• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.06a
• /
• pp.796-799
• /
• 2007

In the bench scale test unit consisting of four commercial filter elements, the traces of the transient pressure around the nozzle and overpressure in the filter cavity were measured to estimate the effect of nozzle on pulse cleaning. For the given pulse cleaning system, the convergent nozzle displayed better performance than the straight one. The optimum ratio of outlet to inside diameter of convergent nozzle was determined, which minimized the pulse gas consumption and maximized the entrainment effect. The angle and height of nozzle convergent part was also optimum operational condition, which is meaningful to the industrial applying.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.147-150
• /
• 2002

In this study, we evaluated the dilute HF Cleaning to reduce residual defects made by W CMP process. But, One point we should focus is It should not effect to metal thin film reliability. The purpose of this test is to verify barrier metal damage during HF cleaning and based on this result we get rid of slurry residue defect which is main defect of W CMP process for the better yield.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.521-530
• /
• 1993

According to the Montreal Protocol, CFC 113, one of the ozone-depleting substances, will be prohibited to use as a cleaning solvent essentially in the electronic industry. Therefore, the development of the alternative cleaning solvents to CFC 113 is being accelerated. A number of the alternative cleaning solvents are avialable on the market. The alternatives of Axarel 32(DuPont), Cleanthru 750H(KAO Chemical), and EC-Ultra(Petroferm) are chosen for the comparison of cleaning performance with CFC 113. The test methods for measuring the cleaning performance were composed of the measurement of the physical properties, the experiments on the material compatibility with cleaning solvents, the measurement of the evaporation rate, and finally the experiments of the removal efficiency. Normally the basic physical properties of the alternatives had higher boiling points, viscosity and surface tension, which were quite different to those of CFC 113. In terms of solubility of rosin-based flux, the solubilities of abietic acid (nonpolar organic) were similar, but those of the activator (polar organic) in the alternatives were better than CFC 113. The evaporation of the alternatives was very slow, compared to CFC 113, which had much lower boiling point. All the cleaning solvents showed the good material compatibility with FR4 and Cu-coated PCB. The better removal efficiencies of abietic acid were obtained when using the ultrasonic mechanical energy over the dipping method. The experiments also indicated the very slow-eavaporating solvent was not desirable with the dipping cleaning method, and the differences in the removal efficiency of the alternatives with the ultrasonic cleaning method were negligible. Among the alternatives, the overall cleaning performances were obsorved as almost similar. Before selecting the ultimate cleaning solvent, the application of cleaning machine, environmental issues, and economics are simultaneously considered with the cleaning performance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2005

$Na_2CO_3$. Sodium orthosilicate (Na-OSi), Tetronix T-701 (T-701), Na-dioctyl sulfosuccinate (303C), Newpol PE-68 (PE-68), MJU-100A, and tetrasodium pyrophosphate were blended to prepare high performance alkaline cleaning agents (ACASs). The results of cleaning test with steel specimen showed that ACAS-6 ($Na_2CO_3$ 50g/Na-OSi 35g/T-701 20g/303C 18g/PE-68 17g/MJU-100A 10g/TSPP 20g/ water 180g mixture) had a good cleaning power. The cleaning power for press-rust preventing oil was 98% and 99% degreasing at 4wt%, $70^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$, respectively ; for quenching oil, the cleaning power of ACAS-6 was 91% degreasing at 4wt% and $70^{\circ}C$. The foam heights measured immediately after foaming by Ross & Miles method and Ross & Clark method at 6wt%, $60^{\circ}C$ were 18mm and 65mm, respectively. It was concluded that ACAS-6 had a good low foaming cleaning agent.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.154-159
• /
• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of different final irrigation regimens in canal and isthmus of mandibular molars, and to evaluate the influence of related variables on cleaning efficacy of the irrigation systems. Materials and Methods: Mesial root canals from 60 mandibular molars were prepared and divided into 4 experimental groups according to the final irrigation technique: Group C, syringe irrigation; Group U, ultrasonics activation; Group SC, VPro StreamClean irrigation; Group EV, EndoVac irrigation. Cross-sections at 1, 3 and 5 mm levels from the apex were examined to calculate remaining debris area in the canal and isthmus spaces. Statistical analysis was completed by using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test for comparison among groups, and multivariate linear analysis to identify the significant variables (regular replenishment of irrigant, vapor lock management, and ultrasonic activation of irrigant) affecting the cleaning efficacy of the experimental groups. Results: Group SC and EV showed significantly higher canal cleanliness values than group C and U at 1 mm level (p < 0.05), and higher isthmus cleanliness values than group U at 3 mm and all levels of group C (p < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that all variables had independent positive correlation at 1 mm level of canal and at all levels of isthmus with statistical significances. Conclusions: Both VPro StreamClean and EndoVac system showed favorable result as final irrigation regimens for cleaning debris in the complicated root canal system having curved canal and/or isthmus. The debridement of the isthmi significantly depends on the variables rather than the canals.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.391-398
• /
• 2013

