• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2012

Monitoring of system cleanliness levels and counting of particulate contaminant are fundamental to achieving hydraulic system reliability as any departure from the specified cleanliness level is often a precursor to future failures. On-line monitoring of cleanliness levels has the advantage of giving data both very quickly and accurately as environmental influences are eliminated. In this way, corrective actions can be promptly implemented. Most on-line instruments are sensitive to system conditions to a greater or lesser extent, but Automatic Particle Counters (APCs) working on light extinction principles are especially sensitive to the presence of optical interfaces caused by such conditions as fluid mixtures, emulsions, free water and air bubbles. These conditions give erroneous data and can result in drawing incorrect conclusions, wasting maintenance time and ultimately, reduced user confidence in cleanliness monitoring. This paper describes such conditions and shows how the correct selection of the analysis technique can result in reliable cleanliness level data.

• 유공압시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유공압시스템학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.126-131
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• 2010

In order to improve the life and reliability of fluid components used in the Automotive, Hydraulics and Aerospace industries, the cleanliness of the system parts and components before their assembly into the system is being addressed. The measurement of components and parts cleanliness is related to contaminant collection, analysis and data reporting and ISO Standard are continually being developed to control procedures. This Paper explains the processes in these standards and explains how similar procedures have been adapted to suit the requirements of the respective Industry. It also gives guidance and recommendations on the implementation of these standards, so that best use can be made of them.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.99-111
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• 1977

One of the fundamental provisions that a hospital requires is the environmental safety through cleanliness s. The effective management of atmospheric conditions, i. e. air purity, cleanliness of facilities furnitures and bed- linen instruments are direct- environment of hospitalized patients. Meeting physical cleanliness needs of patients, application of aseptic teaching while carrying out nursing measures and the cleanliness of hospital personnel are another categories of concern. This study was carried out, from March through April 1976, to investigate the degree of satisfaction on cleanliness that patients perceived, and to compare with that of nurses on their nursing performances. 44 questionaries categorized into 6 major concern were used. For the survey, 269 patients and 191 nurses of 3 general hospitals in Taegu: kyung-puk University Hospital, Presbyterian Mission Hospital, and Catholic Patima Hospital and 116 senior nursing students from Kyung-Puk University and Presbyterian School of Nursing were randomly sampled. Results are as follows : 1. Mean satisfaction score on cleanliness revealed to be average on patients, on nursing performance for cleanliness revealed to be average in nursing students and relatively high in graduate nurses. 2. Mean score of patients revealed to be significantly lower in comparison with that of nursing. 3. Mean score of nurses revealed to be significantly higher in comparison with that of nursing students. 4. Mean score of patients revealed to be significantly lower in comparison with nursing students. 5. Mean satisfaction score of patient3 in all categories revealed to be the lowest in the rank order . 6. The lowest categorial mean score revealed to be the linen and instrument in all three groups. Recommendations 1. A more satisfactory mean of cleaning (medical asperses of mouth thermometers needs to be developed. 2. Further investigation to clarify the difference between patients and nurses on hospital cleanliness is recommended.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 1996

The effect of atmospheric gas on the surface cleanliness in the batch annealing furnace(BAF) is presented. It is very important to improve the surface cleanliness to investigate the surface defects such as carbon contamination, smudge and yellow color phenomenon on the surface of steel sheet. In order to study the occurrence of surface defects of steel sheet, the annealing operations were carried out in the H2 BAF with 75% hydrogen and conventional BAF with 4% hydrogen. The hydrogen is important factor that affect the energy saving in the entire annealing cycle and the surface cleanliness. In the conventional BAF, it shows that to protect the yellow color phenomenon the proper finish temperature is $80^{\circ}C$ and in the smudge sample the oxidized thickness has the depth of $120{\AA}$.

• 감성과학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2015

물리적 청결과 도덕적 판단에 대한 기존의 실험 연구들은 청결 관련 개념이 활성화될 때 사람들은 도덕적으로 더 엄격해 진다는 것을 보고하였다. 하지만 원래 가지고 있는 개인 간 청결 욕구의 차이와 도덕적 판단의 관계는 아직 명확하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 설문조사를 통해 개인이 평상시에 느끼는 청결 욕구와 도덕적 판단이 관련이 있는지(연구 1), 그리고 실험적으로 조작된 물리적 청결 수준이 청결 욕구와 도덕적 판단간의 관계에 영향을 미치는지(연구 2)를 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 참가자들은 일상생활 속에서 본인이 가지고 있는 청결 욕구가 높을수록 도덕적 판단 기준 또한 엄격하였으며 평소 청결에 대한 욕구가 높지 않은 참가자들은 상대적으로 도덕적 판단 기준이 온화한 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 실험적으로 청결 수준을 조작하였을 때에도 동일하게 나타났으며 물리적 청결 수준에 따른 도덕적 판단의 평균 차이는 유의미하지 않았다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2012

