• Title/Summary/Keyword: Clavulanic acid

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Distribution of Pathogenic Genes and Molecular Typing of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from Spring Water in Seoul

  • Kim, Mi-Sun;Shim, Mi-Ja
    • Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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    • 2003.10b
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    • pp.161.2-161.2
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    • 2003
  • In order to investigate the pathogenic genes and genetic relationships of Y. pseudotuberculosis, we isolated 9 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis from about 380 spring water sites in Seoul and carried out antibiotic susceptibility test, biological test and molecular typing. All isolated strains were distributed throughout the northeast area in Seoul (Mt. Bookhan, Mt. Soorak, Mt. Boolam and etc...).Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all the strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, neomycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, but were resistant to novobiocin and vancomycin. (omitted)

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Antimicrobial Resistance and Implicated Genes of E. coli Isolated from Commercial and Cooked Foods in Seoul (서울시내 유통식품에서 분리한 대장균의 항생제 내성 및 내성유전자)

  • Yoo, Young-Ah;Kim, Moo-Sang;Kim, Kyong-Sik;Park, Sun-Hee;Jung, Sung-Kuk
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.220-225
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    • 2010
  • Distribution of foodborne E. coli strains, antimicrobial resistant genes and antimicrobial susceptibility have been carried out on E. coli isolated from commercial and cooked foods distributed food in Seoul. Of total 1,313 samples, fifty samples(3.8%) were found E. coli that included one of the ETEC and EPEC, respectively. The serotype of ETEC in seasoning raw meat was E. coli O26 and produced Verotoxin 2. Fifty percentage of total isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents. Specially, there were ampicillin(36%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(32%) and tetracycline(22%) etc. Resistant gene (tetB) were found in four tetracycline resistant E. coli strains, and TEM gene was found in one ampicillin resistant E. coli isolate.

Evaluation of Microbial Load in Oropharyngeal Mucosa from Tannery Workers

  • Castellanos-Arevalo, Diana C.;Castellanos-Arevalo, Andrea P.;Camarena-Pozos, David A.;Colli-Mull, Juan G.;Maldonado-Vega, Maria
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.62-70
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    • 2015
  • Background: Animal skin provides an ideal medium for the propagation of microorganisms and it is used like raw material in the tannery and footware industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate and identify the microbial load in oropharyngeal mucosa of tannery employees. Methods: The health risk was estimated based on the identification of microorganisms found in the oropharyngeal mucosa samples. The study was conducted in a tanners group and a control group. Samples were taken from oropharyngeal mucosa and inoculated on plates with selective medium. In the samples, bacteria were identified by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and the yeasts through a presumptive method. In addition, the sensitivity of these microorganisms to antibiotics/antifungals was evaluated. Results: The identified bacteria belonged to the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Neisseriaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae, of which some species are considered as pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms; these bacteria were not present in the control group. Forty-two percent of bacteria identified in the tanners group are correlated with respiratory diseases. Yeasts were also identified, including the following species: Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, and Candida krusei. Regarding the sensitivity test of bacteria identified in the tanners group, 90% showed sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam, 87% showed sensitivity to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, 74% showed sensitivity to ampicillin/sulbactam, and 58% showed sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Conclusion: Several of the bacteria and yeast identified in the oropharyngeal mucosa of tanners have been correlated with infections in humans and have already been reported as airborne microorganisms in this working environment, representing a health risk for workers.

Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates from Canine Patients in Korea

  • Yoon, Jang-Won;Lee, Ki-Jong;Lee, So-Young;Chae, Min-Joo;Park, Jae-Keun;Yoo, Jong-Hyun;Park, Hee-Myung
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.20 no.12
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    • pp.1764-1768
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    • 2010
  • In this study, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance was examined among 74 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains recently isolated from clinical cases of canine pyoderma and otitis externa at the veterinary teaching hospital at Konkuk University, Korea. Bacterial resistance to the nine commonly used antibiotics was evaluated by a standard disk diffusion technique based on the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The results demonstrated that most S. pseudintermedius isolates were resistant to penicillin (95.9%) or tetracycline (91.9%), but highly susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (90.5%). Among the 74 isolates, 13 mecA-positive and methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains were identified, displaying a high level of resistance (84.6-100%) to each of the individual antibiotics evaluated, with the exception of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (46.2% resistance). Notably, all of the MRSP isolates exhibited simultaneous resistance to four or more different antibiotics, indicating that they are multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains. Taken together, these results imply that more careful selection or prescription of antibiotics for canine pyoderma and otitis externa should be required for reducing the emergence and/or spread of MDR strains, especially MDR-MRSP isolates, in veterinary pet clinics in Korea.

Recurrent Superficial Pyoderma Caused by Mixed Infection of Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius in a Yorkshire Terrier Dog (요크셔테리어종 개에 발생한 Proteus mirabilis와 Staphylococcus pseudointermedius혼합 감염에 의한 재발성표재성농피증 증례)

  • Jeong, Hyo-Hoon;Oh, Tae-Ho
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.538-541
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    • 2011
  • An 8-year-old spayed Yorkshire Terrier Dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Kyungpook National University because of the recurrent superficial pyoderma. At the presentation, pustules and papules were present throughout the body. Numerous rods with a few cocci were observed on impression smears and they were confirmed to be Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius consecutively. The patient was treated with systemic enrofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid based on the results of antimicrobial sensitivity tests with once a week basis 4% chlorhexidine shampoo. An excellent clinical response was achieved in 2 weeks of therapy and the lesions were fully resolved in 6 weeks. The possibility of P. mirabilis infection should not be overlooked by clinicians in dogs with recurrent superficial pyoderma although it's been considered to be rare.

