고 있음이 확인되었다. 연구 결과를 통하여 친환경 대중교통 수단들에 대한 승객들의 인지적 특성을 파악할 수 있었으며, 이들 결과가 친환경 교통수단의 이미지 포지셔닝 및 서비스 향상을 위한 기초 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2006

Objective: The aim of this study was to introduce newly developed cooperation group standards of acupuncture needles for single use and to make a contribution to the future development of Korean Industrial Standards (KS) of acupuncture needles for single use. Results and Conclusion: Quality assurance and quality control with high safety profile is one of the most critical issues in medical device manufacturing. Up to now, proper attention has not been paid to this issue with respect to acupuncture needles for single use and their related devices. We, therefore, organized a committee to make guidelines to produce an acupuncture needle with high quality and safety. In the committee, we reviewed the topic from an historical viewpoint, and investigated the current situation of the standardization of acupuncture needles in other developed countries. Finally, we developed the cooperation group standards in advance of development of KS on the acupuncture needles for single use. The standards are composed of 12 sections describing: Scope, Normative references, Definitions, Materials, Configuration, Appearance and Cleanliness, Quality, Sterilization and Safety, Processing of Surface and Coating Material, Test, Packaging, and Labeling. We hope that the standards would be useful guidelines to produce high quality acupuncture needles and play an important role in the development of KS in the future.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2016

목적: 소비자들이 안경원을 어떻게 선택하는지에 관한 안경원 선택속성에 관한 중요도 순서와 안경원을 어떤 경로로 선택하게 되는지를 알 수 있는 정보원천에 관한 중요도의 순서를 매겨 안경원 경영에 도움이 되는 연구를 하고자 한다. 방법: 2015년 3월 10일부터 3월 31일 사이에 서울과 경기북부지역의 안경원을 방문한 고객을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 분석방법은 기술통계를 사용하였으며 SPSS v.10.0 통계 패키지 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 안경원 선택속성 중요도 상위 5개는 "직원의 친절과 예의", "안경원의 청결", "고객 불만에 직원의 신속한 해결", "직원의 시력검사 및 조제가공실력", "고객 불만과 요구 처리"로 나타났다. 안경원 선택속성 중요도 하위 5개는 "사은품제공", "안경원의 규모나 크기", "개점시간 및 폐점시간", "편리한 주차시설", "호감 있는 직원 용모"인 것으로 나타났다. 안경원 정보원천 중요도 상위 2가지는 "과거의 이용경험", "가족, 친구, 친척 등의 추천으로"인 것으로 나타났다. 안경원 정보원천 중요도 하위 2가지는 "광고 등을 보고"와 "안경원의 특별한 외장을 보고"로 나타났다. 결론: 안경원 경영에서 중요한 점은 광고, 외관, 사은품과 같은 외적인 면보다는 안경사의 실력, 진심어린 고객응대, 과거의 이용경험 등의 내적역량인 것으로 나타났다.