• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the difference of vertical movement of mandible according to Angle's molar relationship and by skeletal factors affect to vertical movement of mandible. 172(age ranged from 20 to 30) subjects who go to college within territory of Kwangju city without any experience of temporomandibular disorder, extraction and orthodontic treatment. were selected for this study. The subjects were classified into class I(male:30, female:49), class II(male:18, female:24) and class III(male:18, female:33) according to Angle's molar relationship. The distance was measured between incisal edge of maxillary and mandibular central incisor and between bottom of central fossa of maxillary and mandibular 1st molar with ruler. The arch length and width were measured on the diagnostic cast. Cephalometrics were taken and then traced. Landmarks were identified and analyzed. 1. Maximal interincisal opening of male is larger than that of female in class I, class II and class III. Among each group maximal interincisal distance is the largest in class III. Maximal intermolar distance of male is superior to that of female in class I, class II, and class III, but there is no siginficant difference among them. 2. On maximal opening movement of Angle's classification class I and class II, total mandibular length, mandibular ramal length, madibular inferior border length and upper arch width were important variables and facial length, upper arch length and lower arch length had negative relationship to that. On maximal opening movement of Angle's class III, the upper arch length, the lower arch length and anterior facial length were important variables especially when compared with class I and II, and upper arch width had negative relationship. These results suggest that maximal opening movement is affected by facial morphology in all classes, but each group is affected by different facial skeletal variables. Accordingly, facioskeletal variables might be considered as diagnosis and treatment to improve the amount of mouth opening.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 1984

The prevalence of normal occlusion and malocclusion was assessed by Angle's Classification method for 8989 school students at 7-22 years in Seoul. The occurrence of malocclusion and the need-for orthodontic treatment was 61 per cent among them. Results indicated no significant differences between the sexes for the occlusal relationships of the mandible to the maxille. The prevalence of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion in all malocclusion was shown to be Class I, 45.7 per cent; Class II, 7.6 per cent; and Class III, 7.9 per cent. Class II Division 1 was observed to occur four times frequently compared to Class II Division 2 in Class II malocclusions. Class III malocclusion was shown to occur more frequently compared that of Caucasians.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in masticatory efficiency among patients with different Angle's classes of malocclusion and to assess the correlation between masticatory efficiency and the occlusal contact area. Methods: The mixing ability index (MAI) was calculated for measuring masticatory efficiency of 61 adult patients according to Angle's classifications of malocclusion. The study included 25, 15, and 21 patients with Angle's Class I, II, and III malocclusions, respectively. Silicone interocclusal recording material was used to measure the occlusal contact area. Results: Both the MAI and occlusal contact area showed the highest average values in the Class I malocclusion group, followed by the Class II and Class III malocclusion groups. No significant difference was observed in the MAI values between the Class I and Class II malocclusion groups (p > 0.05), whereas a significant difference was observed between the Class I and Class III malocclusion groups (p < 0.01) and between the Class II and Class III malocclusion groups (p < 0.05). A weak positive correlation was also observed between the MAI and occlusal contact area (p < 0.01, $r^2=0.13$). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that masticatory efficiency was the highest in patients with Angle's Class I malocclusion, followed by those with Angle's Class II and Angle's Class III malocclusions. Moreover, a weak positive correlation was observed between masticatory efficiency and the occlusal contact area.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.197-211
• /
• 2007