Trend of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Multiple drug Resistance Patterns of Salmonella entericia Serovar Enteritidis Isolated from Foodborne Patients in Seoul between 2001 and 2005 (최근 5년간 서울시내 식중독 환자에서 분리한 Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis의 항생제 감수성 및 다제 내성 특성)

  • Park Seog-Gee;Kim Moo-Sang;Lee Young-Kee
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2006
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility and multiple drug resistance patterns have been carried out on total of 364 isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from foodborne patients in Seoul from 2001 to 2005. Overall, the highest percentage of resistance was found to the following antimicrobial agents: streptomycin (46.7%), ampicillin (37.3%), ticarcillin (36.7%), tetracycline (36.0%), nalidixic acid (20.7%), chloramphenicol (13.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (6.7%) and Ampicillin/sulbactam (4.0%). Seventy five percentage of isolates were found to be resistant to one or more of the antimicrobes tested. The resistant rates to nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol in S. Enteritidis tested were annually increased but the resistant rate to tetracycline was decreased and the resistant rates to streptomycin, ampcilin and ticarcillin were remained steadily. The most frequent patterns of multiresistant isolates were only nalidixic acid resistant (18.0%) and streptomycin-tetracycline (18.0%), streptomycin-ampicillin-ticarcillin (10%), and ampicillin-ticarcillin (5.5%). Overall the resistant rates of 1 drug was 19.3%,2 drugs 24.7%, 3 drugs 6.7% and 4 or more drugs 24.0%. The resistant rates of 1 drug and 2 drugs in 2005 were increased dramatically.

Characterization of Noble AmpC-Type $\beta$-Lactamases Among Clinical Isolates Using New Expression/Secretion Vector (발현ㆍ분비 벡터 및 임상 균주가 생성하는 신규 AmpC-type $\beta$-lactamase의 특성)

  • 정하일;성광훈;이정훈;장선주;이상희
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.104-110
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    • 2004
  • To determine evolution and genotype of new chromosomal AmpC $\beta$-lactamases among clinical isolates of Enterobacter species, we performed antibiotic susceptibility testing, pI determination, sequencing, and phy-logenetic analysis using developed expression/secretion vector. Six isolates have shown to produce AmpC $\beta$-lactamases. Six genes of AmpC $\beta$-lactamases that are responsible for the resistance to cephamycins (cefoxitin and cefotetan), amoxicillin, cephalothin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were cloned and characterized in pMSG12119. Insert fragment containing the ampC genes was sequenced and found to have an open reading frame coding for 381-amino-acid $\beta$-lactamase. The nucleotide sequence of four ampC genes ($bla_EcloK992004.l$, $bla_EcloK995120.1$, $bla_EcloK99230$, and $bla_EareK9911729$) shared considerable homology with that of chromosomal ampC gene ($bla_EcloMHN1$) of E. cloacae MHN1 (more than 99.6% identity). The sequences of two ampC genes ($bla_EcloK9973$ and $bla_EcloK9914325$) showed close similarity to the chromosomal ampC gene ($bla_EcloQ908R$) of E. clo-acae 908R (99.7% identity). The results from phylogenetic analysis suggested that six ampC genes could be originated from $bla_EcloMHN1$ / or $bla_EcloQ908R$ / MIC patterns and exact pI values of six transformants indicated that the developed expression/secretion vector (pMSG1219) was suitable for the characterization of foreign genes in E. coli strain.

Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inhibiting Gastro-intestinal Pathogenic Bacteria of Domestic Animal. (가축 소화기 병원성 세균을 저해하는 유산균의 분리 및 동정)

  • Lee, Jae-Yeon;Hwang, Kyo-Yeol;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Kim, Geun;Sung, Soo-Il
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.129-134
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    • 2002
  • To isolate probiotic lactic acid bacteria having superior inhibitory activities against animal gastro-intestinal pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella gallinarum, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, 130 strains were initially isolated from the small intestines of Korean native chickens and 7 lactic acid bacteria were finally selected. By using API CHL kit and 16S rRNA sequencing method, the selected lactic acid bacteria were found to be belonged to genus Lactobacillus except BD14 identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus. Especially, Lactobacillus pentosus K34 showed the highest resistancy to both of HCl and bile salt, as well as the highest inhibitory activities against S. gallinarum, S. aureus and E. coli. All the selected strains were sensitive to various antibiotics such as neomycin, erythromycin, cephalosporin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, but resistant to ciprofloxacin. All the selected strains except BL strain were resistant to colistin and streptomycin, and BD14, BD16, K34 strains were resistant to gentamicin.

A Case of Bacteremia by Hafnia alvei (Hafnia alvei에 의한 균혈증 1예)

  • Hong, Seung-Bok;Shin, Kyeong-Seob
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.84-87
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    • 2005
  • Hafnia alvei is a gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacillus that is rarely isolated from human specimens and is rarely considered to be pathogenic. It has been associated with gastroenteritis, pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia, and nosocomial wound infections. But, only one case of extraintestinal H. alvei infection was documented in Korea to our knowledge. A 74-years old women with bronchial tuberculosis and cerebral infarct was admitted to out hospital via the internal medicine department due to the use of anti-tuberculotic agents. The two consecutive blood cultures yielded H. alvei. The organism was susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested, except ampicillin and amoxacillin-clavulanic acid. The patients was treated with ceftriaxone and recovered effectively.

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