• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권1C호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

최근 하천 정비를 통해 하상퇴적토의 오염과 이들 오염준설토의 운송 및 매립에 관한 관심이 고조되고 있으며, 준설토의 함수비를 감소하고자 다양한 노력이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 점토질 슬러리의 침강을 촉진시키기 위하여 동전기적 현상을 적용하였으며, 실내 실험을 통해 슬러리의 침강 촉진에 영향을 미치는 인자를 파악하고자 하였다. 실험결과 동전기적 침강의 경우 자연 상태의 중력 침강에 비해 입자의 침강속도가 현저히 증가함을 알 수 있었으며, 함수비도 현저히 감소함을 확인하였다. 슬러리의 초기함수비 변화는 점토입자의 침강 및 압밀 거동에 중요한 영향을 미치게 되므로 현장 적용 시 효율을 판단하는 중요한 변수로 작용할 것으로 판단된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.1444-1450
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• 2019

The fast-neutron shielding behaviour (FNSB) of two clay-materials (Ball clay and Kaolin)of Southwestern Nigeria ($7.49^{\circ}N$, $4.55^{\circ}E$) have been investigated using effective removal cross section, ${\Sigma}_R(cm^{-1})$, mass removal cross section, ${\Sigma}_{R/{\rho}}(cm^2g^{-1})$ and Mean free path, ${\lambda}$ (cm). These parameters decide neutron shielding behaviour of any material. A computer program - WinNC-Toolkit has been used for computation of these parameters. The toolkit evaluates these parameters by using elemental compositions and densities of samples. The proficiency of WinNC-Toolkit code was probe by using MCNPX and GEANT4 to model fast neutron transmission of the samples under narrow beam geometry, intending to represent the actual experimental setup. Direct calculation of effective removal cross section ($cm^{-1}$) of the samples was also carried out. The results from each of the methods for each types of the studied clay-materials (Ball clay and Kaolin) shows similar trend. The trend might be the fingerprint of water content retained in each of the samples being baked at different temperature. The compositions of each sample have been obtained by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique (Tandem Pelletron Accelerator: 1.7 MV, Model 5SDH). The FNSB of the selected clay-materials have been compared with standard concrete. The cognizance of various factors such as availability, thermo-chemical stability and water retaining ability by the clay-samples can be analyzed for efficacy of the material for their FNSB.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1992년도 가을학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.47-54
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• 1992

When marine clay is hydraulically dredged from seabed and pumped into the pond enclosed by contatinment dykes, marine clay is mixed and flocculated with water and then settled. At this time, the fines will interact with the water to form a Bingham plastic slurry which has non-Newtonian characteristics. The dredged slurry has different physical properties depending on settling locations and settling depths in the pond and has few hundred percent of water content and almost nil of shear strenght. In order to make this condition of the dredged slurry the final formation for public use within a short period, sand spreading method to enhance the support capacity of the dredged slurry is developed. In this paper, the effect of sand mixing into the dredged slurry of this method is analyzed based on reference study, laboratory tests and actual construction results.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.427-434
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• 2000

Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement was measured as a function of some selected construction variables that are often encountered in practice. They are initial (or compaction) water content, delayed compaction after mixing, and repeated freezing and thawing. Sandy and clayey soils were used. The hardening agent used was a cement based soil stabilizer consisting of 80% of ordinary Portland cement and 20% of a combination of supplementary materials. Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement with varying initial water content was, in trend, similar to that of compacted clay. Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement decreased with increasing initial water content and reached its minimum when compacted wet of optimum water content. Pore size distributions of soil cement at different initial water contents were analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The analysis showed that dryer condition led to the formation of larger pores with lesser total pore volume; smaller pores with larger total pore volume at wetter condition. Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement increased by orders in magnitude when specimen underwent delayed compaction of longer than 4 hours after mixing and repeated freezing and thawing.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2022

