• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.93-114
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• 2017

Under the FTA agreement, preferential tariffs between FTA members will result in tariff reductions. In order to ensure the stable use of the FTA tariff system, it is necessary for the customs authorities to determine whether the origin goods are clearly applicable. This study analyzed the procedure of appeal according to the origin verification system based on the decision made by Korea Customs Service and Tax Tribunal. From this, we examined whether the rate of re-claiming a case rejected in the 'Review System of the Legality Before Taxation' differs. In addition, we carried out a quantitative analysis using bootstrapping technique in order to overcome the scarcity cases of verification of origin among FTA members. The implications of this paper are summarized as follows: First, we tested the hypothesis that the re-claiming rate of Western countries is higher. Second, some issues represented higher re-claiming rate. Third, there was no significant difference between the verification group and the re-claiming rate. Finally, even if an applicant makes a claim again, there is a possibility of being rejected again.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.231-250
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• 2016

The study attempts to consider L/G(Letter of Guarantee) in a different angle, which is internationally used as a way of commercial customs and practices in a case when the consignee wants to receive the goods without the original Bill of Lading, Thus, this study focuses more on verifying the usage of L/G in Mixed Payment System and the range of guarantee responsibility by an issuing bank through case analysis. This case uses a mixed payment method of L/C(Letter of Credit) and T/T(Telegraphic Transfer) in the transaction of goods. The issuing bank of L/C issues L/G with the amount of L/C which is the same as the amount as C/I(Commercial Invoice). However the carrier deliver all goods laden under both L/C and T/T payment with the production of L/G. In this case, because the buyer is unable to pay, the seller makes a claim for damages to the carrier that the carrier delivers the goods to the buyer against L/G. Finally, the judge gives a decision that the issuing bank of L/G should pay the whole amount of the goods. In this case, the main issue of the dispute is the range of guarantee responsibility by the issuing bank of L/G. As a result of the case analysis, the study suggests two counter strategies for smooth utilization in international trade environment. First, in the case of mixed payment system, a seller should issue a commercial invoice separately based on the amount of each settlement plan in order to clarify the liability of guarantee. Second, banks should establish a new form for L/G including a sentence for verifying liabilities of the bank's side in the current form of L/G.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.625-641
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to establish unified standards on the scope of protection of choreographic works and to suggest methods for the protection of choreography copyright. 20 experts was selected among dance experts or copyright experts and depth interview method, Delphi method and AHP analysis were used. The result was summarized as follows : First, 50 percents of the experts thought pure dance works and popular dance works should be protected by same standard, while 45 percents of the experts suggested different standard. Second, 55 percents of the experts claimed required fixation on certain medium, while 40 percents did not claim required fixation but only expression. Requirement of originality was to independently create choreography and to reflect creative characteristic(65%). 70 percents of experts were positive on defining dance choreography as independent work, while 25 percents were negative. Elements of the choreography protection scope were in following order of importance: pattern of movement, creative and concrete plot, combination of movements and steps, and movement pattern with specific space. Third, methods for the protection of dance copyright in hierarchical classification were in following order of importance : 'copyright education', 'activation of organization of dance copyright trust management', 'choreography registration' and 'inducement of social concern. Fourth, 'Active participation of dance copyright trust management organization' was thought as the most important development plan. 'Improvement of dancers' awareness of copyright', 'inducement of choreography registration', and 'reinforcement of copyright education' followed in order.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.47-57
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• 2019

New product innovation is a key component of a company's survival and sustained growth. With the rapidly changing market environment and global infinite competition, The importance of innovative new product development is growing. In the domestic entertainment industry, Competition is intensifying, and many companies are focusing on developing innovative new products in order to secure continuous competitive advantage in the era of global infinite competition. The problem is that as the intensity of competition increases and the idol production system develops more and more, The costs of planning and marketing are increasing. The fair trade commission estimated the cost of creating an idol group to be about 1 billion won, and some large entertainment companies claim that the investment cost is about 20 ~ 3 billion won. Lean startup is attracting attention as an innovation framework for sustainable competitive advantage of companies. But, there are not many related studies in Korea despite the growing interest. In particular, Case studies that can help to establish specific strategies are limited. Therefore, this study analyzed the successful case of JYP Entertainment's idol singer TWICE who succeeded in new product innovation and suggested practical implications. Theoretically, This study extended the Lean startup to the entertainment industry and suggested practical implications as the basic data for establishing the innovation strategies for the idol singers of domestic entertainment companies.

• Journal of Ethics
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• no.82
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• pp.73-125
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• 2011

This article aims to search for moral educational implication of J. D. Greene's recent neuro-scientific approaches to deontological ethics. Recently new technique in neuroscience such as fMRI is applied to moral and social psychological concepts or terms, and 'affective primacy' and 'automaticity' principles are highlighted as basic concepts of the new paradigm. When these principles are introduced to ethical theories, it makes rooms of new and different interpretations of them. J. D. Greene et al. claim that deontological moral judgments or theories are just a kind of post hoc rationalization for intuitions or emotions by ways of neuroscientific findings and evolutionary interpretation. For example, Kant's categorical imperative in which a maxim should be universalizable to be as a principle, might be a product of moral intuition. Firstly this article tries to search for intellectual backgrounds of the social intuitionalism where Greens' thought originates. Secondly, this article tries to collect and summarize his arguments about moral dilemma responses, personal-impersonal dilemma catergorizing hypothesis, fMRI data interpretations by ways of evolutionary theory, cultural and social psychological theories, application to deontological and consequential theories, and his suggestion that deontological ethics shoud be rejected as a normative ethical thought and consequentialism be a promising theory etc. Thirdly, this tries to analyse and critically exam those aspects and argumentation, especially from viewpoints of the ethicists whose various strategies seek to defeat Greene's claims. Fourthly, this article criticizes that his arguments make a few critical mistakes in methodology and data interpretation. Last, this article seeks to find its implications for moral education in korea, in which in spite of incomplete argumentation of his neuroscientific approach to morality, neuroethics needs to be introduced as a new approach and educational content, and critical materials as well.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.259-276
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• 2011

