• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 1990

Polycrystalline CdS film have been prepared by coating a slurry constiting of CdS, CdCl2, various amount of InCl3 and propylene glycol on glass substrate and by sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere, and their sintering behaviors, electrical properties and optical properties have been investigated. As the amount of InCl3 increases, the enhancing effect of CdCl2 on sistering decreses resulting in a sharp decrease in optical transmittance and an increase in electrical resistivity. The carrier concentration is almost independent of InCl3 added due to the occurrence of chlorine doping and to the compensating effect of indium dopant. Microstructure an optical properties of CdS film, which contain CdCl2 and InCl3 before sintering, can be improved by sintering in a sealed boat.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2008

We have developed the transparent passivation layer for top emission organic light emitting diodes using CsCl thin film by the thermal evaporation method. The CsCl film was deposited on the Ca/Ag semitransparent cathode. The optical transmittance of Ca/ Ag/CsCl triple layer is higher than that of Ca/Ag double layer in the visible range. The device with a structure of glass/Ni/2-TNATA/a-NPD/Alq3:C545T/BCP/Alq3/Ca/Ag/CsCl results in higher efficiency than the device without CsCl passivation layer. The device without CsCl thin film shows a current efficiency of 7 cd/A, whereas the device passivated with CsCl layer shows an efficiency of 10 cd/A. This increase of efficiency isresulted from the increased optical extraction by the CsCl passivation layer.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.939-944
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• 2012

The electrochemical behavior of magnesium ions was examined by cyclic voltammetry in a molten $MgCl_2-CaCl_2$-NaCl salt. The reduction potential of magnesium ions was measured and those values were estimated with the variation of the concentration of $MgCl_2$ and the temperature of molten salts. The diffusion coefficient of the $Mg^{2+}$ ions has been determined at 660, 680, 700, 720 and $740^{\circ}C$. The values were $8.79{\times}10^{-6}$, $9.56{\times}10^{-6}$, $1.17{\times}10^{-5}$, $1.4{\times}10^{-5}$ and $1.77{\times}10^{-5}\;cm^2\;s^{-1}$. The activation energy for the diffusion processes of $Mg^{2+}$ ions was found to be $70.28\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$ by using the Arrhenius equation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.626-631
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• 2005

Nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is involved in cell apoptosis, which contributes to luteal regression and luteolysis in some species. In large domestic animals, no direct evidence for the relationship between NO and cell apoptosis in the process of corpus luteum regression is reported. The present study was conducted to investigate the localization of iNOS on porcine corpora lutea (CL) during the oestrus cycle and its relation to cell DNA fragmentation and CL regression. According to morphology, four luteal phases throughout the estrous cycle were defined as CL1, CL2, CL3 and CL4. By isoform-specific antibody against iNOS, the immunochemial staining was determined. Luteal cell DNA fragmentation was determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that no positive staining for iNOS was in CL1 and that iNOS was produced but limited to the periphery of CL2, while in the CL3, the spreading immunochemical staining was found inside the CL. No iNOS positive staining was detected in CL4. Meanwhile, DNA fragmentation increased dramatically when CL developed from CL2 to CL3 (p<0.05). In CL4, higher proportion of luteal cells still had fragmented DNA than that of luteal cells from CL1 or CL2 (p<0.05). These results indicate that iNOS expression is closely related to luteal cell apoptosis and then to luteal regression.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

The SrS:CuCl TFEL devices were fabricated by electron-beam deposition and the luminescent characteristics of the fabricated SrS:CuCl TFEL devices were studied. The SrS powder was used as the host materials and 0.05 ~ 0.6 at% of CuCl powder was added as the luminescent center. The deposition conditions of substrate temperature, electron beam current, and deposition rate were 500 $^{\circ}C$ , 20 ~ 40 mA, and 5 ~ 10 /sec, respectively The total thickness of the phosphor layer deposited was 6000 . The blue emission at low CuCl concentrations was observed from the luminescent centers of monomer, dimer, trimer, and tetramer, The bright greenish blue emission at high CuCl concentrations was observed from the dimer and trimer luminescent centers. The maxium luminance was observed from the SrS:CuCl TFEL devices doped with 0.2 at% of CuCl concentration and the threshold voltage, luminance(L$_{40}$ ), efficiency(η$_{20}$) and CIE coordinate obtained were 55 V, 728 cd/$m^2$, 0.49 lm/w, and (0.21, 0.33), respectively..

