• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2020

In this study, metal copper clad laminate can be prepared using epoxy composite filled with thermally conductive fillers. In order to improve the thermal conductivity of epoxy composites, it is important factor to form conductive networks through appropriate packing of conductive fillers in epoxy composite matrix and to decrease the amount of thermally resistant junctions involving a epoxy composite matrix layer between adjacent filler units. This is because epoxy has a thermal conductivity of only 0.2-0.3W, so in order to maintain high thermal conductivity, thermally conductive fillers are connected to each other, so that the gap between particles can be reduced to reduce thermal resistance. The purpose of this study is to find way to achieve highly thermally conductive in the epoxy composite matrix filled with Al₂O₃ and Boron Nitride(BN) filler by filler loading and uniform dispersion. As a results, the use of Al₂O₃/BN hybrid filler in epoxy matrix was found to be effective in increasing thermal conductivity of epoxy composite matrix due to the enhanced connectivity offered by more continuous thermally conductive pathways and uniform dispersion without interfacial voids in epoxy composite matrix. In addition, surface treatmented s-BN improves the filler dispersion and adhesion between the filler and the epoxy matrix, which can significantly decrease the interfacial thermal resistance and increase the thermal conductivity of epoxy composite matrix.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.90-95
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• 2013

Pipe inside clad welding is mainly used to the flow pipe of sub-sea or chemical plant. For the inside clad welding to the medium pipe with the diameter of about 12", TIG welding is frequently applied with filler metal. In this case, the clad welding has the very broad weld area over $10m^2$. And, the non-destructive test (NDT) such as ultrasonic test (UT) or radiographic testing (RT) should be conducted on the broad weld area, and it costs very high due to the time-consuming work. Therefore, the present study investigated the variation of arc voltage to develop the in-line quality monitoring system for the pipe inside TIG cladding. The 4 experimental parameters (current, arc length, wire feed position, and shield gas flow rate) varied to observe the change of arc voltage and to establish the model for the monitoring. The arc voltage was decreased when the wire was fed to the backward eccentric position(over 2mm), and the shield gas flow rate was insufficient under 10L/min. In the case of the backward eccentric position over 2mm, the bead appearance was not good and the dilution ratio was increased due to deep penetration. When the shield gas flow rate was lower than 10L/min, the bead surface was oxidized.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2005

Flexible copper clad laminates (FCCL) fabricated by sputtering has advantages in fine pitch etching and dimensional accuracy than previous casting or laminating type FCCL, But its lower adhesion is inevitable technical challenge to solve for commercializing it. Chromium (Cr) which strongly reacts with O moiety was used as tie-coating layer in order to improve low adhesion between copper (Cu) and polyimide (PI). Sputtering raw polyimide (SRPI) and casting raw polyimide (CRPI) were used as substrates at this research. PI was pretreated by plasma before sputtering, and each sample was varied with RF power and Cr thickness on sputtering. Peel strength of the FCCL on SRPI was higher than that on CRPI. Adhesion had maximum value when 10 nm of Cr was deposited on SRPI by RF power of 50 W. It seems to be by the formation of Cu-Cr-O solid solution at the metal-PI interface.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.91-97
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• 2022

The Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is a representative metal additive manufacturing method. Owing to its strong point of repairment, its application is gradually spreading in aerospace applications, power generation, military components, and mold making. 5-axis cladding is needed to repair damage, such as wear and scratches on cylindrical surfaces to circular-shaped parts, including sleeves and liners. Furthermore, the condition of cladding on inclined parts must also be considered to prevent interference between the nozzle and the part. In this study, the effects of changes in scanning speed due to the 5-axis control system and differences from the height of laser beam irradiation due to inclination are evaluated among the items that should be additionally considered in 5-axis cladding compared to 3-axis cladding. Moreover, the trends of the width and height of the clad are identified by different tilting angles via single line cladding. Lastly, cladding methods on cylindrical surfaces at various angles are proposed to enhance the clad quality and post-processing efficacy. These results can be applied with 5-axis cladding on inclined surfaces, including cylindrical surfaces.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.851-856
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to investigate the optimum drawing parameter for BAS121 welded tubes. The BAS121 aluminium alloy tubes with 25 mm in external diameter and 1.3 mm in thickness for heat-exchangers were manufactured by high frequency induction welding with the V shaped convergence angle $6.5^{\circ}$ and power input 55 kW. With increasing the reduction of area ($13,\;21\%$) by drawing, tensile strength was increased and elongation was decreased. With increasing the reduction of area by drawing, hardness in weld metal increased rapidly, while that of base metal increased slowly. In the specimen with the outer diameter smaller than 22 mm, hardness of weld metal was higher than that of base metal. The optimum drawing parameter of area reduction in BAS121 alloys was estimated about $13\%$ because of the work hardening of welds.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.46-52
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• 1999