With the development of orthodontics and increasing concerns on physical appearance, the number of patients has been steadily increasing. It is quite important not only to make effective cure plans and accurate diagnoses but also to have a thorough grasp of patients' malocclusion types and their occurrence frequency, in addition to patients' personality in order to cure the patients appropriately. This study is based on 946 malocclusion patients who had visited Chong-A Dental Hospital from 1999 to 2004 and investigated their aspects of malocclusion and characteristics of their gender, age and residence. The results are as follows. 1. The number of patients per year had been decreased until 2001, after which year the number had fluctuated. The number was the largest in 1999, 169 and the smallest in 2001, 140. Female occupied 68.0% of the total, twice as many as male, 32.0%) 2. Based on the Angle's classification, 19 or over year - old group was the largest of the total, 59.3% and 6 or younger year - old group, the smallest, 0.5%. The 19 or over year old group was less than a half of the total (47.4%) in 2003 and there were no patients who belonged to the 6 or younger year - old group in 2003 and 2004. 3. Distributions on the types of malocclusion have shown that 39.9 % of the total are in the Class I, the largest, 31.0% in the Class I and 29.2 in the Class II, the smallest. 1) The number of the ClassI was 73, the largest, that of the Class III being 35, the smallest in 1999. On the whole, the number of the Class I accounted for the largest part of the total. 2) The number of male patients in the Class II was the smallest, generally being the largest in the Class I. In case of female, that of the Class III was the smallest. 3) Based on the age, the Class I was the highest in between 7 and 13 age group, the Class III the lowest. The Class I occupied the largest around 40%. 4) In the shape of physiognomy, the meso occupied the largest part among all the Class, of which the Class II was the highest, 64.2%. The bracy was the largest in the Class I, and the dolicho in the Class III. 5) In the profile, the convex shape was the largest in the Class I and II, and especially in the Class II, over 3/4 of the total, 75.4%. In contrast, the direct shape was the largest in the Class III and the sunken shape occupied 33.3%, which was nearly ten times more than the case of the Class I and III. 6) In the asymmetry of physiognomy, the number of patients of the Class IIIwas the largest, 34.1% and that of the Class II, the smallest, 19.5%. It was found that about one fourth of the malocclusion patients were under the asymmetry of physiognomy. 4. In the distribution of patients' residence, 81.4% were from the Seoul Metropolis and 48.2% from Gangnam-Gu where Chong-A Dental Hospital is located and Seocho-Gu and Songpa-Gu which are adjacent to Gangnam-Gu.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.98-107
• /
• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare posterior tooth inclinations, occlusal force, and contact area of adults with different sagittal malocclusions. Methods: Transverse skeletal parameters and posterior tooth inclinations were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography images, and occlusal force as well as contact area were assessed using pressure-sensitive films in 124 normodivergent adults. A linear mixed model was used to cluster posterior teeth into maxillary premolar, maxillary molar, mandibular premolar, and mandibular molar groups. Differences among Class I, II, and III groups were compared using an analysis of variance test and least significant difference post-hoc test. Correlations of posterior dental inclinations to occlusal function were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: In male subjects, maxillary premolars and molars had the smallest inclinations in the Class II group while maxillary molars had the greatest inclinations in the Class III group. In female subjects, maxillary molars had the smallest inclinations in the Class II group, while maxillary premolars and molars had the greatest inclinations in the Class III group. Occlusal force and contact area were not significantly different among Class I, II, and III groups. Conclusions: Premolar and molar inclinations showed compensatory inclinations to overcome anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy in the Class II and III groups; however, their occlusal force and contact area were similar to those of Class I group. In subjects with normodivergent facial patterns, although posterior tooth inclinations may vary, difference in occlusal function may be clinically insignificant in adults with Class I, II, and III malocclusions.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the hyoid bone position and airway in skeletal class III malocclusion and to prove the correlation between airway, hyoid bone position and mandibular position. The sample, considered of 47 class III malocclusion patients for experimmtal group and 52 class I malocclusion students for control group. Twenty three linear and angular measurements about hyoid bone position, airway size, mandibular position were taken from the lateral cephalograms. The differences between skeletal class III malocclusion group and normal occlusion group were compared and the correlation were evaluated statistically. The results obtained were as follows, 1. There were significant difference in S-APH, A-APH, N-APH, LAH-PBR, AA-PNS, PNS-ad between class I and class III malocclusion groups. 2. The hyoid bone was more anteriorly positioned in class III malocclusion group than class I malocclusion group and skeletal airway size in class III malocclusion group was smaller than class I malocclusion group. 3. There were significant difference in several measurements especially vertical and angular measurements of hyoid bone position and airway size between male and female. Usually the measurements in male were larger than female. 4. There were no significant correlation between hyoid bone position and airway size also airway size, and didn't showe significant correlation with mandibular position, 5. S-APH showed negative correlation with Wits appraisal and A-APH, N-APH showed positive correlation with Wits appraisal. On the contrary vertical measurements of hyoid bone position showed positive correlation with lower facial height.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.295-301
• /
• 2018