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.712-736
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• 2022

To understand the characteristics of low-level clouds (CLs), environmental variables are composited on each CL using individual surface observations and six-hourly upper-air meteorologies around the globe. Individual CLs has its own distinct environmental conditions. Over the eastern subtropical and western North Pacific Ocean in JJA, stratocumulus (CL5) has a colder sea surface temperature (SST), stronger and lower inversion, and more low-level cloud amount (LCA) than the climatology whereas cumulus (CL12) has the opposite characteristics. Over the eastern subtropical Pacific, CL5 and CL12 are influenced by cold and warm advection within the PBL, respectively but have similar cold advection over the western North Pacific. This indicates that the fundamental physical process distinguishing CL5 and CL12 is not the horizontal temperature advection but the interaction with the underlying sea surface, i.e., the deepening-decoupling of PBL and the positive feedback between shortwave radiation and SST. Over the western North Pacific during JJA, sky-obscuring fog (CL11), no low-level cloud (CL0), and fair weather stratus (CL6) are associated with anomalous warm advection, surface-based inversion, mean upward flow, and moist mid-troposphere with the strongest anomalies for CL11 followed by CL0. Over the western North Pacific during DJF, bad weather stratus (CL7) occurs in the warm front of the extratropical cyclone with anomalous upward flow while cumulonimbus (CL39) occurs on the rear side of the cold front with anomalous downward flow. Over the tropical oceans, CL7 has strong positive (negative) anomalies of temperature in the upper troposphere (PBL), relative humidity, and surface wind speed in association with the mesoscale convective system while CL12 has the opposite anomalies and CL39 is in between.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.11-14
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• 1991

Apparent diffusion coefficients of Cl-ions through hardened cement paste(HCP), which were partly substituted blending materials, were determined. Also, pore solution was extracted from HCP which were immersed in NaCl solution, and Cl- concentration of the solution were analyzed. Partly substitution of pozzolanic materials considerably reduced the diffusion rate for Cl-ions and Cl- concentration of pore solution. Binding capacity of Cl- is related to the content of Al2O3 and pozzolanic reactivity.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of NaCl and jasmonic acid (JA) on the growth and physiological responses of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.). Spearmint was hydroponically grown for 3 weeks in modified Hoagland solution containing 0 (untreated control), JA ($20{\mu}M$ JA pretreatment), NaCl (50 mM NaCl treatment) and JA + NaCl ($20{\mu}M$ JA pretreatment + 50 mM NaCl treatment). Growth characteristics, chlorophyll, vitamin C, proline contents, DPPH scavenging activity and inorganic ion contents were evaluated. As a results, there were significant decreases in the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and fresh weight of plants, treated with NaCl compared with control. On the other hand, the dry matters of shoot and root treated with JA + NaCl combination were better than control or NaCl treatment. Chlorophyll a and b contents in JA treatment was the highest. Vitamin C, antioxidant activity, and proline content in shoot were increased in NaCl treatment which showed low level of growth rate. The K/Na ratio, which is known to indirectly reflect the balance of ion uptake, was higher in a single treatment of JA than the control group, while lower in salt treatment (NaCl and JA + NaCl) because of high $Na^+$ absorption. In conclusion, these results showed that moderate stress treatment such as low level salt treatment and plant growth regulator jasmonic acid (JA) application would be potential strategies to improve the quality of spearmint by inducing the accumulation of secondary metabolites containing high antioxidant activity and essential oil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.7-11
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• 2002

In this study, Au thin films were etched with a $Cl_2/Ar$ gas combination in an in an inductively coupled plasma. The etch properties were measured for different gas mixing ratios of $Cl_2/(Cl_2+Ar)$ while the other process conditions were fixed at rf power (700 W), dc bias voltage (150 V), and chamber pressure (15 mTorr). The highest etch rate of the Au thin film was 3500 $\AA/min$ and the selectivity of Au to $SiO_2$ was 4.38 at a $Cl_2/(Cl_2+Ar)$ gas mixing ratio of 0.2. The surface reaction of the etched Au thin films was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. There is Au-Cl bonding by chemical reaction between Cl and Au. During the etching of Au thin films in $Cl_2/Ar$ plasma, Au-Cl bond is formed, and these products can be removed by the physical bombardment of Ar ions. In addition, Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) were investigated to analyze radical density of Cl and Ar in plasma. The profile of etched Au investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.417-421
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• 1997

This study investigated the effects of various additives to cooking water on cooking quality of noodle. Addition of l％ NaCl to boiling water showed a low amount of water absorption and good texture than the addition of sugar or oil at 1%. The types of salts (NaCl, CaCl, and MgSO$_4$) did not show any significant difference in cooking quality, however, adding NaCl was effective on texture improvement Cooking quality was increased with increasing concentration of NaCl. The texture of noodle was not significantly changed by the increase of NaCl, however, the addition of 5% NaCl was significantly different from no addition of NaCl.