Some of the pressurized reactor pressure vessels used in many chemical plants are made of low alloy carbon steel plates internally clad with an austenitic stainless steel for improved anti-corrosion properties. In this study, metallurgic structure of the weld interface of A 387 Grade12Class1 low alloy carbon steel claded with A182-F321 austenitic stainless steel after thermal exposure simulation heat treatment was investigated to display a characteristic behavior of dissimilar metal weld interface with thermal exposure during service at high temperature and pressure. EPMA, STEM, vickers-hardness test were performed and the results were correlated with the microstructure. To estimate the depth of the carburized/decarburized bands quantitatively, a model for carbon diffusion was proposed. The validity of the proposed theoretical relationships was confirmed by the directly measured data from the welded parts failed during service.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.128-131
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• 2001

Laser cladding processing allows rapid transfer of heat to the material being processed with minimum conduction into base metal, resulting in low total heat input. The effects of $CO_2$ laser cladding with powder feeding on mechanical properties of VERSAlloy were studied. Their low melting point (under 1093$^{\circ}C$) enables overlays to be applied with minimum dilution and base metal distortion. Experiment results indicated that powder feeding speed and quantity were important for laser cladding with powder feeding. The powder feeding speed should be adapted according to cladding speed for good shaping of clad layer. The effect of heat on the HAZ size can be limited and the growth of grain size of HAZ size was not serious.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.109-115
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• 1997

Laser cladding is a technique for modification of metal surface. In this laser cladding experiment a metal powder feeding system was developed for more efficient laser cladding. This system can reduce processing time and be used simpler than the conventional method. The feeding of metal powder has given a rise to the process for sequential buildup of bulk rapidly solidified materials in the form of fine powder stream to the laser cladding process. The parameters of laser cladding have been investigated using this experimental equipment. Bronze on aluminum alloy and copper on aluminum alloy were experimented by using defocused beam, powder feeding system, and gas shielding. Good cladding was achieved in the range of beam travel speed of 2.25m/min. In the case of copper/aluminum and bronze/aluminum substrate, the absorption of laser beam was too high to produce low diluted clad. In the case of copper/1050 aluminum, the optimal laser cladding condition was of laser power of 2.8kW, powder feed rate of 0.31g/s and beam travel speed of 2.25m/min. In the case of bronze/aluminum the optimal condition is of laser power of 2.5kW, powder feed rate of 0.31g/s, and beam travel speed of 2.36m/min.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.148-148
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• 2016

디스플레이 시장이 rigid에서 flexible로 변화하기 시작하면서 유연 투명전극 소재에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 투명전극으로 대표되는 Indium Tin Oxide(ITO)는 고투과 저저항의 장점을 가지지만 유연성이 떨어져 이를 대체 할 투명전극 소재로 Metal mesh, Ag nano-wire, CNT, Graphene, Conductive polymer 등에 대한 응용 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Metal mesh 용 Cu thin film 형성을 위해 플라즈마 표면처리 기술로 플라스틱 기판과 Cu 박막 사이의 밀착력을 향상시키고자 공정 연구를 수행하였다. 고품질의 Cu thin film 제작을 위해 양산용 roll to roll 장비를 이용하였고, 선형이온소스를 적용하여 플라즈마 표면처리를 수행하였다. 이후 마그네트론 스퍼터링을 통해 Ni buffer layer 및 Cu 박막 증착 공정을 in-situ로 진행하였다. 이러한 공정을 통해 제작한 Cu thin film의 밀착력을 평가하기 위해 cross cut test(ASTM D3359)를 수행하였다. 그 결과 플라스틱 기판과 Cu 금속 박막 사이의 밀착력이 0B에서 5B까지 향상된 것을 확인하였고, 플라즈마 표면처리 공정을 통해서 저항 또한 감소되는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 polyethylene terephthalate(PET)뿐만 아니라 polyimide(PI) 기판 상에서도 플라즈마 표면처리를 통해 금속 박막의 밀착력이 향상되는 결과를 확인하였으며, flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) 같은 유연 정보 소자 분야에 응용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.773-780
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• 2012

The article presented is concerned with an evaluation of the corrosion behavior of SA-508 low alloy steel (LAS) and Type 309L stainless steel (SS) cladding of a reactor pressure vessel under the simulated primary water chemistry of a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The uniform corrosion and galvanic corrosion rates of SA-508 LAS and Type 309L SS were measured in three different control conditions: power operation, shutdown, and power operation followed by shutdown. In all conditions, the dissimilar metal coupling of SA-508 LAS and Type 309L SS exhibited higher corrosion rates than the SA-508 base metal itself due to severe galvanic corrosion near the cladding interface, while the corrosion of Type 309L in the primary water environment was minimal. The galvanic corrosion rate of the SA-508 LAS and Type 309L SS couple measured under the simulated power operation condition was much lower than that measured in the simulated shutdown condition due to the formation of magnetite on the metal surface in a reducing environment. Based on the experimental results, the corrosion rate of SA-508 LAS clad with Type 309L SS was estimated as a function of operating cycle simulated for a typical PWR.