This paper explains how eliminating contamination from the manufacturing processes will lead to better product quality and hence the need for reworking, a trouble free commissioning period and greatly improved production efficiency. All of these will reduce costs and energy usage. It will also ensure that the product is delivered to the customer in a condition that will ensure improved reliability and longer life, again reducing both energy and other operating costs. Correctly designing the contamination control measures will achieve and maintain the level of fluid cleanliness that is required by the end user. The filter is critical to cleanliness management and should be selected with the same degree of thought and consideration as for other major components. This paper explains the role that Cleanliness Management plays in the reducing the carbon footprint of systems and processes by making them perform more efficiently for longer periods. It also examines two differing ways of selecting filters to incorporate the features of newer designs, and shows how significant savings in the costs of ownership can be achieved using these approaches.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with sanitation and cleanliness regarding the importance of family restaurant employees in the Ulsan and Busan areas. Accordingly, this study conducted a suey questionnaire consisting of 28 measures of food-service as well as major subject descriptors. From the results, the frequency, descriptive, factor, correspondence analysis, major findings and marketing implications could be summarized as follows: First, 6 factors were extracted: cooking and control factor, food and tableware handling factor, personal cleanliness condition factor, purchase and receiving factor, unit food material store factor and Kitchen utensil sanitation factor. KMO and Bartlett' stest statistics showed that the data fitted the factor analysis well. Results of factor analysis, average variance extracted estimates and shared variance showed that the convergent and discriminant validity of 6 factors are supported and Cronbach's alpha showed that the internal consistency of the 6 factors was supported. Second, correspondence analysis indicated that statistically significant relationships existed between some of the family restaurant employee sanitation and cleanliness factors and the family restaurant enterprise.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1985

Lamellar tearing susceptibility and through-thickness tensile ductility have been investigated in $40kg/mm^2 and 50kg/mm^2$ class tensile strength steel plates in terms of cleanliness of non-metallic inclusion and welding condition. The plate which had 0.01% cleanliness of A-type inclusion (MnS) had 61% of the reduction of area in the through-thickness direction and did not show lamellar tearing. Lamellar tearing susceptibility decreased with increasing the preheat and interpass temperature. The plate which had 0.04% cleanliness of A-type inclusion did not show lamellar tearing under the condition of 75.deg. C of preheat and interpass temperature.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to explore the health and illness concepts of hospitalized children. The subjects were 129 hospitalized children from 3 to 12 years old in one general hospital. Data were collected through semistructured interviews by authors. This study was conducted from Jun. 1, 2000 to Dec. 31, 2000. Data were coded and categorized by content analysis. The results were as follows : 1. Perceived health concept were physical well-being, food, exercise, powerfulness, emotional stability, obeidence, cleanliness, sleep and ability of social adaptation. 2. Perceived health behavior to maintain health were food, treatment, exercise, cleanliness, obeidence, sleep, emotional stability, power-fulness and psychological stability, physical well-being. 3. Perceived prevention of illness were food, cleanliness, treatment, exercise, obedience, sleep, powerfulness, psychological stability, emotional stability, recreation and ability of social adaptation. 4. Perceived causes of illness were illness, trauma and food. 5. Perceived treatment of illness were treatment, sleep, rest, food, obedience, emotional stability, psychological stability, cleanliness, exercise and powerfulness.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2012

This paper explains how eliminating contamination from the manufacturing processes will lead to better product quality and hence the need for reworking, a trouble free commissioning period and greatly improved production efficiency. All of these will reduce costs and energy usage. It will also ensure that the product is delivered to the customer in a condition that will ensure improved reliability and longer life, again reducing both energy and other operating costs. Correctly designing the contamination control measures will achieve and maintain the level of fluid cleanliness that is required by the end user. The filter is critical to cleanliness management and should be selected with the same degree of thought and consideration as for other major components. This paper explains the role that Cleanliness Management plays in the reducing the carbon footprint of systems and processes by making them perform more efficiently for longer periods. It also examines two differing ways of selecting filters to incorporate the features of newer designs, and shows how significant savings in the costs of ownership can be achieved using these approaches.