To obtain denture retention, support, and stability in Class III edentulous cases with flat alveolar ridges and extensive flabby tissue is very difficult. The patient was a 72-year-old male who wore ill-fitting 20 year old dentures made by non-medical institutions. There was flabby tissue on the maxillary anterior ridge. The patient showed Angle Class III skeletal relationship with severe protruded mandible. First, temporary dentures were fabricated to restore the masticatory function, and final dentures were made through non- pressure impression technique and careful the arrangement of the posterior resin teeth. Improvement of the retention and stability of the denture during the occlusal force application is reported.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.473-479
• /
• 2011

Adenylyl cyclase (AC) catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP. The cAMP produced by AC serves as a secondary messenger in a variety of signal transduction pathways, and controls various cellular functions in many organisms. ACs can be grouped into six classes based on their primary amino acid sequences. Eukaryotes and mycobacteria contain only members of class III AC. The catalytic cyclase domains of class III AC are active as dimers: mammalian ACs, which are composed of a single polypeptide with two catalytic cyclase domains, form the active site as a result of intramolecular dimerization of the catalytic cyclase domains. In contrast, mycobacterial ACs function as homodimers, since their polypeptides contain a single catalytic cyclase domain. Six amino acids are required for the catalytic activity of class III AC - two aspartate residues, a lysine-aspartate pair and an arginine-asparagine pair. 16 ACs belonging to the class III were identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and their characteristics are reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 2009

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the pronunciation of Korean vowels in patients with class III malocclusion. 11 adult male patients with class III malocclusion(mean ages 22.3 years) and four adult males with normal occlusion(mean ages 26.5 years) were selected for the analysis of eight Korean monophthongs /ㅣ, ㅔ, ㅐ, ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅡ, ㅜ/. The values and relationships of F1, F2 and F3 were derived from the stable section of target vowel in each sentence, and the analysis using formant plots and vowel triangles' distance and area was conducted to find the features of two groups' vowel distributions. Consequently, it was identified that the pronunciation of males patients with class III malocclusion showed high values of F1 in the low vowels, high values of F2 in the back vowels, and remarkably low position of /ㅏ/. The vowel triangle suggested that the triangle areas of male patients with class III malocclusion were shown wider vertically and narrower horizontally than those of males with normal occlusion. These characteristics could reflect the structural features of class III malocclusion such as the prognathic mandible, low tongue position, and advancement of back position of the tongue.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.537-548
• /
• 1996

To investigate the relationship between the calcification stages of mandibular canines and the skeletal maturity stage of the hand-wrist in subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion, hand-wrist radiographs and panoramic radiographs were taken from subjects of normal occlusions(94 males, 88 females) and Class III malocclusions(75 males, 76 females) who had no systemic diseases and no history of orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment. Fishman's method for the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and Demirijian's method for the calcification stages of mandibular canines were used and analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. In subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion, skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist and calcification of mandibular canines at various ages occured earlier in females than in males(p<0.05). 2. Comparing the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and the calcification stages of mandibular canines between subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion, there were no significant differences between the groups. 3. The correlation coefficient between the calcification stages of mandibular canines and the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist. in subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion showed a high association(p<0.01). 4. In stage 4 of the skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist, the frequency distribution of calcification G stage among the various calcification stages was highest both in normal occlusion and in subjects with Class III malocclusion. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of calcification stages between the groups.