Fuel consumption in a vessel can be reduced by a hull cleaning which has been performed by the industrial robot. It is most important to attach safely and travel on the hull surface for a hull cleaning robot. In this study, therefore, we have developed a drive control system of the hull cleaning robot that enables a stable drive. In addition, operator's conveniences were reflected on the drive control system for comfort robot operation. Through a drive control experiments conducted at a hull test-bed, we demonstrated the drive control performance and conveniences of the developed drive control system.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.273-284
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE. Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) of implant abutments has been shown to result in surface contamination from site-specific milling and fabrication processes. If not removed, these contaminants can have a potentially adverse effect and may trigger inflammatory responses of the peri-implant tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bacterial disinfection and cleaning efficacy of ultrasonic reprocessing in approved disinfectants to reduce the microbial load of CAD-CAM abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four different types of custom implant abutments (total N = 32) with eight specimens in each test group (type I to IV) were CAD-CAM manufactured. In two separate contamination experiments, specimens were contaminated with heparinized sheep blood alone and with heparinized sheep blood and the test bacterium Enterococcus faecium. Abutments in the test group were processed according to a three-stage ultrasonic protocol and assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by determination of residual protein. Ultrasonicated specimens contaminated with sheep blood and E. faecium were additionally eluted and the dilutions were incubated on agar plates for seven days. The determined bacterial counts were expressed as colony-forming units (CFU). RESULTS. Ultrasonic reprocessing resulted in a substantial decrease in residual bacterial protein to less than 80 ㎍ and a reduction in microbiota of more than 7 log levels of CFU for all abutment types, exceeding the effect required for disinfection. CONCLUSION. A three-stage ultrasonic cleaning and disinfection protocol results in effective bacterial decontamination. The procedure is reproducible and complies with the standardized reprocessing and disinfection specifications for one- or two-piece CAD-CAM implant abutments.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.386-397
• /
• 2023

In this study, the efficacy of ultrasonic washing in cotton and wool fabrics was compared and evaluated against conventional washing in terms of cleaning properties and fabric deformation. Factors such as washing temperature, time, liquid ratio, and detergent concentration were kept varied, and the cleaning properties of sebum-soiled fabrics were assessed using different detergents such as alcohol ethoxylate, linear alkylbenzenesulfonate, and IEC 60456 Reference Detergent A^*. In addition, the effects and emulsification power of enzymes and oxygen bleach were examined. To compare the cleaning properties with general washing, a launder-O-meter was used. To investigate fabric deformation during the washing process, the loosening test cloth, shrinkage test cloth, and mechanical strength test cloth were compared between ultrasonic washing machines and household drum washing machines. The results indicate that ultrasonic washing exhibits superior cleaning properties than launder-O-meter when the temperature is low and the washing time is short. Furthermore, there is less deformation and damage during the washing process. It was also observed that the activity of the detergent increases when ultrasonic waves are applied to the washing process. Considering the increasing tendency to pursue convenience and simplicity in clothing management as well as the anticipated commercialization of smart clothing with built-in electric circuits, ultrasonic laundry could serve as a new alternative to existing laundry methods.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2017

In this study, a new cleaning method using carbon dioxide pellet in the part of underground pipe cleaning method was proposed and verified. First of all, the commentary of The Society for Protective Coatings was examined in detail to determine the quantitative cleaning effects. Also, field tests were carried out to confirm the application of the new method. In the test, the surface condition of inner pipe after the application of the new method was investigated and two types of nozzles were compared in the tests. Also, the tests to measure the final impact pressure of air and carbon dioxide pellet mixtures were performed to investigate the losses of air pressure were investigated. Through this verification on the new method, it was found that the new method is very efficient for the removal of the rust in the pipe cleaning works. Also, the nozzle with excellent cleaning effect was also selected. As a result, this method will be able to largely contribute to the recycling of $CO_2$ which is limited to the use as a cooling agent or the storage of waste.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2018

A customized cleaning agent was investigated for improving the performance decreased by the pollution of collecting plates in an electric fume collector (EFC) which was developed and applied for the purification of effluent gas including oil mist from the textile industry. The pollutants on the surface of collecting plates were blackened by the condensation of oil mist for a long time and difficult to remove by general cleaning agents. The composition of an optimized cleaning agent consisted of alkali, alcohol, glycol and non-ionic surfactant sources was determined by considering the pollutant properties and effect on the damage of the basic metal of collecting plate and so on. The developed cleaning agent solution diluted by 9.1% was applied to the field test, and also the pollutants strongly adhered on collecting plate surfaces were successfully removed by a simple spraying method. The effluent gas purification efficiency of EFC increased significantly by cleaning of collecting plates.