The direct shear test is commonly used to evaluate the shear behavior of frozen soil-structure interfaces under normal stress. However, failure criteria, such as the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, are needed to obtain the unconfined shear strength. Hence, the punch shear test, which is usually used to estimate the shear strength of rocks without confinement, was examined in this study to directly determine the adfreezing strength. It is measured as the shear strength of the frozen soil-structure interface under unconfined conditions. Different soils of silica sand, field sand, and field clay were prepared inside the steel and concrete ring structures. Soil and ring structures were frozen at the target temperature for more than 24 h. A punch shear test was then conducted. The test results show that the adfreezing strength increased with a decrease in the target temperature and increase in the initial water content, owing to the increase in ice content. The adfreezing strength of field clay was the smallest when compared with the other soil specimens because of the large amount of unfrozen water content. The field sand with the larger normalized roughness showed greater adfreezing strength than the silica sand with a lower normalized roughness. From the experiment and analysis, the applicability of the punch shear test was examined to measure the adfreezing strength of the frozen soil-structure interface. To find a proper sample dimension, supplementary experiments or numerical analysis will be needed in further research.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.827-836
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• 2016

The rate of softening is an important factor to determine whether the failure occurs along localized shear band or in a more diffused manner. In this paper, strength loss and softening rate effect depending on sensitivity are investigated for weakly cemented clays, for both artificially cemented high plasticity San Francisco Bay Mud and low plasticity Yolo Loam. Destructuration and softening behavior for weakly cemented sensitive clays are demonstrated and discussed through multiple vane shear tests. Artificial sensitive clays are prepared in the laboratory for physical modeling or constitutive modeling using a small amount of cement (2 to 5%) with controlled initial water content and curing period. Through test results, shear band thickness is theoretically computed and the rate of softening is represented as a newly introduced parameter, ${\omega}_{80%}$. Consequently, it is found that the softening rate increases with sensitivity for weakly cemented sensitive clays. Increased softening rate represents faster strength loss to residual state and faster minimizing of shear band thickness. Uncemented clay has very low softening rate to 80% strength drop. Also, it is found that higher brittleness index ($I_b$) relatively shows faster softening rate. The result would be beneficial to study of physical modeling for sensitive clays in that artificially constructed high sensitivity (up to $S_t=23$) clay exhibits faster strain softening, which results in localized shear band failure once it is remolded.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.639-646
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• 2000

It is important to estimate the mechanical properties of clay since it is directly related to the design and the construction of geotechnical structures. Site exploration, which is composed of boring, sampling, in-situ, or laboratory tests, is preformed to estimate the mechanical properties. However, mechanical properties of clay measured from laboratory test may be different from in-situ properties due to disturbances occurred during sampling, transportation, storage, and trimming. In this study, the degree of disturbance according to sampling method was estimated with the test results of CK/sub o/U triaxial compression test on Yangsan clay. The soil samples were obtained by three types of sampling method, j.e., 76mm-tube sampler, 76mm-piston sampler, and block sampler. In order to evaluate the quality of samples, volumetric strain, undrained shear strength, secant Young's modulus, and pore pressure coefficient at peak measured from each sample were compared with one another. From the test results, it was observed that mechanical properties of the block and piston samples were more reliable than those of tube samples. But it was observed that the water content of piston was similar to that of tube samples at given depths while the water content of block samples was 14.3∼15.8% smaller than that of piston and tube samples. In addition to the evaluation of the quality of samples, relationship between c/sub u// σ/sub vc/'and OCR was established from the results of the CK/sub o/U triaxial compression tests, which were carried out using SHANSEP method. And also undrained shear strength was analyzed using the in-situ test data such as Cone Penetration Test(CPT), Dilatometer Test(DMT), and Field Vane Test(FVT) and was compared with that evaluated from CK/sub o/U triaxial compression test.