If frail elderly could use home care services adequately, quality of their life might improve and their costs of service would be decreased. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors on institutionalization of elderly using home care services in Korean long-term care insurance system. This study used the data of '2009 satisfaction survey of Korean long-term care system'. The survey proceeded using sampling data by region, level of long-term care need, and insurance type among beneficiaries from August 2009 to September 2010. The onset dates of institutionalization of 1,230 participants were ascertained from long-term care insurance claim data. This study calculated hazard ratio through Cox Proportional Hazard Model. The results showed that if elderly using home care services suffer a fracture, the hazard ratio of institutionalization is higher significantly. Although not significant, if older persons have more items of damaged cognitive functions, the hazard ratio of institutionalization is higher. The results have policy implications to supplement of home care service system and postpone institutionalization of elderly.

• Korean Association for Visual Culture
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• v.35
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• pp.5-33
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• 2019

This paper examines the problems of the concept of 'analogon' which occupies an important place in Jean-Paul Sartre's theory of imagination and his 'aesthetic of the unreal', focusing on Michel Dufrenne's objection to the concept. In the Imaginary (1940), Sartre offers a phenomenological account of the imaginative experience and his theory of imagination provides the basis for his account of experience of art. Sartre distinguishes the imagining consciousness from the realizing consciousness of perception. The work of art, for Sartre, is transformed into an irreal thing ("The work of art is irreality."), i.e. it appears only as aesthetic object, and only under the condition that the spectator's consciousness changes into an imagining consciousness. Some claim that Sartre underemphasizes the function of materiality in artworks. Mikel Dufrenne, in his The Phenomenology of Aesthetic Experience (1953), criticizes Sartre's thesis of irreality. Dufrenne argues that the aesthetic object is the work of art accomplished by aesthetic perception, the meaning of the aesthetic object is given as a whole in the sensuous and does not refer to something that lies outside the object as with imagination or irreality. An affective a priori is the condition of possibility for the occurrence of aesthetic experience.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.203-220
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop a rubric for assessing students' scientific argumentation. Through the analysis of relevant literature related to argument in science education for developing rubric, the procedure in development and the category in assessment for rubric were elicited. According to the general procedure in developing rubric, the standard for evaluating the argumentation derived three categories such as a form, contents, and attitude. The form category was further segmented into sub-functions composition, claim, ground, and conclusion in the whole. The category for contents was segmented into sub-functions understanding, credibility, and inference. And the category for attitude was set to sub-functions participatory level and openness. The standard for evaluating sub-functions in each of the categories formed in this way was minutely suggested with five stages. The rubric, which was developed on the basis of literature, was inspected through a regular seminar in one expert in science education and fellow researchers. The rubric, which was developed in the early days, was again modified by being verified on problem and improvement matter after being entrusted to four experts in scientific education. And, the finally-completed rubric indicated to be high with 0.96 in the content validity index by being verified the validity by the four experts in science education. The developed rubric will lead to being able to increase the understanding about demonstration in students, and to being available for being utilized as the criteria for developing the argumentation process program and for evaluating the argumentation activity.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2020

With the start of the fourth industrial revolution era, technologies of various fields are merged and new types of technologies and products are being developed. In addition, the importance of the registration of intellectual property rights and patent registration to gain market dominance of them is increasing in oversea as well as in domestic. Accordingly, the number of patents to be processed per examiner is increasing every year, so time and cost for prior art research are increasing. Therefore, a number of researches have been carried out to reduce examination time and cost for patent-pending technology. This paper proposes a method to calculate the degree of similarity among patent documents of the same priority claim when a plurality of patent rights priority claims are filed and to provide them to the examiner and the patent applicant. To this end, we preprocessed the data of the existing irregular patent documents, used Word2vec to obtain similarity between patent documents, and then proposed recommendation model that recommends a similar patent document in descending order of score. This makes it possible to promptly refer to the examination history of patent documents judged to be similar at the time of examination by the examiner, thereby reducing the burden of work and enabling efficient search in the applicant's prior art research. We expect it will contribute greatly.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2024

Recently, there have been attempts to claim the hair moisturizing effect for a hair care product, however there has not yet been an official evaluation method because heating temperature for hair has not been established. This study was conducted to establish a quantitative evaluation for hair water content. In order to observe the behavior of water inside hair, heat was applied to hair with various temperatures using thermogravimetric dry residue. As the heating temperature increased, the amount of moisture released from the hair increased. As a result of evaluating hair using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a unique phenomenon in which a rapid endothermic reaction occurs around 75 ℃ was observed. This phenomenon was also observed in different ethnic hair. In hair that damaged the hair cuticle barrier with oxidation and heat, this rapidly rising endothermic reaction temperature occurred at 77 ℃, which was slightly higher, and 73 ℃ was observed when this hair was applied with polar oil, conditioning polymer, or keratin protein. To determine how this reaction affects the hair surface, friction test was performed using an atomic force microscope. When heated above 75 ℃, cuticle friction increased, however when heated above 90 ℃, there was no change in hair cuticle friction. Finally, it was confirmed that around 75 ℃ is the critical temperature at which desorption of water bound to the hair occurs. It is suggested that a heating temperature of 75 ℃ is the optimal temperature for detecting and quantifying the moisture content of hair, and that approximately 10% detected at 75 ℃ can be a standard value for hair moisture content.