• 지질공학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2021

산사태 연구에서 풍화대 안에 분포하는 점토광물의 함유량은 매우 중요한 요소이다. 산사태 발생과 관련된 지하 구조를 파악하고 미끌림 면을 확인하기 위해 일반적으로 지구물리탐사를 수행하는데 특히 전기비저항 단면이 많이 사용된다. 이 연구에서는 풍화대에 분포하는 카올리나이트와 몬모릴로나이트와 같은 점토광물에 의한 전기전도도의 증가효과(전기비저항의 감소효과)를 해석하기 위해 병렬모델 아치의 방정식을 이용하였다. 점토의 전기전도도는 광물의 종류 및 그 비표면적과 양이온 교환능력에 따라 달라진다. 간극수의 전기비저항이 증가함에 따라 매질의 전체 비저항과 지층인자는 작아지는데 카올리나이트에 비해 몬모릴로나이트가 훨씬 작게 나타난다. 또한 공극률이 커지고, 고결인자가 작아질수록 지층인자가 감소하는 것으로 나타난다. 점토광물에 대한 병렬모델 아치의 방정식을 현장자료에 적용하기 위해 2014년 땅밀림 산사태가 일어난 충남 태안 신진도리에서 수집되어 처리·해석된 전기비저항자료를 사용하였다. 기존의 실험식에서 카올리나이트의 함유량에 따라 결정되는 계수들을 활용하여 풍화대의 전기비저항 값들을 계산하고 이들을 전기비저항 수치모델링에 포함시켰다. 점토 함유량을 변화시켜 만든 여러 개의 이론자료들 중에서 현장자료와 가장 근접하는 모델자료를 선택하여 이에 입력된 점토 함유량 10%를 이 지역의 풍화대에 대한 점토 함유량으로 추정하였다. 땅밀림 연구에서 처음 시도된 전기비저항 자료를 이용한 점토 함유량의 추정기법은 차후 점토 함유량 외에 전기비저항에 영향을 미치는 다른 인자(공극률, 포화도, 간극수의 전기비저항)들에 대한 자료를 확보하고 이들을 수치모델링에 먼저 포함시켜 수행할 때 더욱 그 신뢰성은 더욱 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution pattern of plants on streamside of Kyonganchon, which is a tributary of the Han River, and to determine the relationships between plant distribution and environmental factors. Fifteen study sites were selected along the Kyonganchon, and vegetation distribution pattern and soil environmental factors were determined. The most frequently ocurring species in the study sites were Persicaria thunbergii, Persicaria hydropiper, Echinochloa crus-galli and Bidens frondosa, and among them the two Persicaria species were dominants of the community. Many species showed different distribution along the stream:Chenopodium album, Equisetum arvense and Setaria viridies occurred in the upstream region, while Rumex crispus, Leonurus sibiricus and Rorippa islandica occurred in the middle and downstream regions. Analysis of soil properties showed that organic matter and clay content were higher in the upstream region while sand content was higher in the downstream region. The results of DCA ordination showed that axis one was positively correlated with organic matter and clay content and negatively correlated with sand content, indicating that the distribution pattern of vegetation along the Kyonganchon was determined by elevational gradient from upstream to downstream region or gradient of stream width and water level, and by soil organic matter content and soil texture related to these gradients.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.393-398
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• 2008

시험포장은 수원시에 위치한 국립농업과학원의 기후변화생태과 시험포장에서 고추를 재배하여 식양토와 사양토의 2개 토성을 대상으로 각 관수시점을 -30kPa와 -50kPa에서 온실가스배출에 관여하는 요인인 토양수분, 토양온도, 토양 중 무기태질소를 측정하여, $CO_2$배출 간의 관계와 배출 특성을 구명하고자 하였다. 본 시험의 연구 결과, 토양의 $CO_2$배출량과 무기태질소 그리고 토양온도에서 높은 상관관계가 있었으나, 토양수분과는 상관을 보이지 않았다. 그리고 $CO_2$ 배출량과 토양수분함량과는 상관관계가 없었다. $CO_2$ 배출량과 토양온도 및 무기태질소의 상관계수는 식양토에서 $0.830^{**}$, $0.876^{**}$, 사양토에서 $0.793^{**}$, $0.804^{**}$로 상관은 고도로 유의하였다. 고추 재배기간 143일간 $CO_2$의 작기종합 배출량을 토양 토성에 따라 수분장력별로 처리하여 비교한 결과, 수분장력이 식양토에서 -30kPa에 비해 -50kPa에서 37.5%, 사양토는 50.0% 저감되었으며, 식양토에 비해 사양토에서 21.2~36.9% (-30kPa~-50kPa) 저감되었다. 고추밭에서 온실가스배출에 관여하는 무기태질소, 토양수분함량, 토양온도 등의 요인들 중 온실가스배출에 어느 정도 영향을 주는가를 정량적으로 분석하기위하여, $CO_2$배출에 대한 기여도를 평가하였다. $CO_2$배출에 대한 각 요인들 간의 기여도는 토양온도 (식양토; 46.6, 사양토; 69.7%), 무기태질소 (39.3, 26.2%), 토양수분함량 (14.1, 4.1%) 순으로 나타나, $CO_2$배출에 관여하는 요인 중 가장 영향을 미치는 요인은 토양온도로 나타났다.